Novel synthesis of naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano pyrrolizidines and indolizidines through intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

A facile synthesis of a series of naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano pyrrolizidines and indolizidines was accomplished in good yields in a one-pot reaction through intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with Baylis-Hillman adducts as dipolarophiles. The protocol is applicable to a wide variety of photochromic and biologically active napthopyrano products. The regio and stereochemical outcome of the cycloaddition reaction was ascertained by X-ray crystallographic study of some of the products.     

A Facile Synthesis of Stable Precursors to 2-Alkylated-3-(phenylthio)-1,3-Butadienes

3-Sulfolenes 3 which are stable precursors to 2-alkylated-3-(phenylthio)-1,3-butadienes (4) are conveniently prepared.     

Regioselective synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Role of Er(OTf)3, ionic liquid and water

A simple procedure to obtain 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, using the Er(OTf)₃/[mpy]OTf/H₂O catalytic system is described. The reaction proceeds through an eliminative azide–olefin cycloaddition (EAOC) offering a highly regioselective approach and good yields (81–94%). The advantages of this method include simple operations of work-up and the ability of the catalytic system to be re-used five times without an evident loss in yield. The role of IL and water were speculated, invoking also a probable ionic self-assembly (ISA) effect.     

An expeditious synthesis of an analogue of (−)-steviamine by way of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide with a 1-C-allyl iminosugar

In our continuing effort to develop inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan biosynthesis, we planned to synthesize original iminosugar-based analogues of UDP-galactofuranose by way of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between a 1-C-allyl iminosugar and a nitrile oxide, followed by the reductive cleavage of the resulting isooxazoline. In initial studies, it was found that this last step led in one pot to a new polyhydroxylated indolizidine derivative closely related to the recently isolated (−)-steviamine, in good yield, by way of a sequence involving at least five individual reactions. The activity of this new compound as a glycosidase inhibitor was evaluated against a panel of glycosidases and compared to (−)-steviamine.     

A sort synthesis of polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and reductive amination

Polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines bearing a methyl group at C-5 have been synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of five membered cyclic nitrones with methyl vinyl ketone followed by a N–O reductive cleavage and in situ intramolecular reductive amination. The stereochemistry of the obtained compounds is examined in relation to the reactions mechanism.     

An expedient approach for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel spiroindolizidines via [3+2] cycloaddition

A new series of spiroindolizidines was synthesized by one-pot, three-component condensation of azomethine ylides, generated from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with ninhydrin or isatin derivatives by a 1,5-prototropic shift route, with various derivatives of trans-β-nitrostyrene in a regio- and stereoselective manner. X-ray crystal structure analysis and NMR spectroscopic data confirmed the structure outcome of the cycloaddition reaction.     

Synthesis of pyrimidine-containing 3-aminobutenolides

An efficient synthesis of pyrimidine-containing butenolides is reported, starting from C-alkoxycarbonyl isoxazolidines. Two competitive reaction routes are operating: the pathway leading to homo-N,O-nucleosides, based on the reduction of an ester group at C₃, and the reaction channel leading to butenolides promoted by the removal of the hydrogen atom at C₃. The two reaction pathways can be easily controlled according to the adopted experimental conditions     

Synthesis of complex dispirocyclopentanebisoxindoles via cycloaddition reactions of 4-dimethylamino-1-alkoxycarbonylmethylpyridinium bromides with 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene derivatives

The cycloaddition reactions of 4-dimethylamino-1-alkoxycarbonylmethylpyridinium bromides with various 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene derivatives in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine afforded the unprecedented dispirocyclopentanebisoxindole derivatives in good yields and in high diastereoselectivity. Under similar reaction conditions, the reactions of 1-alkoxycarbonylmethylpyridinium bromides with 3-phenacylideneoxindoles only resulted in 4-oxo-3-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-4-arylbutanoates. The stereochemistry of the complex spirooxindoles was established by ¹H NMR data and single crystal structures.     

Design and Synthesis of Dumbbell-Shaped POSS-C60 Dyads with Flexible Spacer

Using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as starting material, novel dumbbell-shaped POSS-C₆₀ dyads with flexible spacers were designed and synthesized in good yields by esterification, subsequent etherification, and further 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide generated in situ from aldehyde and sarcosine to C₆₀.     

Synthesis of triazole-functionalized tetrahydroindazolones by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions between azides and alkynes

7-Azido-tetrahydroindazolones undergo efficient copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various alkynes leading to a straightforward synthesis of triazole-functionalized tetrahydroindazolones. The latter are interesting molecular platforms in terms of medicinal chemistry.     

Three-Component Synthesis and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Highly Functionalized Pyrans with Nitrile Oxides: Easy Access to 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles

Three-component reaction of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]acetone, malononitrile, and substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of sodium ethoxide under simple mixing at ambient temperature for 5–8 min afforded highly functionalized 4H-pyrans in good to excellent yields. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides over the nitrile functionality of the 4H-pyrans furnished 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in moderate yields.

Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for full experimental and spectral details.     

Synthesis of the tricyclic core structure of vindoline

An efficient synthesis of the core tricyclic structure (18) of vindoline has been achieved using the strategy, which features an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the azido dienone (12) to give aziridine (13) with complete region- and stereocontrol.     

Regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of multi-substituted 3-pyrrolines

A regio-and stereo-selective synthesis of multi-substituted 3-pyrrolines has been developed.The multi-substituted 3-pyrrolines were synthesized in good yields by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 2-(phenylselanyl)acrylate with azomethine ylides,followed by N-acylation and oxidation-elimination of phenylseleno group.     

Synthesis and thermal transformations of spiro-fused N-phthalimidoaziridines

Oxidation of N-aminophthalimide in the presence of 2-arylideneinden-1,3-diones with electron-withdrawing substituents gives the corresponding 3-aryl-1-phthalimidospiro[aziridine-2,2′-indene]-1′,3′-diones in good yields. Heating these aziridines with standard dipolarophiles (N-phenylmaleimide, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, maleate, and fumarate) leads, in most cases, to spiro[inden-2,2′-pyrrole] derivatives as products of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate azomethine ylides with up to 70–95% yields in the case of N-phenylmaleimide. As is typical for 2-acylaziridines, the competing rearrangement into 2-aryl-4H-indeno[2,1-d][1,3]oxazol-4-ones prevails for less active dipolarophiles. Increasing the electron-releasing properties of the 3-aryl ring allows the observation of the push–pull effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the ease of the three-membered ring-opening.     

Chemo- and Regioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2-Diazopropane over 1,4-Benzoquinone: Synthesis of New Pyrazoloquinones

Abstract

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 2-diazopropane 1 with 1,4-benzoquinone 2 carried out at ?20 °C led to a minor mono-cycloadduct 4 and mixture of bis-cycloadducts 6 and 7. The same addition realized with 3H-pyrazole 7 at ?60 °C for 2 h yields a mixture of compounds 8 and 9 and results in O-alkylation. The reaction of 3H-pyrazoles 4 and 7 with dimethylsulfoxide and oxalyl chloride under Swern conditions led to pyrazolenines 11 and 12.     

Synthesis of ethyl 3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carboxylate via regioselective dipolar cycloaddition

Efforts to prepare ethyl 3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carboxylate (1) by developing a regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between phenyl nitrile oxide and various 4,4,4-trifluoromethyl crotonates are described. The substitution at the C2-position of crotonate dipolarophile 4 significantly influenced the regiochemistry and yield of the cycloaddition. Enol and enol ether-based crotonates underwent regioselective cycloadditions with phenyl nitrile oxide to provide 4-trifluoromethyl isoxazoles in good yields.     

Synthesis and tautomerism of spiro-pyrazolines

An experimental study on the synthesis, tautomerism, and acid promoted structural changes of spiro-pyrazolines is described. The target was achieved through a [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition of an alkene with nitrile imines generated in situ and was isolated in high yield. The synthesized cycloadduct displayed a tendency to exhibit an imine–enamine type of tautomerism as evidenced by X-ray crystal and NMR studies. Furthermore, addition of an acid resulted in the transformation of an imine tautomer to an enamine. The current report constitutes a first formal observation of this kind of tautomerism observed in spiro-indoline pyrazolines.     

Synthesis of N-benzylated indole-, indazole- and benzotriazole-4,7-diones

The benzylation of 4,7-dimethoxy-1H-indole (5) followed by an oxidative demethylation led to 1-benzyl-1H-indole-4,7-dione (2) with a 73% overall yield. From the commercially available 7-nitro-1H-indazole (7), a three-step pathway was developed to access 1-benzyl-1H-indazole-4,7-dione (3). Two of these steps were investigated in order to improve the process. The direct synthesis of 1-benzyl-1H-benzotriazole-4,7-dione (4), through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between benzyl azide and para-benzoquinone (13), was also studied. The simplicity of the methodologies described offers wide perspectives in obtaining 1-alkylated indole-, indazole- and benzotriazole-4,7-diones.     

ConjugatedSchiff's bases, 19 Cycloaddition of heterocumulenes to sterically congested 1,4-diazabutadiene 4N-oxides

Reactions of aryl isocyanates with sterically congested 1,4-diazabutadiene 4N-oxides representing bifunctional nitrones, proved to be 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in which the nitrone 1,3-dipol manifested its predominant reactivity in comparison with the 1,4-diazabutadiene system. 3-Substituted 5-oxadiazolidinones resulted from these cycloadditions. Acidic hydrolysis of these products was also investigated.

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Konjugierte Schiff-Basen, 19. Mitt.: Cycloaddition von Heterokumulene an sterisch gehinderten 1,4-Diazabutadien-4N-oxiden

Zusammenfassung Die Reaktionen von Arylisocyanaten mit sterisch gehinderten 1,4-Diazabutadien-4N-oxiden als Vertretern bifunktioneller Nitrone erwies sich als eine 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition, bei der sich der Nitron-1,3-Dipol in seiner Reaktivität im Vergleich mit dem 1,4-Diazabutadiensystem bevorzugt zeigte. Es wurden bei diesen Cycloadditionen 3-substituierte 5-Oxadiazolidinone erhalten. Die saure Hydrolyse dieser Produkte wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

     

Synthesis of Novel Discotic C60-triphenylene Derivative by 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

1 IntroductionFullerene has received considerable attention and a great researching interest due to its unique structure and interesting properties[1-3].Many functional groups have been introduced,often region-or stereo-selectively,for tuning the physical properties of C60 and for constructing supramolecular architectures[4-6].Among all kinds of C60 derivatives,the diseotic molecule-substituted C60 derivatives show interesting properties,especially,liquid crystal properties.Up to now,few C60 derivatives with discotic-molecular groups and their liquid crystal properties have been studied.In 1996,Deschenaux et al.[7]reported the first mesomorphic C60-ferrocene derivative.Tian et al.[8]synthesized a C60-perylene derivative in 2004.Nakanishi et al.[9]prepared a series of uncommon liquid C60derivatives with 2,4,6-tris(alkyloxy)benzal groups in 2006.Lately,Geerts et al.[10]described the synthesis of mesogenic phthalocyanine-C60.