Polysaccharides ofAconitum zaravschanicum

The dynamics of the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances of Aconitum zaravschanicum Steinb over the vegetation periods have been studied. The maximum amounts of polysaccharides have been established and their comparative physicohemical characteristics have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 357–359, May–June, 1993.     

Plant polysaccharides VII. Polysaccharides ofMorus and their hypoglycemic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated fromMorus leaves, and their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The polysaccharides obtained by extraction with hot water have been investigated for hypoglycemic activity. A polysaccharide fromMorus alba proved to have the highest sugar-lowering activity.Materials presented at the IInd International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 789–791, November–December, 1997.     

An investigation and identification of polysaccharides isolated from archeological specimens

Summary Polymeric compounds have been isolated from archeological specimens (fragments of Central Asian paintings of the 2nd-19th centuries). A comparison of their IR spectra with the spectra of plant gums has shown that they are polysaccharides which have remained undestroyed for up to 1800 yr. In some cases it has been possible from the IR spectra and composition of the extracted polysaccharides to provisionally identify sourcherry or apricot gum, of which these polysaccharides were components.All-Union Central Scientific-Research Laboratory for Conservation and Restoration, Moscow. M. M. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–19, January–February, 1976.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharides of the cell walls of fungi pathogenic for the cotton plant

The dynamics of the secretion of polysaccharides by fungi pathogenic for the cotton plant — Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum — have been studied. An alkaline hydrolysate of the fungal cell walls has been obtained. Total fractions of the polysaccharides have been separated on Sephadex G-50 and Acrilex P-4, and their monosaccharide compositions have been determined.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 41 71 29. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 198–201, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted October 19, 1994.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofBrassica oleracea

Lipids and polysaccharides have been obtained from the leaves ofBrassica oleracea. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the total neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The carbohydrate complex of cabbage includes water-soluble polysaccharides, low-methoxyl pectins, hemicelluloses, and free monosugars. The polypeptides have been characterized by their mannoside compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1994.     

Accumulation of polysaccharides under the influence of chlorocholine chloride inAronia melanocarpa

Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs) have been isolated from the fruit and leaves ofAronia melanocarpa Elliot (black chokeberry) plants treated with chlorocholine chloride in various concentrations. It has been established that they are composed of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, another two unidentified spots of monosaccharides or their derivatives were found in the polysaccharides of the fruit, and one in those of the leaves. The ratios of the neutral monosaccharides in the WSPSs have been determined. Accumulation of the polysaccharides under the influence of various concentrations of chlorocholine chloride has been studied. It has been established that the retardant used (chlorocholine chloride) increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the fruit by a factor of 1.5–2, but no appreciable accumulation of them was observed in the leaves.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–604, September–October, 1979.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Large-Scale Purification of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Flaxseed Mucilage, and Isolation of a New Anionic Polymer

Summary Viscous flaxseed mucilage has previously been described as a mixture of two polysaccharides (acidic and neutral). In this study, we have shown that a combination of ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography enables purification of three distinct polysaccharides. Molecular weight (Mw) analysis, performed by size-exclusion chromatography on line with a multi-angle laser light-scattering detector, revealed that the main polysaccharide (75%) was a neutral polymer with a Mw of approximately 1.2 × 10⁶ g mol^–1. The two others were acidic polysaccharides denoted AF₁ (3.75%, 6.5 × 10⁵ g mol^–1) and AF₂ (21.25%, 1.7 × 10⁴ g mol^–1).Presented at: International Symposium on Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 5–7, 2003     

Carbohydrate compositions of preparations of fungal origin

The fractional composition of the polysaccharides formed by some local strains of basidial fungi (Panus tigrinus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fomes formentarius, andPhanarechaeta chrysosporium) in a submerged medium on various plant wastes (spent cottonseed pulp and cottonplant stems) has been investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated from the products synthesized by the fungi, and their qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide compositions have been determined.Materials presented at the Second International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Eskiehir, Turkey, October 22–24, 1996).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 352–357, May–June, 1977.     

Polysaccharides of brown algae VIII. A study of pelvecyan and sargassan by methylation

Conclusions It has been shown by the methylation method that pelvecyan and sargassan are polysaccharides of similar structures with a high degree of branching of the carbohydrate chains. Fucose, xylose, and galactose are located at the nonreducing ends of their molecules, and mannose and galactose form points of branching of the carbohydrate chains of these polysaccharides.The positions of the bonds between the monosaccharide residues in pelvecyan and sargassan have been determined.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 142–145, March–April, 1974.     

Carbohydrates ofMelo zard pang

Alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been isolated from melon juice pulp. The substances isolated have been studied by IR spectroscopy.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (998 71) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 442–444, July–August, 1999.     

Carbohydrates ofAllium. IV. Glucofructans ofAllium longicuspis

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bulbs ofAllium longicuspis Rgl. By fractionating the combined water-soluble polysaccharides, homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 15,500 and 5100 have been isolated. It has been shown by spectral and chemical methods that they consist of glucofructans of a mixed type containing glycosidic bonds of the inulin (2 1) and levan (26) types in a ratio of 2.1:1.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 703–707, November–December, 1984.     

Determination of the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides

Summary 1. The possibility has been shown of using a method proposed by us previously to determine the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides.2. The positions of the sulfate groups in the following sulfated polysaccharides have been determined: fucan and pelvecyan fromPelvetia wrightii and sargassan fromSargassum pallidum.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 573–577, September–October, 1976.     

Polysaccharides from the wastes of vegetable and melon-type crops

The water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances from the wastes of vegetable and melon-type crops have been studied and their monosaccharide compositions have been determined. High- and low-methoxyl pectins have been isolated, and the physicochemical characteristics are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 597–600, September–October, 1994.     

General characteristics of immunomodulator bioglycans from invertebrates of the sea of Japan

Bioglycans have been isolated from 23 species of marine invertebrates from the Sea of Japan and a comparative study of them has been made. It has been shown that these bioglycans possess immunomodulating activity and consist of complexes of polysaccharides with a protein component.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 738–742, November–December, 1990.     

Carbohydrates ofAlium. VII. Characteristics of the polysaccharides of the skin ofAlium cepa

The polysaccharides in the skin of the garden onion have been investigated. Their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given and the water-soluble polysaccharide is characterized.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Samarkand Cooperative Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 14–17, January–February, 1985.     

Specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria

This review generalizes the result of structural investigations of the polysaccharides of the O-specific side chains of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of the most studied representations of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The O-specific polysaccharides are the serologically dominating part of the molecule that is responsible for the O-antigenic specificity of the LPSs. The structures of the specific polysacchrides from various Gram-positive bacteria are given. The serological specificity of the O-antigens is discussed and a connection is shown between the chemical structures of the polysaccharides and their serological affinity.Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 532–547, September–October, 1986.     

A study of the polysaccharides from the stems ofAlcea hyrcana

Conclusions 1. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bark and stems ofAlcea hyrcana Grossh. with yields of 2.2% and 1.6%, respectively; they contain uronic acids, glucose, arabinose, and xylose.2.The quantitative amounts of these monosaccharides in samples of the isolated polysaccharides have been determined.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 397–400, 1970