火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铼产品中的痕量钠

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高铼酸、高铼酸铵、铼粉中痕量钠的方法,对样品的预处理和测定钠的条件进行了研究。结果表明:水溶解法、硝酸溶解法或硝酸-硫酸溶解法溶解样品完全,测得钠的结果吻合;于选定条件下,钠的测定浓度在0.020 0~0.500 0μg/mL范围内线性良好;测定高铼酸、高铼酸铵和铼粉样品中0.27~0.47mg/L、0.000047%~0.00048%和0.000040%~0.00049%的钠含量,检出限、相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)、加标回收率分别为高铼酸3×10-4μg/mL、6%~10%、98%~102%,高铼酸铵3×10-4μg/mL、8%~9%、96%~102%和铼粉3×10-4μg/mL、5%~9%、96%~103%。方法结果准确、分析快速、操作简便,应用于实际的样品分析,结果满意。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定UHMWPE中铝、钙、钛

建立微波消解样品、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时检测外科植入物用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）中铝、钙、钛3种杂质元素的分析方法。取0.50 g样品，加入5 mL硝酸和1 mL过氧化氢，于180℃微波消解15 min，以钪（45Sc）为内标，用ICP-MS法同时测定外科植入物用UHMWPE中杂质元素铝、钙、钛的含量。该方法对铝、钙、钛元素的测定具有良好的线性关系，相关系数均不小于0.999 6，检出限为0.10～0.14 mg/kg，样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%～3.6%(n=7)，样品加标回收率为97.3%～101.3%。该方法适用于测定UHMWPE中杂质元素含量。     

二苯硫脲-醋酸丁酯萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银进行了研究。样品经盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸溶解,在盐酸(1.2mol/L)介质中用醋酸丁酯萃取银与二苯硫脲螯合物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银,方法检出限为0.011ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为6.0%¹2.2%,加标回收率为96.00%12.2%,加标回收率为96.00%¹05.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02105.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02⁵μg/g范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

新型分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中银

采用基于正辛醇为萃取剂的新型分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中银的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)萃取剂正辛醇的用量为0.30mL;(2)2g·L~(-1)对称二苯基硫脲(络合剂)乙醇溶液的用量为1.0mL;(3)分散剂乙醇的用量为10mL;(4)样品溶液的pH为3.0~7.0;(5)灰化温度为500℃;(6)原子化温度为1 700℃。银的质量浓度在0.02~0.50μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为4.7pg。方法应用于地质样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为3.2%~6.8%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锑矿石中14种元素的含量

锑矿石样品(0.100 0g)加入盐酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸5 mL,氢氟酸5 mL,高氯酸0.5mL和硫酸(1+1)溶液1mL的混酸体系,加热(200℃)分解,蒸发至近干时,冷却,加入盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合酸10mL,加热至盐类完全溶解,冷却,用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+36)混合液稀释至50mL。此溶液可供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定14种元素,并选择了合适的分析谱线。部分微量元素分析谱线的光谱干扰,运用背景扣除或干扰元素校正系数法等予以校准。测得各元素的检出限[3s×500(稀释因子)]为0.81~123μg·g-1。按上述方法测定CRM(GBW07174),其相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.51%~7.1%。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定银基合金中锂

提出了用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定银基合金中锂的含量。取试样0.1000g用硝酸(1+1)溶液10mL和2滴氢氟酸加热溶解稀释至50.0mL,取上述溶液10.0mL用去离子水定容至50mL,在优化的仪器工作条件下进行测定。采用基体匹配法消除了基体银的干扰。方法的检出限(3s)为1.2μg·L~(-1)。方法用于分析银基合金试样,测得结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于0.6%,并做回收试验,所得回收率在96.7%～106.0%之间。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海木耳中3种重金属

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了海木耳中3种重金属(铜、铅和镉)。将海木耳样品去柄后剪碎并在烘箱中烘干至恒重,称取干燥样品1.0000g,分次用硝酸-高氯酸(9+1)混合酸10mL消解至溶解完全,定容至10mL,用FAAS按选定的仪器工作条件测定其中的铜、铅和镉量。对同一样品的上述3元素作5次平行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差依次为2.0%,3.2%及2.5%。用标准加入法测得方法的回收率为95.4%(铜),95.3%(铅)及103.0%(镉)。在测定结果中除铜量外,铅量及镉量均分别超过国家标准规定允许量的34.3倍和13.9倍。     

二苯硫脲-醋酸丁酯萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银进行了研究。样品经盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸溶解,在盐酸(1.2mol/L)介质中用醋酸丁酯萃取银与二苯硫脲螯合物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银,方法检出限为0.011ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为6.0%~12.2%,加标回收率为96.00%~105.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02~5μg/g范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

同时溶解和ICP-AES同时测定铜基锡银焊料中的锡和银

提出了简单、快速地同时溶解及测定铜基锡银焊料中锡银的新方法.合金样品经2 g酒石酸和8 mL稀硝酸溶解后,用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪法（ICP-AES）同时测定溶液中的锡和银.回收率为98%-102%,RSD为0.9%-2.1%.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定高钛型钒渣中铬、钴、镍、镓、钪、锆的含量北大核心CSCD

高钛型钒渣样品1.000 0 g置于250 mL烧杯中,用水5 mL冲洗杯壁并分散样品,加入氢氟酸2.5 mL、盐酸15 mL和硝酸5 mL,加热煮沸反应至溶液产生均匀大气泡。加入硫酸(1+1)溶液5 mL,高温加热至产生三氧化硫浓白烟雾并保持3~5 min。冷却后,加入水15 mL煮沸,冷却至室温,用水定容至100 mL。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定所得溶液中0.001%~3.0%(质量分数)的铬和0.001%~0.300%(质量分数)的钴、镍、镓、钪、锆的含量。采用基体匹配和同步背景校正相结合方式消除基体组分影响,并且选择了待测元素的分析谱线、背景校正区域以及光谱仪工作参数等检测条件。各元素检出限(3s)为0.000 1%~0.000 2%,相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于25%。样品的本法测定结果与ICP-MS的测定结果一致。     

Determination of diclofenac in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection for the quantitative determination of diclofenac potassium in plasma was developed. Naproxen was used as the internal standard. The drug and internal standard were isolated from plasma by extraction with dichloromethane and 2 M hydrochloric acid. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with methanol-water (68:32, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.2 with phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The oxidation potential for detection was established by constructing a voltammogram for diclofenac. The quantification limit for diclofenac in plasma was 5 ng mL(-1). Linearity of the method was confirmed in the range 5-2000 ng mL(-1), correlation coefficient 0.9998. Within-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.66 to 14.00% and between-day RSDs from 0.59 to 15.78%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters after ingestion of a 50 mg dose of diclofenac. Studies were performed on 18 healthy volunteers of both sexes.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锗精矿中锗量

建立了用硝酸、氢氟酸、磷酸溶解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锗精矿中锗量的方法。试验选择209.426nm作为最优分析谱线,锗的检出限为0.006μg/mL,测定下限为0.020 μg/mL,在磷酸基体匹配的条件下测定,测定范围为1%-15%,与经典碘酸钾滴定法对比,数据一致,相对标准偏差<3%(n=11),加标回收率98%~101%,能够满足快速测定及批量处理锗精矿中1%-15%的锗含量的需求。     

在线固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的霉酚酸

建立了在线固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法联用(Online SPE-HPLC)测定人血浆中霉酚酸浓度的分析方法。联用系统以Capcell PAK MF Ph-1为净化柱,Poroshell 120?EC-C18为分析柱,血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白后,直接进样分析。结果表明,霉酚酸在0.20~50.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.9998,检出限和定量下限分别为0.07、0.20μg/mL。在0.39、25.00、50.00μg/mL 3个质量浓度下的平均回收率为96.2%~105%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.6%~3.1%和2.9%~3.3%。该法操作简便、快速,可用于人血浆中霉酚酸浓度的分析。     

原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量方法改进

基于原子荧光光谱法测定铋元素时检出限低、测定结果稳定且准确等优点,研究原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量的方法。在标准系列中加入相近浓度的铜元素标准溶液,原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量。称取0.1 g样品,加入10 mL硝酸溶解,10%硫脲-5%抗坏血酸溶液7.5 mL预处理样品。在20μg/L的铋标准溶液中加入6 mL浓度为1000μg/mL的铜元素标准溶液。结果表明:在0~20μg/L范围内,该方法线性关系良好,线性方程为I=138.1670c+43.8572,相关系数为0.9996,所测定的样品中铋元素含量的相对误差在-4.3%~7.7%之间,精密度在0.4%~4.7%之间。原子荧光光谱法可作为铜合金中铋元素含量测定的方法。     

Determination of salbutamol using on-line solid-phase extraction and sequential injection analysis. Comparison of chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection

Determination of salbutamol using sequential injection analysis (SIA) with chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection has been devised. The chemiluminescence signal was emitted during the oxidation of salbutamol by potassium permanganate in sulfuric acid medium. Sodium polyphosphate was used as chemiluminescence enhancer. The fluorescence signal (excitation wavelength 230 nm) was also measured in sulfuric acid medium. Both detection techniques were compared with respect to the application of the methods to the determination of salbutamol in biological materials. The sample pre-treatment takes place directly in the SIA system, when salbutamol is adsorbed on the solid-phase (Baker-carboxylic acid) microcolumn integrated into the system. Sulfuric acid serves both as the reagent and the eluent. The lab-made SIA system consisted of a 2.5-mL Cavro syringe pump, ten-port Vici Valco selection valve and Spectra-Physics FS 970 fluorescence detector, which was lab-modified for chemiluminescence detection. The system was controlled by a PC using originally compiled LabVIEW-supported software. Concentrations, volumes of reagents and flow rates were optimised by a simplex method. Salbutamol was determined in the linear range 0.05-10 microg mL(-1) (RSD 1.53%), with the detection limit (3 sigma) 0.03 microg mL(-1) and sample throughput of 42 samples per hour with chemiluminescence detection in standard solutions. The fluorescence detection enabled the determination of salbutamol in standard solutions in the linear range 0.5-100 microg mL(-1) (RSD 2.69%), with the detection limit 0.2 microg mL(-1) and sample throughput of 24 h(-1). The proposed methods were applied to the determination of salbutamol in human serum and urine. However, serum is a very complicated matrix and the SIA-SPE analysis did not provide satisfactory results. It was possible to determine salbutamol in human urine using this technique. Better recovery was achieved with fluorescence detection.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锌合金中镁

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锌合金中镁含量。选用10 mL盐酸溶液(1+1)溶解样品,加入5 mL质量浓度为100 g/L的LaCl3溶液,以消除铝对镁的化学干扰,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。结果表明,镁的质量浓度在0~1.238 mg/L范围内与与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 4,线性方程为Y=1.086 4X+0.018 5,方法测定下限为0.010 mg/L。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.61%~3.45%(n=6),加标回收率为91.3%~94.7%。该方法准确度高,精密度好,满足锌合金中镁含量的日常检测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱分析组织中基因组脱氧核糖核酸羟甲基胞嘧啶水平

5-羟甲基胞嘧啶通过阻止脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)甲基化转移酶1(DMNT1)甲基化胞嘧啶来影响DNA甲基化的程度。本文建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定组织中全基因组5-羟甲基胞嘧啶水平的方法。采用苯酚-氯仿提取组织DNA,提取的DNA用88%甲酸在140 ℃下裂解,DNA裂解液加入同位素胞嘧啶作内标,经N2吹干后,加乙腈-水(9:1, v/v)溶解,用LC-MS/MS检测5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的含量,并计算全基因组中5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的水平。结果表明,5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的线性范围为0.1～30 ng/mL,相关系数为0.9969,检出限(信噪比为3计)和定量限(信噪比为10计)分别为0.057 ng/mL和0.090 ng/mL;日内相对标准偏差和日间相对标准偏差分别为5.13%和6.24%;加标回收率为90.24%～97.53%。用该方法检测了大鼠大脑组织DNA羟甲基化水平,平均结果为0.66%。该方法简便,重现性好,灵敏度较高,能满足全基因组5-羟甲基胞嘧啶定量检测的要求。     

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of α-lipoic acid in dietary supplements using a boron-doped diamond electrode

A fast liquid chromatographic separation, coupled with sensitive and straightforward detection using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, was developed and validated for the determination of α-lipoic acid in dietary supplement samples. The analysis was carried out using a reversed phase C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of a 1:1 (v/v) ratio of 0.05 M phosphate solution (pH 2.5):acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection potential obtained from hydrodynamic voltammetry was 1.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Under optimized conditions, the chromatographic separation was performed in less than 5 min, a good linear relationship was obtained between the current and the α-lipoic concentration within the range of 0.01-60 μg/mL (correlation coefficient of 0.9971), and a detection limit of 3.0 ng/mL was determined. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to determine α-lipoic acid concentrations in selected commercial dietary supplement samples. The recovery of α-lipoic acid in spiked samples at 0.5, 5.0 and 30 μg/mL ranged from 94.4% to 103.6% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of between 1.2% and 3.7%. In real samples, this developed methodology produced results that were highly correlated with the standard HPLC-UV approach. Therefore, the present method can be used for fast, selective and sensitive quantification of α-lipoic acid in dietary supplements.     

高效液相色谱法定量分析奥曲肽

建立奥曲肽的高效液相色谱定量分析方法。色谱柱为Eclipse plus C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.25%高氯酸水溶液(体积比为30∶70),流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,柱温为25℃。奥曲肽的质量浓度在4.38~219 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1.1 ng,定量限为2.19 ng。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.26%~0.46% (n=5),加标回收率为97.41%~100.26%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于奥曲肽原料药与制剂的定量分析。     

Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in soft drinks and beer

Two spectrophotometric methods, a photochemical and a non-photochemical, for the determination of ascorbic acid in soft drinks and beer using a flow-injection system are proposed. The non-photochemical method is based on the redox reaction that takes place between ascorbic acid and Fe(III), yielding dehydroascorbic acid and Fe(II). Fe(II) reacts with 1,10-phenantroline, originating the reddish orange Fe(phen)3(2+) complex (ferroin). This complex is spectrophotometrically monitored at 512 nm, and the signal is directly related to the concentration of ascorbic acid in the sample. The photochemical method has the same basis, nevertheless, uses the irradiation with visible light to enhance the redox reaction and so achieve higher sensitivities in the analysis. The non-photochemical method shows a linear range between 5 and 80 microg mL(-1), with a relative standard deviation of 1.6% (n = 11), a detection limit of 2.7 microg mL(-1) and a sample throughput of 60 samples h(-1). The photochemical method shows a linear range between 1 and 80 microg mL(-1), with a relative standard deviation of 1.0% (n = 11 ), a detection limit of 0.5 microg mL(-1) and a sample throughput of 40 samples h(-1).