植物凝集素在生物医用领域中的应用

对植物凝集素在生物医用功能材料中的应用进行了综述。介绍了植物凝集素的发现历程、分类,详细阐述了植物凝集素在靶向性药物载体、刺激响应性药物载体、靶向及刺激响应性药物载体、生物传感器、医用高分子聚合物材料方面的研究进展。最后对植物凝集素运用于生物功能材料的优势和面临的挑战进行总结,对其进一步的发展方向作出了展望。     

分子纳米技术在生物医药学领域的应用

综述了分子纳米技术近几年来在生物学、医学和药学领域的应用研究概况，并展望了有关发展前景。     

电化学生物传感器在发酵领域中的应用

本文综述了近10年来电化学生物传感器在发酵领域中的研究及应用。首先介绍了电化学生物传感器的基本原理及分类,然后对发酵领域中应用和研究最为广泛的酶电极以及微生物电极传感器进行了分类描述,并重点介绍和归纳了葡萄糖、乳酸、酒精以及甘油生物传感器的研究现状,集中探讨了两类传感器的抗干扰性与选择性等特性。     

纳米材料在电化学生物传感器及生物电分析领域中的应用

纳米尺度上的生物分析化学是当今国际生物分析领域研究的前沿和热点.该文阐述了纳米粒子在电化学免疫传感器及电化学DNA传感器领域的应用,着重介绍了以纳米材料为载体设计新型的具有生物分子识别和电信号增强作用的纳米标记粒子在构建高灵敏电化学生物传感器以及多组分同时检测中的应用.     

溶胶凝胶技术在化学及生物传感器领域中的应用

本文介绍了一种新的用于化学或生物传感器固定敏感试剂的溶胶凝胶技术,用此技术制成的传感器基质具有优异的光学特性和热力学,机械稳定性,且它形成的化学条件温和,尤其适用于包埋生物大分子。     

纳米技术在高效温差电材料中的应用

介绍了传统的热电材料，论述了热电材料的工作原理以及热电材料的应用。随着电子器件向小型化、微型化发展，迫切要求具有低功率和高输出电压的微型供电装置，低维热电材料因为小尺寸效应，表现出优异的热电性能，成为研制微温差电池的首选材料，受到了科研工作者的广泛关注。     

纳米技术在毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳生物大分子分离中的应用*

在分离领域,纳米技术主要以两种形式改善分离效果,一种是利用金、二氧化硅、聚合物、金属氧化物和碳纳米管等纳米材料,二是通过微机电加工、化学方法或者自组装技术构筑纳米障碍物和纳通道等纳米结构。本文对两种不同形式的纳米技术在毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳生物分离中的应用进行了综述。并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

层层自组装技术在生物医用材料领域中的应用研究进展

基于聚电解质阴阳离子交替组装的层层自组装技术由于可在温和的条件下实现多种生物大分子在材料表面的固定,并通过对组装条件的控制实现多种生物功能,已成为生物医用材料表面设计的重要手段。本文对层层自组装技术在构建血液相容性界面、组织工程表面、药物控释涂层等生物医用材料领域的应用研究进行了比较系统的阐述。     

The Applications of Nanotechnology in Crop Production

With the frequent occurrence of extreme climate, global agriculture is confronted with unprecedented challenges, including increased food demand and a decline in crop production. Nanotechnology is a promising way to boost crop production, enhance crop tolerance and decrease the environmental pollution. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding innovative nanotechnology in crop production, which could help us respond to agricultural challenges. Nanotechnology, which involves the use of nanomaterials as carriers, has a number of diverse applications in plant growth and crop production, including in nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors and nanobiotechnology. The unique structures of nanomaterials such as high specific surface area, centralized distribution size and excellent biocompatibility facilitate the efficacy and stability of agro-chemicals. Besides, using appropriate nanomaterials in plant growth stages or stress conditions effectively promote plant growth and increase tolerance to stresses. Moreover, emerging nanotools and nanobiotechnology provide a new platform to monitor and modify crops at the molecular level.     

纳米技术在物理刺激诱导肿瘤治疗中的应用探索

物理刺激诱导的治疗通常是利用多功能诊疗试剂对外界物理刺激,如光、磁场、超声、射频以及X射线等的响应性进行治疗的策略。近年来,这种新颖的癌症治疗方法在临床前期的动物实验组取得了良好的实验结果,因而该策略也备受关注。与传统的化疗疗法不同,物理刺激响应性的试剂本身通常是无毒性的,只有在特定的物理刺激之下才会在病灶部位产生治疗效果。此外,物理刺激诱导的治疗方法还可以与传统治疗策略结合,通过不同的机制达到协同治疗的目的。在这篇综述中,我们将阐述物理刺激诱导治疗的最新发展动态,并深入讨论纳米诊疗试剂在该治疗策略中的重要作用。     

哺乳动物细胞的光电行为及其在生化分析中应用

研究了乳动物细胞的光电行为，利用这种细胞的光电效应又研究了ＮａＮ３对细胞２内电子传递和５－氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）对细胞代谢活动的影响。结果表明，该方法用于研究细胞内电子传递机制和药物对肿瘤细胞的作用既简单又切实可行。     

Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology for Controlling Cell‐Surface Receptor Clustering

The spatial organization of cell‐surface receptors plays an important role in defining cell fate. Recently, the development of strategies for the direct regulation of receptor clustering using nanomaterials has aroused enormous interest. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and features of recently developed nanomaterial‐based strategies to control the nanoscale distribution of cell binding ligands and regulate cell behavior. We expect this review to inspire innovative work on manipulating cell functions by controlling the clustering of cell surface receptors.     

Modification of Nucleic Acids by Azobenzene Derivatives and Their Applications in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

Azobenzene has been widely used as a photoregulator due to its reversible photoisomerization, large structural change between E and Z isomers, high photoisomerization yield, and high chemical stability. On the other hand, some azobenzene derivatives can be used as universal quenchers for many fluorophores. Nucleic acid is a good candidate to be modified because it is not only the template of gene expression but also widely used for building well‐organized nanostructures and nanodevices. Because the size and polarity distribution of the azobenzene molecule is similar to a nucleobase pair, the introduction of azobenzene into nucleic acids has been shown to be an ingenious molecular design for constructing light‐switching biosystems or light‐driven nanomachines. Here we review recent advances in azobenzene‐modified nucleic acids and their applications for artificial regulation of gene expression and enzymatic reactions, construction of photoresponsive nanostructures and nanodevices, molecular beacons, as well as obtaining structural information using the introduced azobenzene as an internal probe. In particular, nucleic acids bearing multiple azobenzenes can be used as a novel artificial nanomaterial with merits of high sequence specificity, regular duplex structure, and high photoregulation efficiency. The combination of functional groups with biomolecules may further advance the development of chemical biotechnology and biomolecular engineering.     

Milestones in the Biochemistry of Silicon: From Basic Research to Biotechnological Applications

6.7 Gigatonnes of silicon are processed each year by marine organisms. Since it was known that silicon is an essential element for many biological systems, significant advances in the biochemistry of this element have been achieved from the classical viewpoint of silicon being a purely inorganic element. This article describes the proteins, genes, and molecular mechanisms of silicon metabolism in diatoms and sponges. These studies may help to reveal the role of silicon for optimal development and growth in many plants and animals as well as initiate the development of new technological methods for the shape-controlled production of new patterned silicone-based materials.     

A Review on Cancer Immunotherapy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Chemoimmunotherapy of Different Cancers

Clinically, different approaches are adopted worldwide for the treatment of cancer, which still ranks second among all causes of death. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has been the focus of attention in recent years, aiming for an eventual antitumoral effect through the immune system response to cancer cells both prophylactically and therapeutically. The application of nanoparticulate delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which is defined as the use of immune system features in cancer treatment, is currently the focus of research. Nanomedicines and nanoparticulate macromolecule delivery for cancer therapy is believed to facilitate selective cytotoxicity based on passive or active targeting to tumors resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Today, with more than 55 different nanomedicines in the market, it is possible to provide more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment by using nanotechnology. Cancer immunotherapy uses the body’s immune system to respond to cancer cells; however, this may lead to increased immune response and immunogenicity. Selectivity and targeting to cancer cells and tumors may lead the way to safer immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based delivery approaches that can help achieve the desired success in cancer treatment.     

多相催化中的纳米技术

“纳米热”已渗透到多相催化领域的研究中,由此产生了一个新概念——纳米催化。该文中从纳米颗粒的大小、组成及形态三个方面说明纳米催化的重要性及其本质;对两种常用的纳米催化剂制备方法（微乳液法和溶胶凝胶法）及其应用进行了评述;综述了纳米催化剂表征方面的最新进展,以便从分子水平上更好地理解纳米催化剂的构效关系。