Structure of triterpene saponins from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza echinata

Conclusions On the basis of a physicochemical study of the saponins ofGlycyrrhiza echinata L., their molecular weights have been determined. It has been found that the two saponins are biosides of macedonic acid (saponin A) and echinatic acid (saponin B), the carbohydrate moieties of which contain L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid.In both saponins, the L-rhamnose is bound directly to the aglycones.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17–19, 1969     

Triterpene glycosides of the leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus II. Structure of eleutherosides I, K, L, and M

Summary The complete structures of eleutherosides I, K, L, and M have been established. Glycoside I is identical with mubenin B and glycoside M with hederasaponin B. It has been shown that eleutheroside K is the 3-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1»2)--L-arabopyranoside] of oleanolic acid. In eleutheroside L, the L-rhamnose and L-arabinose residues are connected by a 1»4 bond, and a trisaccharide consisting of O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1»4)-O--D-glucopyranosyl-(1»6)--D-glucopyranose is connected with the carboxy group.Institute of Biologically Active Substances of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 618–622, September–October, 1971.     

Polysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla I. Monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide complex

Conclusions 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the inflorescences ofMatricaria chamomilla L. It has been established that it is composed of D-galacturonic acid (45%), D-galactose (12.2%), D-glucose (2.3%), L-rhamnose (5.3%), L-arabinose (10.2%), and D-xylose (20.8%).2. The information obtained permits the polysaccharide of the camomile to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–141, March–April, 1974.     

Steroid saponins II. Glycosides of Tribulus terrestris

Summary 1. It has been established that the epigeal part ofTribulus terrestris L. contains five steroid saponins. Diosgenin was identified as the aglycone of all these compounds.2. The carbohydrate compositions of the saponins have been determined.For Communication I, see Izv. Akad. Nauk MSSR Ser. Khim. i Biol. Nauk,1971, No. 4, 76.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 475–477, July–August, 1972.     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. Pectic acid contains galacturonic acid (78–83%) and, chemically linked with it, the monosaccharides D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and substance (VIII) and (IX).2. By fractionating the polysaccharide complex of the leavesof Plantago major L. on a DEAE-cellulose column it has been shown that it consists of pectic acid (80–82%), and free galactoraban (5–6%) and galactan (4–5%).Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 369–372, 1965.We have used Kertesz's nomenclature of pectic compounds [4].     

Glycosides ofPatrinia sibirica. I

Conclusions Three glycosides, named sibirosides A, B, and C, have been detected in the roots ofPatrinia sibirica (L.) Juss. All three are derivatives of hederagenin. Sibirosides A and C were isolated in the pure state and the complete structure of the former was established. It was shown that sibiroside C is a hexaoside of hederagenin, with carbohydrate chains consisting of two L-arabinose and four D-glucose residues.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 60–64, 1970     

Carbohydrate complex of the fruit of Chaenomeles maulei

The carbohydrate complex of the fruit ofChaenomeles maulei contains more than 70% of water-soluble sugars, including sucrose, arabinose, galactose, fructose, and glucose. The bulk of the carbohydrate is represented by water-soluble pectin, and protopectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The monomeric compositions of all the fractions of carbohydrates and the ratio between the reducing and inverted sugars have been studied.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 460–463, July–August, 1990.     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPlantage major L. and its monosaccharide composition has been studied.2. It has been established that the polysaccharide investigated contains D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, a partially methylated galactose, and two unidentified monosaccharides.3. The high content of galacturonic residues (68%) in the polysaccharide enables it to be classified as a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 297–302, 1965     

Determination of sulfur in drugs of natural origin

The efficacy of the use of Schoniger's method for the quantitative analysis of sulfur in samples ofAllium sativum L. and ichthammol has been shown. The relative error of the determination does not exceed 5%.First I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Khmiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 385–389, May–June, 1988.     

Triterpene glycosides of Caulophyllum robustum

Conclusions Glycosides which we have called caulosides A, B, C, D, and E have been isolated from the perennial relict plantCaulophyllum robustum.The aglycone of caulosides A, C, D, and E is hederagenin. It has been found that the carbohydrate chains of caulosides D and E contain glucose, arabinose, and rhamnose; those of C, glucose and arabinose; and those of A and B, arabinose. Caulosides D and E contain carbohydrate chains attached by an O-acyl glycoside bond.Institute of Biologically Active Substances, Far Eastern Division, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 552–555, September–October, 1970.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Characteristics of the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum

The characteristics of the water-soluble complex of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum are given. The presence in them of acidic components of the type of pectic substances containing considerable amounts of compounds of protein nature has been shown. It has proved to be possible to separate the latter from the carbohydrate component by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–774, November–December, 1979.     

Phenolic lipid from Azotobacter chroococcum

Summary From the total cell lipids of the nitrogen-fixing bacteriumAzotobacter chroococcum 92 a previously unknown lipid has been isolated which has been identified as a 1-alkyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzene. The alkyl chains of the main components of the lipid fraction have a normal structure and contain 19 and 21 carbon atoms.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, USSR, Moscow, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Microbiological Agents for Plant Protection and Bacterial Preparations, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 494–499, July–August, 1977.     

Eleutherosides in aerial parts of Eleutherococcus species cultivated in Poland

Many Eleutherococcus species grow in Siberia, China, Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. The most well known is Eleutherococcus senticosus, which contains pharmacologically active compounds, such as eleutherosides, flavonoids, vitamins, and complex polysaccharides. E. senticosus owes its medicinal properties mainly to eleutherosides. The objective of this study was to determine eleutherosides B, E, and E1 in the aerial parts of different Eleutherococcus species. The eleutherosides were extracted with ethanol, and the extracts were cleaned by SPE on C18 columns, and then analyzed by HPTLC. Silica gel plates with fluorescence indicator, designated F254, were used with chloroform-methanol-water (70 + 30 + 4, v/v/v) and chloroform-methanol-toluene-ammonium hydroxide (9 + 6 + 3 + 2, v/vv/v) mobile phases. Two-step elution with these mobile phases was used for the development of chromatograms. Eleutherosides were visualized by derivatization with Liebermann-Burchard reagent. This reagent was used for the first time to detect eleutherosides. Eleutherosides B, E, and E1 were detected in the fruits of the investigated species. E. senticosus contained three of the investigated compounds, and E. sessiliflorus, E. gracilistylus, and E. divaricatus two compounds each.     

Triterpene glycosides ofScabiosa soongorica III. The structure of songorosides M and O

Summary The structures of songorosides M and O — a hexaoside and heptaoside of oleanolic acid, respectively — have been established. Both glycosides contain gentiobiose in the acyloside moiety. The glycosidic carbohydrate chains of songorosides M and G attached to the C₃ hydroxyl are identical. The O-glycosidic sugar components of songorosides O and I are also identical.Institute of Physiology and Experimental Pathology, High-Mountain Regions of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirgiz SSR, Frunze. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 476–479, July–August, 1976.     

Triterpene glycosides of Gypsophila trichotoma V. The structure of trichoside D

Summary The structure of the glycosidic carbohydrate chain and the partial structure of the acyloside chain of trichoside D — a new triterpene glycoside fromGypsophila trichotoma — have been established.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January–February, 1972.     

Alkaloids ofColchicum luteum

The paper gives a review of the alkaloids ofColchium luteum Baker from various growth sites. The structure of luteidine — one of the main alkaloids of the plant — has been established. In addition, two new alkaloids have been isolated from the plant and the structure of one of them has been established as collutine N-oxide.M. I Kalinin Turkmen Agricultural Institute, Ashkhabad, and V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 810–815, November–December, 1985.     

Structures of four new triterpene glycosides from the holothurian Cucumaria japonica

Four new triterpene glycosides of the holostane series have been isolated from an alcoholic extract of the economically important Pacific Ocean holothurianCucumaria japonica: cucumariosides A₁-2 (I), A₂-3 (II), A₂-4 (III), and A₄-2 (IV). The structures of these substances have been established by the methods of carbohydrate chemistry and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 787–793, November–December, 1990.     

Triterpene glycosides ofGypsophilla trichotoma

Conclusions The plantGypsophilla trichotoma Wend. has been found to contain four triterpene glycosides, which have been called trichosides A, B, C, and D.Trichoside D has been isolated in the individual state. It has been shown that its aglycone is gypsogenin. The carbohydrate chain attached to the hydroxyl at C₃ contains D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid, and the acyloside chain contains D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and D-fucose.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 434–438, 1970     

Use of the paramagnetic shift agent Eu(DPM)3 for studying the structure and stereochemistry of conferol and conferone

Summary A spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining the content of aspidin in a crystalline powder and in the rhizomes of the fernsDryopteris spinulosa (M),D. phegopteris (L.), andD. fragrans (L.) Schott.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 684–687, November–December, 1970.