聚茜素红膜修饰碳糊电极对槲皮素的电催化氧化研究

制备了聚茜素红膜修饰碳糊电极,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱法(IR)及电化学法对修饰电极进行了表征,用循环伏安法研究了槲皮素在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。研究发现:在p H 7.0的磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对槲皮素有良好的电催化氧化作用。氧化反应是受吸附控制的两电子、两质子过程。在优化条件下,槲皮素的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5~8.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.0×10-6mol·L-1。该修饰电极制备方法简单、灵敏度高、稳定性好,用于实际样品中槲皮素的含量分析,结果令人满意。     

L-色氨酸在金纳米粒子修饰电极上的电化学行为及其分析研究

制备了金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极(Au/GCE),用循环伏安法研究L-色氨酸(L-Trp)在修饰电极上的电化学行为,以及支持电解质、溶液p H、扫描速率等对L-Trp伏安响应的影响。实验表明:在p H=3.5的HAcNa Ac支持电解质中,L-Trp在Au/GCE上有一灵敏的氧化峰(Epa=0.93)。氧化峰电流与L-Trp浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9990,检出限1.6×10-7mol·L-1。测得L-Trp样品平均回收率为98%。     

水分散性石墨烯的制备及其电化学传感器在测定福莫特罗酒石酸盐中的应用

在碱性条件下用NaBH4还原氧化石墨烯(GO),成功制备水分散性良好的石墨烯。用制备的石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了福莫特罗酒石酸盐在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。优化DPV条件下,福莫特罗酒石酸盐的氧化峰电流与浓度在3.64×10-7~1.64×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9978),检出限为7.89×10-8 mol·L-1。电化学测试结果表明,石墨烯修饰玻碳电极具有响应时间快、重现性和稳定性好的特点,可用于福莫特罗酒石酸盐的检测。     

吲哒帕胺在十二烷基苯磺酸钠胶束增敏下的电化学测定

在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)存在下,研究了吲哒帕胺在碳糊电极(CPE)上的电化学行为,建立了一种简便灵敏的吲哒帕胺的电化学测定方法。结果表明:SDBS使吲哒帕胺氧化峰电位略有负移,峰电流增大。在优化的实验条件下,用方波伏安法(SWV)测定吲哒帕胺线性范围为2.0×10-7~8.0×10-4 mol·L-1,检出限8.0×10-8mol·L-1。该方法可用于吲哒帕胺缓释片的定量分析测定。     

色氨酸在普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

采用电沉积法制备了普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极(PB/GCE),使用循环伏安法(CV)研究了色氨酸(Trp)在修饰电极上的电化学特性,并建立了一种电化学检测色氨酸的新方法。实验结果表明,在优化实验条件下,色氨酸在8.0×10-6～5.0×10-4mol·L-1浓度范围内与峰电流呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为Ip(μA)=5.8954c(μmol·L-1)-32.91,相关系数r=0.9999(n=8),方法检出限(S/N=3)为3.5×10-7mol·L-1。将该修饰电极用于色氨酸样品的测定,结果满意。初步的反应机理探讨表明,色氨酸在普鲁士蓝电极上的反应可能是以两步进行的两电子氧化过程。     

伏安法测定化妆品中熊果苷

采用线性扫描伏安法、循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法等方法研究了熊果苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为.试验结果表明:pH 2.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,熊果苷在0.86 V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的氧化峰,在0 V有一较小的还原峰.以氧化峰为考察对象,对试验条件进行了优化.在最佳条件下,熊果苷浓度在2.0×10-7～4.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内与氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为1.4×10-7mol·L-1.该方法用于膏霜类模拟化妆品中熊果苷的检测,得到的回收率在98.0%～100.6%之间.     

铂微粒/聚3-甲基噻吩修饰电极测定对苯二酚

采用电化学聚合和电化学沉积法制备了负载铂微粒的聚3-甲基噻吩(P3MT)修饰玻碳电极(Pt/P3MT/GCE)。通过循环伏安法研究了对苯二酚在该电极上的电化学行为,并优化了实验参数,在此基础上建立了一种用微分脉冲伏安法直接测定对苯二酚的方法。在酸性溶液中,对苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5~8.0×10-3mol·L-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9992),检测限为1.0×10-6mol·L-1,水样中对苯二酚的加标回收率在98%~104%之间。     

邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在金纳米修饰玻碳电极(GNP/GCE)上的同时灵敏检测

用恒电位沉积法制备了金纳米修饰玻碳电极(GNP/GCE),并利用循环伏安法研究了邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在p H=6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液中,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在该修饰电极上均出现一对准可逆氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为:Epa=0.250 V、Epc=0.220 V和Epa=0.140 V、Epc=0.100V。在最佳测定条件下,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在1×10-6~8×10-5mol·L-1的浓度范围内线性良好,检出限分别为3.7×10-7mol·L-1,2.4×10-7mol·L-1。该方法用于模拟水样和茶叶中邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的测定,结果满意。     

6-羟基烟酸修饰电极的制备及应用研究

采用循环伏安法制备了6-羟基烟酸膜修饰炭糊电极(6-HNC/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)和肾上腺素(EP)在该修饰电极的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极对DA及EP具有明显的电催化效果。其电化学信号与DA的浓度在9.52×10-7~7.28×10-5mol·L-1和8.67×10-5~3.72×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为1.9×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),氧化峰电流与EP的浓度在1.74×10-6~4.41×10-5mol·L-1和5.58×10-5~1.01×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为3.6×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),利用差示脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究DA,UA和Trp的混合溶液电催化效果,结果该发现三者氧化峰电位在6-HNC/CPE上的能够完全分开,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于三者的选择性测定及实际样品中DA含量的测定。     

碳纳米管负载钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极碱性条件下测定葡萄糖

以碳纳米管为模板,采用电化学方法制备了碳纳米管负载的钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极,并研究了该修饰电极在碱性介质中对葡萄糖的电催化活性。结果表明,该修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化活性。在优化条件下,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为2.0×10-7~4.2×10-5mol·L-1和4.2×10-5~4.9×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(3sb,n=7)为5.0×10-8mol·L-1,灵敏度分别为242.7μA·(mmol·L-1)-1和114.8μA·(mmol·L-1)-1,响应时间小于5 s。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.