量子反应散射的动力学李代数方法

用动力学李代数方法描述了量子反应散射问题 .对共线交换反应A BC→AB C ,得到了含有主要动力学参数的反应跃迁几率的解析表达式 .计算了共线反应散射过程H H2 (n =0 )→H2 (n′ =0 ) H的反应跃迁几率 .结果表明 ,动力学李代数方法对计算反应几率是非常有效的 .     

反应N+NH→N2+H的态-态量子动力学研究

采用在MRCI/aug-cc-pVQZ水平上构建的N₂H基态势能面, 并运用Chebyshev实波包法研究了N + NH→N₂ + H反应的量子动力学, 如反应几率、 积分截面以及产物振转态分布等. 在50~500 K温度范围内, 该反应的速率常数随着温度升高而递增, 与基于其它势能面的理论结果吻合. 然而, 在室温条件下, 所有理论计算的速率常数均显著大于实验值.     

F+H2→HF+H反应的全量子态分辨的散射动力学研究

A crossed molecular beams, state-to-state scattering study was carried out on the F+H2→HF+H reaction at the collision energy of 5.02 kJ/mol, using the highly sensitive H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. All the peaks in the TOF spectra can be clearly assigned to the ro-vibrational structures of the HF product. The forward scattering of the HF product at v′=3 has been observed. The small forward scattering of the HF product at v′=2 has also been detected. Detailed theoretical analysis is required in order to fully understand the dynamical origin of these forward scattering products at this high collision energy.     

基元化学反应态态动力学研究

化学反应动力学是化学领域最基础的学科之一,量子态分辨的基元化学反应动力学在最为基本的原子与分子的层次上对化学反应的机制提供深刻的理解。该领域的科学家们通过精心设计的实验和高精度的理论计算,使得态态反应动力学在过去的半个多世纪中取得了长足的进步,实验和理论的相互结合极大地促进了我们对化学反应本质的认识。本文从实验研究的角度,通过对实验技术的发展和对H₂O光解离、H+H₂、F+H₂、Cl+H₂、OH+H₂、F+CH₄等具体实例的态态动力学研究的简介,概况介绍了过去二十年里态态化学反应动力学研究所取得的进展,希望借此为读者提供对化学反应动力学领域的一个概略认识。     

D+HCN反应的SVRT含时波包理论研究

基于Horst的势能面,用SVRT(SemirigidVibratingRotorTarget)方法对D+HCN反应进行了含时波包动力学研究,计算得到了不同初始振转态的总反应几率和积分反应截面,采用UniformJ-shifting方法得到该反应的热速率常数.计算结果与H+HCN反应进行了比和讨论.     

H_2和D_2离解吸附量子动力学——含时波包法

用含时量子波包法研究了H2 和D2 在光滑静止表面离解吸附动力学 ,用一个修正LEPS型势能面描述H2 /Ni( 1 0 0 )体系分子与表面相互作用 .计算了不同初始振转态的三维离解几率及其动能依赖 .结果表明 :若分子转动态满足 j+m =奇数 ,低能分子离解是对称性禁阻的 .分子转动取向效应表明分子在平面内转动 (m=j)比在平面外转动 (m=0 )更有利于离解 .我们用量子力学的零点能、势垒穿透和反射效应合理地解释了振动激发增进离解以及H2 比D2 有更高离解几率的结果     

H+Cl_2→HCl+Cl体系反应几率的量子动力学计算

利用含时波包动力学方法在ＧＨＮＳ势能面上计算了总角动量Ｊ＝０时Ｈ＋Ｃｌ２体系初态确定的累积反应几率,讨论了平动能、Ｃｌ２振动和转动激发对反应几率的影响;并且讨论了Ｈ＋Ｃｌ２体系的波包运动特征．在一定的平动能范围内,Ｃｌ２的振动激发不利于反应的进行;而Ｃｌ２的转动激发特别是第一转动激发能够加快反应．这些结论和反应是早势垒反应的事实是一致的．由于Ｃｌ２是由两个较重的原子组成的,振动和转动态能级密集;同时由于是早势垒反应,能垒较低,波包在运动过程中在两侧的势垒壁之间发生多次反射致使波包发生很大范围内的干涉,需要较多的网格点才能正确地描述体系的波函数．这两个因素使得此体系的计算量较一般三原子体系要大得多．     

自由高斯波包在量子相空间中的动力学研究

在Tortes—Vega和Frederick（简称T-F）量子相空间的理论框架下,将波函数表示成相应的极化形式,给．出了量子相空间中的含时Schrodinger方程的另一种等价表示形式,并且利用这种方法数值求解了自由高斯波包在相空间中的演化行为,对得到的结果进行了讨论,以期用这种方法探索更为实际和复杂的体系在量子相空间中的演化行为。     

A Quantum Wavepacket Study of State-to-State Photodissociation Dynamics of HOBr/DOBr

Photodissociation of HOBr is an important step in the reaction network of the depletion of ozone in stratosphere. Here, we report the first three-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the lowest three singlet states for HOBr, based on high level multi reference configuration interaction calculations. Quantum dynamics calculations are performed with a real wavepacket method, yielding not only absorption spectra but also internal state and angular distributions of the photodissociation fragments. Our results agree quantitatively with the measured total absorption cross sections of HOBr in the ultraviolet region and reproduce well the observed vibrationally cold and rotationally hot OH/OD fragments via photodissociation of HOBr/DOBr at 266 nm. In addition, we predict that the recoil anisotropy parameters for OH/OD are close to the limiting value of a parallel transition, suggesting a rapid dissociation process at 266 nm following an in-plane transition from the ground state (1\begin{document}$^1$\end{document}A\begin{document}$'$\end{document}) to the 2\begin{document}$^1$\end{document}A\begin{document}$'$\end{document} state. This is consistent with the experimental conclusion derived from the measured rotational alignment. However, spin and electronic angular momenta need to be taken into account in the future to achieve a more quantitative agreement with experiment. Our work is expected to motivate further experimental investigations for this benchmark system.     

处理量子反应散射的负虚数势方法

处理量子反应散射的负虚数势方法蔡宇民，胡旭光，李前树（西安石油学院化学工程系．西安，７１００６１）（吉林大学理论化学研究所，长春，１３００２３）关键词反应散射，反应几率，光学势近年来，处理反应散射问题的各种严格的和近似的量子力学方法发展迅速［１～５］...     

Factors Affecting the Branching Ratio of Photodissociation: Thiophenol Studied through Quantum Wavepacket Dynamics

The photodissociation dynamics of thiophenol (PhSH) excited to the 1¹ππ* state was investigated by time‐dependent quantum wavepacket propagation within two‐dimensional (2D) space consisting of the S?H bond and ?SH torsion. We systematically studied the dependence of the branching ratio ${\left( {{{{\rm{\tilde A}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\rm{\tilde A}}} {{\rm{\tilde X}}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\rm{\tilde X}}}}} \right)}$ between the two electronic states of the phenylthiyl radical (PhS^.) on several factors of the 2D potential energy surfaces (PESs). The effect of a reduced initial barrier to the first ππ*/πσ* conical intersection (CI) was found to be marginal, whereas the effects of a reduced torsional barrier of ?SH on the excited ππ* state and the mitigated slope of the πσ* PES between the first (ππ*/πσ*) and the second (πσ*/S₀) CIs were noticeable. The effect of the slope on the branching ratio has never been previously noticed. It was shown that the branching ratio can be sufficiently above unity without pre‐excitation of the torsion mode of ?SH, which has been assumed so far.     

化学反应散射共振态的实验检测与理论模拟

化学反应中的散射共振态（或称反应性共振）控制着化学反应的分支比、产物的态分布及空间分布等。反应性共振的实验检测分为间接法和直接法。从理论上,一是构造反应体系的势能面,从势能面过渡态的结构来研究散射共振态;二是计算态-态反应动力学,尤其是用寿命矩阵来研究散射共振态。本文介绍反应性散射共振态的实验检测及理论模拟方法,并对今后的发展动向作出展望。     

Six-Dimensional State-to-State Quantum Dynamics of H2/D2 Scattering from Cu(100): Validity of Site-Averaging Model

Six-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations for the state-to-state scattering of H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}/D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} on the rigid Cu(100) surface have been carried out using a time-dependent wave packet approach, based on an accurate neural network potential energy surface fit for thousands of density functional theory data computed with the optPBE-vdW density functional. The present results are compared with previous theoretical and experimental ones regarding to the rovibrationally (in)elastic scattering of H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} and D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} from Cu(100). In particular, we test the validity of the site-averaging approximation in this system by which the six-dimensional (in)elastic scattering probabilities are compared with the weighted average of four-dimensional results over fifteen fixed sites. Specifically, the site-averaging model reproduces vibrationally elastic scattering probabilities quite well, though less well for vibrationally inelastic results at high energies. These results support the use of the site-averaging model to reduce computational costs in future investigations on the state-to-state scattering dynamics of heavy diatomic or polyatomic molecules from metal surfaces, where full-dimensional calculations are too expensive.     

Unraveling Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics using Femtosecond Ion Yield Spectroscopy and Photoelectron Imaging

Time-resolved photoionization is a powerful experimental approach to unravel the excited state dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules. Depending on species of the collected signals, different methods can be performed: time-resolved ion yield spectroscopy (TR-IYS) and time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TR-PEI). In this review, the essential concepts linking photoionization measurement with electronic structure are presented, together with several important breakthroughs in experimentally distinguishing the oscillating wavepacket motion between different geometries. We illustrate how femtosecond TR-IYS and TR-PEI are employed to visualize the evolution of a coherent vibrational wavepacket on the excited state surface.     

Quantum Dynamics of Li+HF/DF Reaction Investigated by a State-to-State Time-dependent Wave Packet Approach

Using the reactant coordinate based time-dependent wave packet method, on the APW potential energy surface, the differential and integral cross sections of the Li+DF/HF(v=0, j=0, 1) reactions were calculated over the collision energy range from the threshold to 0.25 eV. The initial state-specified reaction rate constants of the title reaction were also calculated. The results indicate that, compared with the Li+DF reaction, the product LiF of Li+HF reaction is a little more rotationally excited but essentially similar. The initial rotational excitation from j=0 to 1 has little effect on the Li+DF reaction. However, the rotational excitation of DF does result in a little more rotationally excited product LiF. The different cross section of both reactions is forward biased in the studied collision energy range, especially at relatively high collision energy. The resonances in the Li+HF reaction may be identifiable as the oscillations in the product ro-vibrational state-resolved integral cross sections and backward scattering as a function of collusion energy. For the Li+HF reaction, the rate constant is not sensitive to the temperature and almost has no change in the temperature range considered. For the Li+DF reaction, the rate constant increase by a factor of about 10 in the temperature range of 100?300 K. Brief comparison for the total reaction probabilities and integral cross section of the Li+HF reaction has been carried out between ours and the values reported previously. The agreement is good, and the difference should come from the better convergence of our present calculations.     

Time‐dependent quantum study of H(2S) + FO(2Π) → OH(2Π) + F(2P) reaction on the 13A′ and 13A″ states

The dynamics of the H(²S) + FO(²Π) → OH(²Π) + F(²P) reaction on the adiabatic potential energy surface of the 1³A′ and 1³A″ states is investigated. The initial state selected reaction probabilities for total angular momentum J = 0 have been calculated by using the quantum mechanical real wave packet method. The integral cross sections and initial state selected reaction rate constants have been obtained from the corresponding J = 0 reaction probabilities by means of the simple J‐Shifting technique. The initial state‐selected reaction probabilities and reaction cross section do not manifest any sharp oscillations and the initial state selected reaction rate constants are sensitive to the temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010