送风与辐射组合末端供冷舒适性与均匀性研究

利用CFD仿真技术,对卧式明装风机盘管与辐射地板的空调末端组合进行了供冷模拟研究,分析了风机盘管送风状态、辐射末端表面温度等参数对室内温湿度环境、均匀度及舒适性的影响规律。模拟结果表明:送风与地板辐射末端组合在保证室内符合国家标准的舒适度要求时,能维持较好的热环境均匀度;送风风速不宜过大,否则会造成吹风感强烈;为防止结露和保证舒适性,送风相对湿度要低于70%;送风温度增加导致室内温度增加幅度较大,地板表面温度增加导致室内温度增加幅度较小,即室内温度对送风温度变化更加敏感;当地板表面温度增加时,室内温度和相对湿度的均匀性得到改善,舒适性提高,且结露风险大大降低,因此在满足舒适性要求的情况下,建议适当增加地板表面温度。     

利用卷积网络的高速列车主观声品质预测

随着高速列车在中国的高速发展,乘客对舒适性的要求不断提高。因此高速列车内声学舒适性是一个需要研究和解决的问题。首先,该文基于声学人工头设备,获取了高速列车行驶在350 km/h速度下不同车厢、不同区域的双耳噪声样本,并对其分别开展了主观声学评价和基于响度、尖锐度、粗糙度和抖动度等参数的客观声品质分析。结果表明,350 km/h速度下高速列车车内噪声能量集中在3000 Hz以内,风挡区域是舒适性评价较差的位置,而响度是影响主观评价最大的因素。其次,利用卷积神经网络算法将主观评价结果与高速列车噪声样本相关联,建立了车内噪声主观声品质预测模型,并与基于BP神经网络的预测模型进行了对比。结果表明,基于卷积神经网络的主观声品质预测模型具有更高的预测精度,更适宜用于指导高速列车车内声学舒适性的优化设计。     

汽车行驶中的振动及乘坐舒适性

不平路面将激起汽车的振动．本文用规则振动理论分析汽车行驶中的振动以及乘坐舒适性．     

汽车行驶中的振动及乘坐舒适性

不平路面将激起汽车的振动．本文用规则振动理论分析汽车行驶中的振动以及乘坐舒适性．     

加加速度（加速度的时间变化率）——冲击、乘座舒适性、缓和曲线

介绍加加速度（加速度的时间变化率）及其在冲击、乘座舒适性和缓和曲线等问题中的应用。     

基于神经元电响应的人体热舒适性评价理论

本文提出一种利用神经元电响应频率定量评价人体热舒适性的理论方法和准则。利用Hodgkin-Huxley方程和Pennes生物传热方程描述皮下神经元在瞬态温度场下的电响应特性,并研究了环境温度、对流换热系数,血液灌注率和组织导热率等参数对它的影响,结果表明神经元动作电位频率在等效温度发生0.1℃时就会发生明显变化,可以组合多个环境和热物性参数评价人体热舒适性。     

卧室节能空调和取暖方案的模拟研究

分别对卧室房间两种空调方案进行模拟研究,比较它们的舒适性和能耗情况找出夏季优质节能空调方案。为避免冬季空调高风速、大风量、大温差、高能耗的特征,提出改进的冬季取暖方案。模拟结果及相关分析说明了在满足人体睡眠舒适性的条件下,分别使用方案一的夏季空调方案和改进的冬季取暖方案时的能耗约为传统空调能耗的40%。并对此节能空调和取暖方式的研究进行了技术展望。     

纳米药水制造超级防弹衣

自战争出现以来,防弹衣的研发就从未停息,人们一直在防弹衣的防护性和舒适性之间寻找平衡,希望它能既刀枪不入、又轻便柔韧。     

汽车座椅局部散热除湿研究

车内空气的温度和相对湿度是影响人体舒适性的重要因素。特别是在高温条件下,高湿对人体的影响更加明显。使用计算流体力学和计算传热学的方法,对座椅和人体接触面温湿度较高的问题进行分析。根据人体及汽车座椅的相关尺寸,建立座椅的计算模型,然后进行数值计算。从改变结构的方面考虑解决问题的途径,即在座椅与人体接触面下开槽,并强制通风。使用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟,选择k-ε模型求解温度场和湿度场。计算结果表明,这种方法可以降低汽车座椅与人接触区域的温度和相对湿度,提高局部热舒适性。所得数据为车室内人体局部热舒适性评价提供理论依据。     

基于模糊PID的助行机器人调速系统的研究

助行机器人对系统的动态特性要求较高,而且在其爬楼的过程中有诸多不确定的因素,基于传统控制策略的单闭环负反馈控制系统调速效果难以令人满意。在这种情况下建立了系统的数学模型,设计了基于模糊PID的双闭环调速控制系统,并和传统的PID控制进行了对比。为了保证助行机器人爬楼过程的平稳性和乘坐者的舒适性,参考电梯运行的速度曲线,设计了正弦速度给定曲线。仿真结果表明：在助行机器人调速系统中,模糊PID控制比传统PID控制启动和制动过程更平稳,舒适性更高,误差更小,精度更高。     

Acoustic comfort on board ships: An evaluation based on a questionnaire

An initial attempt has been made to understand factors that determine acoustic comfort for cruise ship passengers. Although no literature directly pertinent to the question could be found, use of elements from studies on railways coaches in a questionnaire administered to shipbuilder and sub-contractor professionals on board during sea trials was judged a relevant initial approach. The questionnaire, consisting of closed questions followed by open questions, was drawn up to assess acoustic comfort in relation to others factors (such as temperature or light) and to identify the main conditions causing acoustic discomfort. During two sea trials 100 questionnaires were completed. Acoustics, then temperature, are pointed out as the first two comfort criteria and the priorities for improvement. Creaking and squeaking noises, noise of engines and whistles from HVAC are the main reported causes of annoyance. The results of the investigation demonstrate the prominent role of acoustics in respect of ship-board comfort.     

基于眼动仪评价配镜舒适程度的实验研究

寻找基于眼动仪记录的眼动数据评价配镜镜片舒适度的方法。受试者佩戴眼动仪进行实验,记录眼动参数变化,并进行舒适度主观评价。比较不同眼动参数与舒适度评价结果的相关性,并用二次多项式函数、指数函数、傅里叶逼近等拟合镜片舒适度评价,根据拟合效果选择合适的配镜舒适度评价模型。实验结果表明二次多项式拟合得到的模型效果最佳,可以较好的判定配镜的舒适程度,平均精确度可达到90.95%,实现配镜舒适度的快速、准确评价,为医生或配镜师评价患者试戴舒适度提供一种新的参考方法。     

基于声舒适度的地下餐饮空间声级阈研究

为了确定地下餐饮空间内使用者主观声舒适度可接受时的声压级阈值范围,本文选取典型的封闭式地下餐饮空间作为研究对象,采用实地问卷与实测相结合的方法进行调研。结果表明:地下餐饮空间内整体环境舒适度主观评价偏低,声舒适度评价与整体环境舒适度评价具有强相关性,因此声环境是影响地下餐饮空间内整体环境舒适度的因素。在影响主观声舒适度评价的客观指标中,混响时间可不作为主要影响因素考虑;而背景噪声声压级是影响地下餐饮空间内声舒适度主观评价的重要指标。使用者声舒适度为可接受时,地下餐饮空间内背景噪声声压级阈值为70-75 dB(A)。     

Acoustic comfort evaluation in urban open public spaces

This paper presents the results of an intensive questionnaire survey and objective measurements on soundscape, aiming at the evaluation of acoustic comfort in urban open public spaces. From summer 2001 to spring 2002, 9200 interviews were made for four seasons in 14 urban open public spaces across Europe. The results suggest that the subjective evaluation of the sound level generally relates well with the mean L_eq, especially when the sound level is below a certain level, which is 73 dBA on the basis of this study. However, considerable differences have been found between the subjective evaluation of the sound level and the acoustic comfort evaluation: people tend to show more tolerance in terms of acoustic comfort evaluation. The background sound level has been found to be an important index in evaluating soundscape in urban open public spaces - a lower background level tends to make people feel quieter. Analyses of individual sound elements show that the acoustic comfort evaluation is greatly affected by the sound source type - introducing a pleasant sound can considerably improve the acoustic comfort, even when its sound level is rather high. No significant difference was found among different age groups in terms of subjective evaluation of a sound level, whereas in terms of acoustic comfort, there were significant differences.     

Acoustic comfort in large dining spaces

This study carried out a questionnaire field investigation in two typical large dining spaces. The results suggest that the acoustic comfort of diners has an influence on the comfort evaluation of the overall dining environment, and background noise is an important factor affecting the acoustic comfort evaluation of diners. The role of various individual sound sources in background noise has been investigated, considering general background music, speech sound, activity sound, and mechanical noise, and it has been revealed that background music, other diners’ speech sound and tableware’s impact sound has a dominant impact on the acoustic comfort evaluation of diners. Compared with the existence of background music in background noise, diners’ acoustic comfort evaluation is higher than that without background music. The loudness, articulation, noise level and preference degree of various individual sound sources are factors which affect diners’ acoustic comfort evaluation on sound sources. In terms of demographic and social factors, gender and the frequency of dining out have a significant impact on diners’ acoustic comfort evaluation.     

A factorial analysis for the determination of an optimal train speed with a desired ride comfort

A new method of optimization of the N_MV is proposed. The comfort index N_MV was measured and analyzed in research carried out for the Greek Railway network. Factorial analysis was used for the calculation of the effect of each factor on the comfort index N_MV. ISO 2631-1 standards were also involved in this study for the design of the equivalent vibration dose lines as a function of the N_MV and the exposure time. Using the factorial model, the N_MV index for different values of a train’s speed and rail condition was predicted. Finally, an optimum speed value, as regards acceptable passenger comfort, was obtained by using the equal vibration dose lines.     

基于深度神经网络的镜片佩戴舒适度研究

为了客观评价镜片佩戴舒适度,研究设计眼动实验,利用眼动仪采集并分析眼动数据,提出"眼睑间距变动百分比"作为镜片佩戴舒适度评价指标之一,再结合其他传统眼动指标,设计了一种基于深度神经网络的镜片佩戴舒适度评价模型.结果 表明提出的眼睑间距变动百分比指标用于评价镜片佩戴舒适度具有良好的效果,最终构建的深度神经网络模型预测准确...     

使用者的社会因素对地下商业街主观响度和声舒适度影响的调查研究

前人研究表明主观响度和声舒适度由实际环境中的众多因素决定,而不是仅受声压级的影响。本文在对地下商业街声场和声源特性进行调查与分析的基础上,针对使用者的社会因素对主观响度和声舒适度的影响,在哈尔滨的几个典型地下商业街进行了大量问卷调查,并运用相关统计方法对结果进行了分析。研究表明,收入和职业与主观响度存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.4之间,学历、收入和职业与主观声舒适度亦存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.6之间。虽然性别对主观响度和主观声舒适度无显著性影响,但是女性对这两者的主观感觉评分范围比男性宽。年龄段与主观响度和声舒适度的相关性不显著,但是不同地下商业街有的年龄段对主观响度和声舒适度的感受有区别。职业对于主观声舒适度的影响的本质是源于收入和学历对于主观声舒适度的作用,并且收入对于主观声舒适度的影响要大于学历的影响。这些结果可以增加对地下商业街声景的了解,并且为建立地下商业街声景预测模型提供了基础。     

Analysis of human-induced vibrations in a lightweight framework

This article analyzes the vibratory behavior of a Material-Composed Sandwich (MCS) framework for residential buildings. It has been observed qualitatively that the use of this kind of framework leads to poor comfort levels. The goal of this study is to find out the sources of this lack of comfort, in order to suggest guidelines that can enhance the performance of the MCS framework, without jeopardizing its advantages with respect to the traditional frameworks.     

基于立体舒适度的立体图像感知距离估计

提出了一种基于立体舒适度的双目图像感知距离估计方法.首先,推导双目立体图像的立体深度;然后进行主观实验获取实际人眼感知到的深度,分析其与立体深度间的差异;最后,将立体舒适度作为生理因素,建立感知距离、立体深度与视觉舒适度之间的关联关系,并得出感知距离的计算模型.在IVY公共数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明:当视觉舒适度值较高时,模型预测值的平均绝对值误差与均方根误差较主观评测值分别减少了0.0049、0.0073;而当视觉舒适度值较低时,平均绝对值误差与均方根误差分别减少了0.0721、0.0594.本模型结果更接近人类主观感知到的深度.