BiVO4/SBA-15光催化氧化脱硫性能

采用水热后合成法制备了BiVO_4/SBA-15可见光催化剂,通过XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、UV-vis进行表征分析。在自制光催化装置中采用400W金卤灯照射,进行光催化氧化模拟柴油脱硫研究,考察了反应条件对脱硫的影响。结果表明,BiVO_4/SBA-15催化剂保持了SBA-15分子筛的介孔结构,在脱硫反应中有良好的催化活性,当BiVO_4/SBA-15用量为15g/L、n(O)/n(S)=2.0、60℃下反应4h,剂油比为1∶1时,模拟柴油脱硫率达到95.58%。     

硅烷偶联剂改性SBA-15固载Keggin型杂多酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)表面改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,制备了一系列介孔分子筛/硅烷偶联剂@杂多酸复合催化剂SBA-15/MEMO@HnXW12O40(X=P⁵+,Si⁴⁺,B³⁺;n=3,4,5),并利用FTIR、P-XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附对其结构进行表征。以SBA-15/MEMO@HnXW12O40(X=P⁵⁺,Si⁴⁺,B³⁺;n=3,4,5)为负载型杂多酸催化剂对柠檬酸三丁酯的催化合成进行研究,分别考察了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯酯化率的影响,并获得合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当负载型硅钨酸催化剂的负载量为50%、催化剂用量为3.8%、酸醇摩尔比为1∶4、反应温度为140℃、反应时间为6 h、环己烷用量为5 mL时酯化率可达97.56%,重复使用7次后酯化率仍可达62.67%。     

介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41接枝三甲基氯化锡的合成、表征及催化性能

将三甲基氯化锡与Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛在N2气气氛中135 ℃回流4.5 h,得到表面键合有机锡的分子筛(CH3)3Sn-O-MCM-41[(CH3)3SnM]。 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、有机元素分析、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、热重分析（TG）、NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）、X射线多晶衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜等测试技术对样品的组成、结构和表面物理化学性质进行表征。 结果表明,有机锡接枝率可达14.44%;接枝前后分子筛的NH3-TPD表面酸量(NH3)由0.652 6 mmol/g增加至1.294 4 mmol/g。 接枝后分子筛的比表面积减小,孔容变大,孔径变小,仍保持六方介孔结构;接枝分子筛(CH3)3SnM用于催化合成乙酸异戊酯,当n(异戊醇)∶n（冰乙酸）=1.0∶1.0,w（催化剂）=5%,138 ℃,回流5 h,反应转化率为96%;催化剂重复使用5次,酯化转化率仍可达到86%。     

催化剂Ce-SO_4~(2-)/SBA-15的固相合成及其催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用固相研磨法将Ce和SO42-同时掺杂在SBA-15中,合成了Ce-SO42-/SBA-15负载型催化剂(Cat)。用IR,XRD,TEM,低温N2吸附-脱附,TG和NH3-TPD等方法对Cat的结构性质及其表面酸性进行了研究。结果表明,Cat保持高度有序的一维六方介孔结构,且具有弱酸中心和中强酸中心。用Hammett指示剂法测得其表面酸强度为0.99~1.80,表明Cat为固体酸。将Cat用于催化合成乙酸正丁酯,正交实验结果表明:在冰乙酸0.126 mol,n(冰乙酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1.0∶1.2,Cat 375 mg,回流反应140 min的较佳反应条件下,酯化率达97.45%。     

低浓度液体酸介质中快速合成SBA-15分子筛

通过在低浓度无机液体酸介质中添加少量磷钼酸(HPMo), 成功地合成了高度有序的SBA-15介孔分子筛. N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM和水热稳定性实验等检测结果表明: 用这种方法不仅可以大幅度降低合成SBA-15分子筛所需液体酸的用量和缩短晶化时间, 同时反应产物SBA-15在100 ℃的水中处理72 h后仍然保持六方有序的介孔结构.     

金属有机框架@介孔分子筛复合材料的构建和性质

通过蒸汽诱导内部水解法(VIH)在介孔分子筛SBA-15孔壁上引入Al_2O_3,合成得到Al_2O_3@SBA-15复合物,随后与对二苯甲酸配体反应,从而制备得到金属有机框架化合物(MIL-53)与介孔分子筛(SBA-15)复合材料(MIL-53@SBA-15)。采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、N_2吸附-脱附测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术证明成功合成了MIL-53@SBA-15复合材料。染料吸附实验结果表明,MIL-53@SBA-15复合材料相比于SBA-15、MIL-53及其物理混合样品,表现出对丁基罗丹明染料更高效吸附特性。     

SBA-15固载脯氨酸催化剂的制备及其在不对称Mannich反应中的应用

以4-羟基-L-脯氨酸为原料合成了脯氨酸衍生物,并将其固载于介孔SBA-15分子筛上制备了Pro/SBA-15催化剂.用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和红外光谱等手段对Pro/SBA-15催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在不对称Mannich反应中的催化性能.结果表明,固载脯氨酸不影响SBA-15的有序介孔结构,只是其孔径、孔体积和BET比表面积有所减小,在不对称Mannich反应中具有较高的催化活性和对映选择性.与均相催化相比,以对硝基苯甲醛为反应物时可得到较高的分离收率(80%)和中等的对映选择性(ee=60%).催化剂通过简单分离后可重复使用4次以上,其催化性能基本保持不变.     

乙醇制1,3-丁二烯MgO/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法制备了新型负载型MgO/SBA-15催化剂,采用低温N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、²⁹Si核磁共振(²⁹Si NMR)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等表征手段研究了不同MgO负载量(质量分数)对催化剂的结构、物化性能和催化乙醇合成丁二烯反应活性的影响。 研究结果表明,MgO负载量为20%时,所制备的催化剂的活性最好,此时MgO高度分散在载体SBA-15的有序孔道中,形成了Mg-O-Si结构,有利于提高目标产物丁二烯的选择性。 该催化剂在温度350 ℃、进料质量空速2.64 h^-1的反应条件下,可获得最佳催化效果,乙醇转化率最高可达55.8%,丁二烯选择性可达80.2%。 MgO/SBA-15催化剂在乙醇法生产丁二烯工艺中具有潜在的应用前景。     

氨基功能化SBA-15的直接合成及其对CO_2的吸附性能研究

通过直接法合成了氨基功能化SBA-15介孔材料。使用X-射线粉末衍射法(XRD),N2吸-脱附,透射电子显微(TEM)等技术对氨基功能化材料进行了表征。实验结果表明:当反应原料中nAPTES/(nAPTES+nTEOS)≤0.20时,APTES功能化的材料都具有典型的介孔SBA-15结构;但当nAPTES/(nAPTES+nTEOS)≥0.225时,由于氨基对SBA-15结构的副作用导致SBA-15介孔结构坍塌。在氟离子辅助合成下可以获得高含量氨基(反应原料中nAPTES/(nAPTES+nTEOS)的比值为0.25)功能化的SBA-15材料,且此材料中的介孔孔径和BET比表面积都较大。CO2吸附结果表明,随着反应原料中APTES含量提高,所合成的材料对CO2的吸附量相应增加,同时在101kPa和25℃下,通过氟离子辅助合成的材料对CO2的吸附量远远优于无氟离子辅助合成材料的。本研究还对后嫁接法和直接合成法获得氨基功能化SBA-15介孔材料的优缺点进行了讨论。     

Cu-Zn-Zr/SBA-15介孔催化剂的制备及CO2加氢合成甲醇的催化性能

以具有骨架结构的SBA-15介孔分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法合成了具有高比表面积、不同金属氧化物含量的Cu-Zn-Zr介孔催化剂CZZx/SBA-15(x=0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6).采用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2吸附(CO2-TPD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品进行了表征.在固定床反应器上评价了其CO2加氢合成甲醇的催化性能.实验结果表明,CZZx/SBA-15催化剂具有介孔结构,负载的Cu O,Zn O和Zr O2能够很好地分散在表面,并且负载氧化物晶粒尺寸不同.催化剂的铜比表面积SCu与甲醇催化活性呈近似线性关系,其中CZZ0.4/SBA-15催化剂表现出最大甲醇选择性(54.32%),与CZZ相比,甲醇选择性增加24.85%.随着金属氧化物负载量的增大,催化剂比表面积和SCu明显减小,甲醇选择性与收率也相应减小,负载型CZZx/SBA-15催化剂表面结构对CO2加氢合成甲醇反应活性起关键作用.     

Nafion功能化介孔催化剂上苯甲醚/苯甲酰氯酰基化反应研究

苯甲醚/苯甲酰氯的酰基化产物4-甲氧基二苯甲酮是多种精细化工产品的重要中间体. 本工作主要介绍了Nafion负载型SBA-15, SBA-16及Me-SBA-15介孔超强酸催化剂的制备及其在苯甲醚/苯甲酰氯酰基化反应中的应用. 实验结果表明, 单位时间单位Nafion活性位上的苯甲酰氯转化数高于传统HBeta沸石和硫酸氧化锆, 且载量的增加能显著提高酰基化催化性能. 甲基修饰的Me-SBA-15介孔材料明显改善了催化剂表面的疏水性能, 有效减缓了多聚芳烃副产物的生成, 反应的转化率得到大幅提高. 相对一维孔道结构的介孔SBA-15而言, 三维笼状结构的SBA-16对反应物及产物分子具有更好的扩散性能, 该结构优势由酰基化反应的高初始活性得以充分体现. 在整个反应过程中, 该类催化剂对4-甲氧基二苯甲酮具有专一的选择性.     

Deprotonative metalation of substituted aromatics using mixed lithium-cobalt combinations

The deprotonation of anisole was attempted using different homo- and heteroleptic TMP/Bu mixed lithium-cobalt combinations. Using iodine to intercept the metalated anisole, an optimization of the reaction conditions showed that in THF at room temperature 2 equiv of base were required to suppress the formation of the corresponding 2,2′-dimer. The origin of the dimer was not identified, but its formation was favored with allyl bromide as electrophile. The metalated anisole was efficiently trapped using iodine, anisaldehyde, and chlorodiphenylphosphine, and moderately employing benzophenone, and benzoyl chloride. 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene were similarly converted regioselectively to the corresponding iodides. It was observed that 2-methoxy- and 2,6-dimethoxypyridine were more prone to dimerization than the corresponding benzenes when treated similarly. Involving ethyl benzoate in the metalation-iodination sequence showed that the method was not suitable to functionalize substrates bearing reactive functions.     

Synthesis,characterization, and catalytic performance of single-site iron(III) centers on the surface of SBA-15 silica

A new molecular precursor strategy has been used to prepare a series of single-site catalysts that possess isolated iron centers supported on mesoporous SBA-15 silica. The iron centers were introduced via grafting reactions of the tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy iron(III) complex Fe[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](3)(THF) with SBA-15 in dry hexane. This complex reacts cleanly with the hydroxyl groups of SBA-15 to eliminate HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3) (as monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy) with formation of isolated surface species of the type identical with SiO-Fe-[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](2)(THF). In this way, up to 21% of the hydroxyl sites on SBA-15 were derivatized (0.23 Fe nm(-)(2)), and iron loadings in the range of 0.0-1.90% were achieved. The structure of the surface-bound iron species, as determined by spectroscopic methods (electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-vis, and in situ infrared measurements) and by elemental analyses, contains a pseudotetrahedral iron(III) center. The THF ligand of this surface-bound complex was quantitatively displaced by acetonitrile (by (1)H NMR spectroscopy). Calcination of these materials at 300 degrees C for 2 h under oxygen resulted in removal of all organic matter and site-isolated iron surface species that are stable to condensation to iron oxide clusters. Spectroscopic data (UV-vis and EPR) suggest that the iron centers retain a mononuclear, pseudotetrahedral iron(III) structure after calcination. The calcinated, iron-grafted SBA-15 materials exhibit high selectivities as catalysts for oxidations of alkanes, alkenes, and arenes, with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant.     

Silica-supported,single-site titanium catalysts for olefin epoxidation. A molecular precursor strategy for control of catalyst structure

A molecular precursor approach involving simple grafting procedures was used to produce site-isolated titanium-supported epoxidation catalysts of high activity and selectivity. The tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy titanium complexes Ti[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](4) (TiSi4), ((i)PrO)Ti[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](3) (TiSi3), and ((t)BuO)(3)TiOSi(O(t)Bu)(3) (TiSi) react with the hydroxyl groups of amorphous Aerosil, mesoporous MCM-41, and SBA-15 via loss of HO(t)Bu and/or HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3) and introduction of titanium species onto the silica surface. Powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, infrared, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopies were used to investigate the structures and chemical natures of the surface-bound titanium species. The titanium species exist mainly in isolated, tetrahedral coordination environments. Increasing the number of siloxide ligands in the molecular precursor decreases the amount of titanium that can be introduced this way, but also enhances the catalytic activity and selectivity for the epoxidation of cyclohexene with cumene hydroperoxide as oxidant. In addition, the high surface area mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and SBA-15) are more effective than amorphous silica as supports for these catalysts. Supporting TiSi3 on the SBA-15 affords highly active cyclohexene epoxidation catalysts (0.25-1.77 wt % Ti loading) that provide turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 500-1500 h(-1) after 1 h (TOFs are reduced by about half after calcination). These results demonstrate that oxygen-rich siloxide complexes of titanium are useful as precursors to supported epoxidation catalysts.     

Synthesis and characterization of P4VP/SBA-15 composite by in situ polymerization

Abstract  

Poly(4-vinylpyridine)/SBA-15 (P4VP/SBA-15) composites with various amounts of SBA-15 were prepared and characterized. The physical and chemical properties of P4VP/SBA-15 were investigated by XRD, BET, FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques. The catalytic performance of each material was determined for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between carbonyl compounds and ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of water as a solvent. The effects of reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst, amount of support, solvent, and the amount of benzoyl peroxide during the synthesis of P4VP/SBA-15 were investigated, as well as the recyclability of the heterogeneous composite. The catalyst used for this synthetically useful transformation showed a considerable level of reusability as well as very good activity. This reaction occurred rapidly when water was used as a solvent, so we assume it to be a green reaction.     

Deprotonative metalation of aromatic compounds using mixed lithium–iron combinations

The deprotonation of 2-methoxypyridine was attempted using putative (TMP)₃FeLi prepared from different iron sources. Using iodine to intercept the metalated 2-methoxypyridine, the best result was obtained from FeBr₂ (1 equiv) using THF at room temperature; nevertheless, in addition to the expected iodide, the corresponding 2,2′-dimer was obtained (86% total yield). The origin of the competitive formation of the 2,2′-dimer was not identified but mechanisms were suggested to explain its formation. It was observed that the nature of the electrophile employed to trap the 3-metalated 2-methoxypyridine has a strong impact on this dimer formation, the latter being favored using iodine (35% yield), but also benzophenone (28%), benzoyl chloride (22%), methyl iodide (27%), allyl bromide (15%), benzyl bromide (41%), and tetramethylthiuram disulphide (36%); for this reason, the yields of the expected derivatives were only 51, 15, 62, 0, <5, 18, and 0%, respectively. In contrast, using aldehydes readily led to the expected pyridine alcohols without dimerization (59% yield using 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 66% yield using pivalaldehyde). 2,6-Dimethoxypyridine (in 68% yield), anisole (47%), 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine (50% at C5 and 3% at C6), 2-fluoropyridine (64%), and thiophene (49%) were similarly converted into the corresponding alcohols after subsequent trapping with pivalaldehyde. Using iodine to trap the 2-metalated anisole did not lead to dimer formation, and 2-iodoanisole was isolated in 71% yield.     

Metallic nickel supported on mesoporous silica as catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation: effect of pore size and structure

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole, a methoxy-rich lignin-derived bio-oil model compound, was carried out over a series of Ni-containing (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) catalysts with commercial silica and ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 as support. Both supports and catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, CO chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalytic reaction was performed at 250 °C and 10 bar H₂ pressure. Depending on the catalyst support used and the content of active metal, the catalytic activity and product distribution changed drastically. Increase of the nickel loading resulted in increased anisole conversion and C₆ hydrocarbon (benzene and cyclohexane) yield. However, loading more Ni than 20 wt% resulted in a decrease of both conversion and C₆ yield due to agglomeration of Ni particles. In addition, Ni/SBA-15 samples exhibited much stronger catalytic activity and selectivity toward C₆ hydrocarbon products compared with Ni/silica catalysts. The differences in catalytic activity among these catalysts can be attributed to the effect of the pore size and pore structure of mesoporous SBA-15. SBA-15 can accommodate more Ni species inside channels than conventional silica due to its high pore volume with uniform pore structure, leading to high HDO catalytic activity.     

Study of the benzylation of benzene and other aromatics by benzyl chloride over transition metal chloride supported mesoporous SBA-15 catalysts

The benzylation of benzene by benzyl chloride to diphenylmethane over FeCl₃, InCl₃, GaCl₃, ZnCl₂, CuCl₂ and NiCl₂ supported on mesoporous SBA-15 at 353 K has been investigated. The redox property due to the impregnation of the SBA-15 by transition metal chloride seems to play a very important role in the benzene benzylation process. Among the catalysts, the FeCl₃/SBA-15 showed both high conversation and high selectivity for the benzylation of benzene. The activity of these catalysts for the benzylation of different aromatic compounds is in the following order: benzene > toluene > p-xylene > anisole. More interesting is the observation that this catalyst is always active and selective for large molecules like naphthenic compounds such as methoxynaphthalene and he can also be reused in the benzylation of benzene for several times. Kinetics of the benzene benzylation over these catalysts have also been investigated.     

二次嫁接法合成多金属氧酸盐/介孔分子筛杂化材料

合成了表面含有SiOH基团的钨磷酸盐衍生物(Bu4N)3PW11O39[O(SiOH)2] (TBAPW11Si2), 并通过其与纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15表面SiOH的缩合反应, 将TBAPW11Si2二次嫁接到SBA-15的介孔孔道中, 得到了TBAPW11Si2/SBA-15介孔杂化材料. 表征结果显示, 孔内TBAPW11Si2的Keggin结构保留完整, 并与孔壁共价键联. 样品仍保持六方对称的孔阵结构, 但孔道部分被堵, 孔容、孔径、比表面积下降. 该杂化样品对甲基橙的光催化降解不仅显示高催化活性, 而且由于键联的多金属氧酸盐在水溶液中的抗浸取能力强, 催化剂的使用寿命大大延长.     

沸石分子筛催化苯甲醚与苯甲酰氯的苯甲酰化反应

分别采用五种H型沸石在无溶剂条件下催化了苯甲醚与苯甲酰氯的苯甲酰化合成4-甲氧基二苯甲酮.各种沸石的酸中心分布和孔道结构各不相同,使其表现出不同的催化效果.Hβ沸石的三维孔道和集中的中强酸中心为反应提供了适宜的条件,使苯甲酰氯的转化率和4-甲氧基二苯甲酮的选择性分别可达99.5%和91.2%.Pyrid ine-FT-IR结果表明B酸中心为H型沸石主要酸中心,H+为催化活性点;NH3-TPD谱图表明中强酸中心是苯甲酰化反应的合适酸中心,据此提出了H型沸石催化苯甲醚苯甲酰基化的反应机理.