Pd/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂催化氧化邻-二甲苯

利用纳米γ-Al_2O_3(10 nm)和普通γ-Al_2O_3(200-300 nm),采用浸渍法制备了1%(w)Pd/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,考察了其催化氧化邻-二甲苯的性能以及催化剂的活性在氢气还原前后的区别。实验结果发现1%(w)Pd/γ-Al_2O_3(nano)在H_2还原后催化氧化邻-二甲苯的活性最高,T_(90)为150℃。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,研究了1%(w)Pd/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂物性结构与催化性能之间的构效关系。结果表明,还原态Pd是H_2还原后催化剂催化氧化邻-二甲苯的活性物种;Pd的颗粒大小与催化剂活性有显著的关系,小粒径有利于催化剂活性提高;纳米γ-Al_2O_3载体与Pd之间的相互作用强,有利于Pd的粒径控制和分散,从而提高1%(w)Pd/γ-Al_2O_3(nano)催化剂的活性。     

用程序升温催化反应等技术研究Pd、Pt组分及CO对Pd(Pt)/Al_2O_3催化剂氢氧反应活性的影响

采用程序升温催化反应技术、程序升温吸脱附技术、原位红外光谱技术研究了Pd、Pt组分及CO对Pd(Pt)/Al_2O_3催化剂氢氧反应活性的影响.结果表明,原料气中无CO存在时,单铂催化剂对氢氧反应的活性高于Pd-Pt双金属催化剂,有CO存在时,Pd-Pt催化剂反而优于单铂催化剂;CO使Pd-(Pt)/Al_2O_3催化剂活性降低的主原因是由于CO与H_2之间的竞争吸附,CO占据了H_2吸附的部分活性位,以及催化剂表面上被吸附的CO与O_2和被吸附的H_2与O_2之间的竞争反应所致;当氧含量低于化学计量时,CO歧化反应所导致的积炭在单铂催化剂表面上比在Pd-Pt催化剂上严重.     

MCM-41负载Dawson型磷钨酸的制备及其对乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化性能研究

以MCM-41为载体,H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备出负载型催化剂40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41,对催化剂进行FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDX、NH3-TPD和TG表征。XRD、SEM测试结果表明H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)均匀地负载MCM-41载体上,FT-IR、EDX测试表明负载后H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)仍保持Dawson结构不变,NH3-TPD、TG结果表明负载后催化剂出现弱酸中心,同时强酸中心酸强度和酸量均增多,催化剂热稳定性显著提高。以40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41为催化剂,催化乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对酯化率的影响。结果表明:40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41在催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应中表现出优异的催化活性,最优条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.0∶1.0,w(40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41)=3.7%(基于反应物质量),反应温度125℃,反应时间3.0 h。在此条件下乙酸正丁酯的收率达到了97.5%,催化剂重复使用5次时,酯化率仍可保持为72.1%。     

无有机胺体系中高硅ZSM-5沸石的一步合成

在无有机胺模板剂和不加晶种体系中,采用较低晶化温度(130℃),在水热体系中一步合成了形貌均一的板块状高硅ZSM-5沸石(n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_390)。系统地考察了合成体系中原料的物质的量之比对合成ZSM-5沸石的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),扫描电镜(SEM),低温氮气吸附/脱附和固体核磁共振(~(29)Si MAS NMR)等技术手段对合成的ZSM-5沸石进行了物化表征。结果表明,当原料的物质的量之比n_(C_2H_5OH)/n_(SiO_2)=2.8、n_(Na_2O)/n_(SiO_2)=0.14和n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_3)=150时,可合成具有高结晶度的ZSM-5纯相沸石。比表面积和微孔孔容分别为409 m~2·g~(-1)和0.14 cm~3·g~(-1),其骨架n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_3)达到96.4。     

碱性CeO_2载体对Ru/CeO_2催化剂氨合成活性的影响（英文）

钌基催化剂因其在低温低压下具有比常规的铁基催化剂更具活性的特点成为合成氨催化剂的理想选择.我们研究了Ce O_2载体表面碱性对Ru基合成氨催化剂的影响.通过调节KOH沉淀剂的量来制备具有不同碱性位点的Ce O_2载体(p H=10/11/12),证明了催化剂适当碱性位点密度提高了合成氨催化活性.催化性能测试结果表明,1.25%Ru/Ce O_2-11催化剂在3.8 MPa,450℃,H_2/N_2=3(60 m L獉min~(-1))下表现出优异的氨合成活性(7040μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1)).Ce O_2-11的碱性位点增强了载体的电子给予能力,这有利于电子向活性金属Ru转移,从而促进了N_2的活化.碱金属和碱土金属的引入提高了活性金属Ru的还原能力.4%Cs-1.25%Ru/Ce O_2-11(12 000μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1))催化剂具有更多的氧空位,这增加了Ru周围的电子密度并促进了N≡N的裂解.通过XRD,BET,SEM,CO_2-TPD,H_2-TPR和XPS分析了不同碱性Ce O_2载体对合成氨催化反应的影响.     

Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛的制备及催化合成乙酰水杨酸

以4A-分子筛为载体,Dawson结构磷钨酸钇(Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O)为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备出负载型40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛,并通过FT IR、EDS、SEM、NH3-TPD及N2吸附-脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征。将其用于催化水杨酸和乙酸酐反应制备乙酰水杨酸,考察了各因素对反应的影响。结果表明,负载前后磷钨酸钇均保持Dawson结构,Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O和40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛均呈球形,负载后催化剂的比表面积增大,酸强度和酸量均明显提高。在优化反应条件(水杨酸与乙酸酐摩尔比为1∶3,反应时间为30min,催化剂用量为反应物质量分数的2.3%)下,乙酰水杨酸收率为95.2%。催化剂重复使用6次,乙酰水杨酸收率仍保持为77.9%。     

Sb对Pd基催化剂用于常压直接合成H_2O_2的促进效应（英文）

H_2O_2作为一种高效绿色氧化剂,广泛应用于造纸、纺织、水处理等工业领域.目前蒽醌法是工业上生产H_2O_2的主要方法,相比之下,利用H_2和O_2直接合成H_2O_2,能耗低,污染小,适合与下游工艺技术进行耦合.而缺乏高性能催化剂是制约直接法合成H_2O_2工业化的主要原因.本文通过浸渍法制备了一系列负载型Pd-Sb/TiO_2双金属催化剂,并用于常压下H_2O_2直接催化合成反应.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),H_2/O_2程序升温脱附(H_2/O_2-TPD),X射线衍射(XRD),原位CO吸附的傅里叶变换漫反射红外光谱(CO-DRIFTS)等手段对催化剂的电子和几何结构进行解析,深入研究了助剂Sb对该体系的促进作用.结果显示,与单金属Pd催化剂相比,适量金属Sb的加入有效提高了催化性能,抑制了副反应的发生.当Pd/Sb摩尔比为50/1(Pd50Sb)时,H_2O_2的选择性高达73%;但是当Pd/Sb为2时,催化剂对生成H_2O_2几乎没有活性.TEM和XRD证明,Sb的加入显著促进了Pd颗粒在载体TiO_2上的分散.XPS和H_2-TPD实验,发现,Sb改变了催化剂表面Pd~(2+)/Pd0的比例,抑制了金属Pd的氧化;同时,Sb主要以氧化态存在,在催化剂表面形成Sb_2O_3氧化层,覆盖表面的Pd活性位,从而抑制了反应中H_2在催化剂表面的活化以及H_2O_2加氢副反应的发生.O_2-TPD结果表明,随着Sb的加入,O_2的脱附峰明显减弱,表明Pd-Sb/TiO_2不利于O_2的解离吸附.此外,原位CO-DRIFTS实验结果表明,Sb均匀分布在Pd-Sb催化剂表面,致使有利于生成H_2O的连续Pd活性位明显减少,而有利于合成H_2O_2的单个Pd原子活性位明显增加.总的来说,Sb对Pd表面起到了显著的修饰作用,提高了催化剂表面O_2的非解离活化,从而促进了H_2O_2的高选择性合成.但是过量Sb的加入会抑制催化剂对H_2的活化作用,致使催化剂活性下降,因此优选Pd/Sb的比例对于提高催化剂性能具有重要作用     

TS分子筛的催化氧化性能研究Ⅴ.环己酮氨肟化反应

研究了自制的钛硅分子筛(TS-1)催化H_2O_2参与的环己酮氨肟化反应.结果表明,降低反应溶液中H_2O_2的浓度、增加NH_3用量有利于H_2O_2利用率、环己酮肟收率和选择性的提高,适宜的n(H_2O_2):n(酮)<1.0,n(NH_3):n(酮)>2.0.反应时间应控制在3.5h左右.对溶剂的研究显示,叔丁醇在溶剂中所占的体积对反应有较大的影响,在叔丁醇体积分数为0.2到0.8之间,实验获得了较好的结果.当n(NH_3):n(H_2O_2):n(酮)=2.0:1.0:1.0,叔丁醇体积分数为0.5,反应时间2.5h,反应温度353K时,H_2O_2利用率、环己酮肟收率和选择性分别达95%,94%和97%以上.并对空白实验结果和TS-1的重复性试验进行了讨论.     

2-乙基蒽醌在双金属整体式催化剂上的氢化反应:实验和DFT研究（英文）

过氧化氢(H_2O_2)是一种绿色化工原料和环境友好氧化剂.目前,超过98%的H_2O_2是通过蒽醌法生产.蒽醌法主要包括2-乙基蒽醌氢化生成2-乙基氢蒽醌和2-乙基氢蒽醌氧化生成2-乙基蒽醌和H_2O_2的过程.其中,2-乙基蒽醌氢化是关键步骤.在氢化过程中,生成的2-乙基氢蒽醌和四氢-2-乙基氢蒽醌是目标产物,同时生成许多副产物.目前,Pd颗粒催化剂是广泛使用的催化剂,但是蒽醌氢化过程中,质量传递是主要的控制因素.与颗粒催化剂对比,整体式催化剂可以减弱整个反应的内外扩散,提高反应速率.很多研究结果显示,整体式催化剂的传质优于颗粒催化剂,可以提高催化效率.近期许多研究显示,双金属颗粒催化剂在很多氢化反应中体现出优异的催化性能.本工作制备了双金属整体式催化剂,考察了其在蒽醌氢化过程中的催化性能.首先,通过浸渍法制备了4种双金属整体式催化剂Pd-M/SiO_2/COR(M=Ni,Fe,Mn和Cu)以及Pd/SiO_2/COR和Ni/SiO_2/COR两种单金属整体式催化剂.催化活性结果显示,Ni/SiO_2/COR的H_2O_2产量低于Pd/SiO_2/COR,而且在700 ℃还原的Pd-Ni/SiO_2/COR整体式催化剂在Pd/M=2时取得了最高选择性(95.3%)和H_2O_2产量(7.5 g/L).然后,考察了金属负载量的影响.结果显示,在金属负载量低于0.4%时,随着金属负载量增加,选择性和H_2O_2产量增加,在金属负载量高于0.4%时,随着金属负载量增加,选择性和H_2O_2产量降低.TEM结果表明,添加第二种金属后,双金属整体式催化剂颗粒尺寸变小,分布更均匀.EDS结果显示,双金属形成了合金.H_2-TPR结果显示,随着Pd/M比率增加,还原温度降低,说明Pd有助于第二种金属氧化物的还原.这可能是由于Pd表面的氢溢流到第二种金属(Ni,Fe,Mn和Cu)表面.此外,文献结果表明,合金的形成能够抑制PdH的形成.本工作表明添加第二种金属(Ni,Fe,Mn和Cu)后,PdH的峰强度减弱或者峰消失,也说明形成了合金.XPS结果显示,添加第二种金属后,在336.3±0.1和341.4±0.1 eV出现了新的Pd 3d_(5/2)和Pd 3d_(3/2)峰,说明形成了合金.H_2-O_2滴定结果表明,Pd-Ni/SiO_2/COR的Pd分散度和Pd比表面积都高于其他双金属催化剂,说明第二种金属Ni更有利于促进Pd的分散,减弱颗粒集聚,揭示了Pd和Ni之间强烈的相互作用.DFT计算结果显示,Pd_3M_1(M=Ni,Fe,Mn和Cu)双金属整体式催化剂和2-乙基蒽醌之间的结合能低于Pd/SiO_2/COR和2-乙基蒽醌之间的结合能,但是Pd_3M_1(M=Ni,Fe和Mn)双金属催化剂和2-乙基氢蒽醌之间的结合能减小得很少,这可能是由于2-乙基蒽醌的C=O和第二种金属之间具有强烈相互作用的缘故.Pd_3Cu_1双金属催化剂和2-乙基氢蒽醌之间的结合能减小很多,主要是由于Pd_3Cu_1表面不利于2-乙基氢蒽醌的吸附.因此,Pd-Ni/SiO_2/COR比Pd/SiO_2/COR,Ni/SiO_2/COR和其他的双金属整体式催化剂具有更高的选择性和H_2O_2产量,主要是由于合金的形成以及2-乙基氢蒽醌的C=O双键和2-乙基氢蒽醌强烈的相互作用.     

H_2O_2处理H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2光催化降解甲基橙

采用浸渍法制备了H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂,用H_2O_2进行敏化处理,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。探讨了该催化剂对甲基橙溶液的催化降解活性,较系统地研究了溶液的初始浓度、溶液的pH、催化剂用量对光催化降解甲基橙的影响。研究发现:H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2对甲基橙有良好的降解效果。在甲基橙溶液初始浓度为10mg·L~(-1),溶液pH为2.5,催化剂用量为溶液总质量0.5%的条件下光照2.5h,甲基橙的降解率达到91.1%。H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂光催化降解甲基橙溶液为一级动力学反应。     

Influence of Pd-Ce interaction and chlorine ion on hydrodesulfurization reaction: The activity and sulfur tolerance of the Pd-Ceo2/Al2O3 catalyst

CeO₂ promoted palladium catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ were prepared using the impregnation (IM) and the deposition-precipitation (DP) methods. The activities and sulfur tolerance of the catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were detected with thiophene HDS as probe reaction. H₂ adsorption, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. The Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst was highly active for the HDS reaction, and it had much stronger sulfur tolerance than the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (DP) showed excellent sulfur tolerance while its initial activity decreased. It was observed that with the chlorine bridge, the interfacial structure of Pd-Cl⁻¹-Ce³⁺ was responsible for the high activity of the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst, at the same time the interaction of Pd with Ce was weakened by Cl₋₁ ions. The enhanced sulfur tolerance over the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (IM) catalyst was attributed to the weakened Pd-S bond caused by the competitive adsorption of H₂S on Ce³⁺ ions. As to the Pd-CeO₂/Al₂O₃ (DP) catalyst, a strong interaction of Pd with Ce put Pd at an electron-deficient state, the creation of sulfided palladium was therefore inhibited.     

Hydroisomerization of n-heptane over bimetal-bearing H3PW12O40 catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite

The bimetal-bearing (CePt or LaPt) 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (PW)) catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite (DUSY) were prepared by impregnation and characterized by XRD, BET, IR, and H₂-chemisorption. Their catalytic activities were tested in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with a continuous atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. After the steam treatment combined with the acid leaching, as well as the supporting with PW and the bimetals, the DUSY support retains the Y zeolite porosity and the PW well keeps its Keggin structure in catalysts. The doping of Ce into the catalysts enhances the dispersion of Pt on the catalyst surface. The Pt-bearing PW catalysts doped with Ce or La, especially Ce, exhibit much higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the catalysts without dopants at lowered reaction temperatures. At the optimal reaction conditions, i.e., the reaction temperature of 250°C and WHSV of 1.4 h⁻¹, the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.4%, PW loading of 10% and a molar ratio of Ce to Pt of 15:1 shows a conversion of n-heptane of 70.3% with a high selectivity for isomerization products of 94.1%. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20306011 and 20476046), the Ph. D. Program Foundation of Chinese University (20040291002), and the Ph. D. innovation Program Foundation of Nanjing University of Technology (BSCX200506)     

Catalytic Performance of Re/Ga2O3/WO3/ZrO2 Catalyst for n-Hexane Isomerization

A series of Re/Ga₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The crystalline structure, redox, and acid site distribution of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction of H₂, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃. Their catalytic performance for n-hexane isomerization was studied. The results showed that the addition of Re greatly affected the redox properties and the acid site distribution of the catalysts. Owing to the presence of Re, n-hexane isomerization was catalyzed by metal and acid sites, and thus the conversion of n-hexane and the selectivity for 2,2-dimethylbutane were significantly increased. Under the conditions of 195 °C, 1.0 MPa, LHSV = 1.0 h⁻¹, and n(H₂)/n(C₆) = 2.0, the conversion of n-hexane over 1.0%Re/1.0%Ga₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂ is 84.8%, and the selectivities for 2,2-dimethylbutane, i-hexane, and cracking products (C_5-) are 20%, 97.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. The catalyst is stable during 150 h operation.     

Selective Oxidation of Cyclic Hydrocarbons with H2O2 over Ti- and V-Containing Zeolites and Mesoporous Catalysts

Ti- and V-containing MFI, MEL and MCM-41 catalysts were studied in the oxidation of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, naphthalene, tetralin, decalin and phenol with H₂O₂. Although TS-1 and TS-2 exhibited the highest activity and selectivity in the oxidation of _n -hexane and 1-hexene, cyclohexene could only be oxidized effectively on the MCM-41 silicates. Since the oxidation of condensed aromatic systems over Ti- and V-containing MFI and MEL zeolites runs to difficulties, MCM-41 type catalysts may be offered for these reactions.     

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2/O2 using Pd/Al2O3 catalysts

Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and were used for the direct formation of hydrogen peroxide from H₂ and O₂. The H₂O₂ concentration and selectivity were strongly dependent on the solubility of hydrogen in the reaction medium. The modification of the support by halogenate has a beneficial effect on the selectivity. The state of the active Pd on Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Pd(0) was found to be active.     

碳酸盐共沉淀法可控制备超高倍率锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

采用碳酸盐共沉淀法通过调节NH₃·H₂O用量来实现可控制备超高倍率纳米结构LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂正极材料。NH₃·H₂O用量会对颗粒的形貌、粒径、晶体结构以及材料电化学性能产生较大的影响。X射线衍射（XRD）分析和扫描电镜（SEM）结果表明,随着NH₃·H₂O用量的降低,一次颗粒形貌由纳米片状逐渐过渡到纳米球状,且n_NH3·H2O：（n_Ni+n_Co+n_Mn）=1：2样品晶体层状结构最完善、Li⁺/Ni²⁺阳离子混排程度最低。电化学性能测试结果也证实了n_NH3·H2O：（n_Ni+n_Co+n_Mn）=1：2样品具有最优异的循环稳定性和超高倍率性能。具体而言,在2.7~4.3 V,1C下循环300次后的放电比容量为119 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为81%,中值电压基本无衰减（保持率为97%）。在100C（18 Ah·g^-1）的超高倍率下,放电比容量还能达到56 mAh·g^-1,具有应用于高功率型锂离子电池的前景。此NH₃·H₂O比例值对于共沉淀法制备其他高倍率、高容量的正/负极氧化物材料具有一定的工艺参考价值。     

PdCl2-CuCl2/Al2O3催化剂低温催化CO氧化的失活机理

采用X射线衍射、N₂吸-脱附、X射线光电子能谱分析、氢气-程序升温还原和原位红外漫反射等方法对新鲜和失活的PdCl₂-CuCl₂/Al₂O₃低温催化CO氧化催化剂进行表征,研究了高相对湿度(100%)下催化剂的失活机理.结果表明,催化剂表面沉积的水使得活性铜物种容易从催化剂表面向载体孔道内部迁移,由于Pd、Cu相互作用弱化从而减弱了Pd与Cu物种间的相互作用,使得催化剂的氧化还原性能受到影响,抑制了Pd⁰再氧化为Pd²⁺的过程,从而因CO氧化反应中催化剂氧化还原循环受阻而导致失活.     

Dependence of the catalytic activity of Ag/Al2O3 on the silver concentration in the selective reduction of NOx with n-hexane in the presence of H2

The activity of 0.25–5% Ag/Al₂O₃ catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with n-hexane under the conditions of promotion with a small amount of H₂ was studied. It was found that, upon the introduction of ∼1000 ppm of H₂ into the reaction mixture, the Ag/Al₂O₃ samples containing 1–2% Ag exhibited optimum activity and selectivity. It was established that, in the presence of 1000 ppm of H₂, the rate of the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x was higher by a factor of 10–13, and the onset temperature of the reaction was lower by approximately 100°C. It was found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and UV spectroscopy that the high activity of 1–2% Ag/Al₂O₃ catalysts was due to the presence of small Ag _n ^δ+ and Ag _m ⁰ clusters on their surface. A decrease in the concentration of Ag below the optimum value resulted in the predominance of an inactive ionic form on the catalyst surfaces. As the concentration of Ag was increased (>2%), large particles of Ag₂O and Ag⁰, which facilitate the oxidation of n-C₆H₁₄, were formed to lead to a decrease in selectivity and in the degree of reduction of nitrogen oxides.     

氮掺杂MnCo2O4/N-KB的制备及氧还原催化性能

以Mn(Ac)_2和Co(Ac)_2作为前驱体,导电碳Ketjenblack (KB)作为负载碳源,采用水解-水热法制备氮掺杂的MnCo_2O_4/N-KB催化剂材料,对其结构特征和碱性溶液中氧还原反应的催化性能进行表征,并进一步分析其氧还原反应活性。结果表明:MnCo_2O_4/N-KB催化剂的形态是KB骨架上生长纳米级MnCo_2O_4,并且在N-KB和MnCo_2O_4之间形成化学耦合,产生协同作用,有效提高了MnCo_2O_4/N-KB催化剂的氧还原活性。MnCo_2O_4与N-KB的质量比为1∶9时,MnCo_2O_4/N-KB催化剂在O_2饱和0.1mol·L~(-1)KOH溶液中对氧还原反应的电催化性能最佳,反应的极限电流密度为5.7 mA·cm~(-2),半波电位接近0.81 V,电子转移数为4。在相同负载量下,MnCo_2O_4/N-KB催化剂相比商用Pt/C(电流密度5.2 mA·cm~(-2),半波电位0.83 V)有着更高的极限电流密度和耐久性。     

Synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of a 2-D network organic-inorganic hybrid polymer with [α-BW12O40]5? as building blocks

A two-dimensional network compound [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)][α-BW₁₂O₄₀]·H₂O·(HDMA)₂ (HDMA = protoned dimethylamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) was synthesized from α-H₅BW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O, Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and DMF and characterized by IR, UV spectra and TG-DTA. The result of the X-ray single crystal diffraction indicates that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with unit cell dimensional: a = 1.1983(3), b = 2.4216(5), c = 1.9517(4) nm, β = 92.91(3)°, Z = 4, R ₁ = 0.07710, wR ₂ = 0.1416. Structural analysis indicates that every [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)]³⁺ building block is surrounded by three adjacent [α-BW₁₂O₄₀]⁵⁻ polyanions, meanwhile, every [α-BW₁₂O₄₀]⁵⁻ polyanion interconnects with three neighboring [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)]³⁺ subunits, by making use of which two-dimensional network structure can be constructed. The result of thermogravimetric analysis manifests that the title compound has two-stage weight loss and the decomposition temperature of the title polyanionic framework is 560°C. The electrochemical analysis shows the title polyanion has three-step redox processes in the pH = 4–7 media.