Body-centered-cubic structure as a basis for deriving the intermetallic crystal structures

Hyperfine Interactions - Dioximes as ligands are used as analytical reagents and serve as models for biological systems as well as catalysts in chemical processes. A number of novel mixed complexes...     

Exploding wires in air and vacuum

An apparatus for studies of wire explosions in air at atmospheric as well as reduced pressures is described. A theoretical treatment of the discharge circuit is presented. In this treatment the external resistance and inductance as well as the wire inductance (all as functions of time) have been taken into consideration. It is then possible to calculate the wire variables — current, resistance, resistive voltage drop, effect, and energy input — as functions of time from thedI/dt waveform experimentally obtained. Wire variables of Ni- and W-wires exploded both in air and vacuum are presented as well as a discussion of these.     

Facile fabrication of a lotus-effect composite coating via wrapping silica with polyurethane

A lotus-effect coating was fabricated by wrapping micro-silica and nano-silica with polyurethane (PU) and subsequent spraying. The coating shows the similar self-cleaning property as lotus leaves: the contact angle is as large as 168° and the sliding angle is as low as 0.5°. Surface morphology of the coating was studied with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The composite coating shows the similar structure as lotus leaves.     

Multivariate analysis of dynamical processes

The analysis of multi-dimensional biomedical systems requires analysis techniques, which are able to deal with multivariate data consisting of both time series as well as point processes. Univariate and bivariate analysis techniques in the frequency domain for time series and point processes are established and investigated, although the number of investigations is strongly biased towards time series. Actual multivariate techniques for time series or hybrids of time series and point processes are scarcely addressed. Here, we present spectral analysis techniques which are able to analyse point processes as well as time series. Thereby, univariate, bivariate as well as multivariate techniques are discussed. Applications to simulated as well as real-world data reveal the abilities of the proposed techniques.     

Defect structure and electrical properties of molybdenum disulphide

Electrical conductivity of molybdenum disulphide was studied in a helium-sulphur gas mixture as a function of temperature (1073-1273 K). It was found that over the whole temperature and sulphur pressure range (10-6600 Pa) studied, the material exhibits p-type conductivity. Based on literature intrinsic electronic disorder data as well as measured electrical conductivity results a defect model has been proposed. This model involves electron holes and doubly ionized interstitial sulphur ions as majority point defects as well as electrons and acceptor-type foreign ions as minority defects.     

分光光度法同时测定铝(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅱ)

以甲基百里酚蓝(MTB)为显色剂、CTMAB为增溶增敏剂,利用系数补偿和双峰双波长的两次分光光度法同时测定铝(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅱ)的结果令人满意.     

Micromechanical photothermal spectroscopy of trace gases using functionalized polymers

We demonstrate a novel method to spectroscopically detect and identify trace gases. Micromechanical photothermal spectroscopy (MPS) with functionalized sorbent materials provides trace gas spectra in an optical interaction length of only a few micrometers. We use microcavity interferometry to read out displacements as low as 25 fm/√Hz, heating as low as 200 pW/√Hz, and analyte concentrations as low as 65 parts-per-billion for the nerve agent simulant DMMP. MPS integrated with functional materials represents an important new tool in chip-scale optical sensing.     

Multiple pure tone noise prediction

This paper presents a fully numerical method for predicting multiple pure tones, also known as “Buzzsaw” noise. It consists of three steps that account for noise source generation, nonlinear acoustic propagation with hard as well as lined walls inside the nacelle, and linear acoustic propagation outside the engine. Noise generation is modeled by steady, part-annulus computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A linear superposition algorithm is used to construct full-annulus shock/pressure pattern just upstream of the fan from part-annulus CFD results. Nonlinear wave propagation is carried out inside the duct using a pseudo-two-dimensional solution of Burgers? equation. Scattering from nacelle lip as well as radiation to farfield is performed using the commercial solver ACTRAN/TM. The proposed prediction process is verified by comparing against full-annulus CFD simulations as well as against static engine test data for a typical high bypass ratio aircraft engine with hardwall as well as lined inlets. Comparisons are drawn against nacelle unsteady pressure transducer measurements at two axial locations as well as against near- and far-field microphone array measurements outside the duct.     

500 kV全固态Marx发生器

500 kV全固态Marx发生器采用Z型电路结构,以28个最大工作电压达22 kV、满载最高连续重复运行频率达200 Hz的绝缘栅双极型晶体管组件作为脉冲控制开关,采用以金属化膜电容器和线绕电感构成的梯形脉冲形成网络作为储能和脉冲形成器件。目前已实现500 kV脉冲输出,在50 Hz的重复频率下实现数十个脉冲的猝发输出。该发生器的输出脉冲电压峰值与已有文献报道的最高功率固态Marx发生器技术指标相近,输出脉冲电流峰值提高1倍,达到1000 A,发生器输出脉冲功率峰值达到500 MW。在采用电容器作为储能元件时,此Marx发生器输出脉冲宽度可在3～10 s范围内连续调整。     

Evidence for a role of glutamate as an efferent transmitter in taste buds

Background  

Glutamate has been proposed as a transmitter in the peripheral taste system in addition to its well-documented role as an umami taste stimulus. Evidence for a role as a transmitter includes the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptors in nerve fibers and taste cells, as well as the expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST in Type I taste cells. However, the source and targets of glutamate in lingual tissue are unclear. In the present study, we used molecular, physiological and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the origin of glutamate as well as the targeted receptors in taste buds.     

液体-液体相变与反常特性

绝大多数物质的液态密度随温度降低而增大,即常见的热胀冷缩现象.但存在一类物质,如水及第四主族的硅、锗等,其液态密度在一定温度范围内随温度的升高而增大,即密度反常现象.此外,该类物质还存在动力学反常(密度越大粒子运动越快)、热力学反常(热力学量的涨落随温度降低而升高)等其他反常特性.这类材料的化学性质千差万别,但却具有相似的物理反常特性.进一步的理论研究发现部分材料具有两种液态,即高密度液态和低密度液态,两者之间存在一级相变.因此,反常特性与液体-液体相变是否有直接关联是一个值得深入研究的课题.本文主要介绍了具有液体-液体相变的一类材料及其反常特性,包括高温高压下氢的液体-液体相变及其超临界现象,镓的反常特性及其与液体-液体相变的关联等.     

Exact solution of finite size Mean Field Percolation and application to nuclear fragmentation

Random Graphs and Mean Field Percolation are two names given to the most general mathematical model of systems composed of a set of connected entities. It has many applications in the study of real life networks as well as physical systems. The model shows a precisely described phase transition, but its solution for finite systems was yet unresolved. However, atomic nuclei, as well as other mesoscopic objects (e.g. molecules, nano-structures), cannot be considered as infinite and their fragmentation does not necessarily occur close to the transition point. Here, we derive for the first time the exact solution of Mean Field Percolation for systems of any size, as well as provide important information on the internal structure of Random Graphs. We show how these equations can be used as a basis to select non-trivial correlations in systems and thus to provide evidence for physical phenomena.     

New structural picture of the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change alloy

Using electron microscopy and diffraction techniques, as well as first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that as much as 35% of the total Ge atoms in the cubic phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 locate in tetrahedral environments. The Ge-vacancy interactions play a crucial stabilizing role, leading to Ge-vacancy pairs and the sharing of vacancies that clusters tetrahedral Ge into domains. The Ge2Sb2Te5 structure with coexisting octahedral and tetrahedral Ge produces optical and structural properties in good agreement with experimental data and explains the property contrast as well as the rapid transformation in this phase-change alloy.     

基于LVQ神经网络的目标识别技术

通过对目标特征的分析比较,选取不变矩作为识别特征.为了达到很好的识别效果,对不变矩做了优化处理.采用LVQ神经网络技术建立了识别模型,提高了识别速度.运用有限的样本对目标识别技术进行了测试,结果表明采用此技术后的识别成功率较高,平均约为98%,识别速度快,每幅二值目标图像的识别时间约为16 ms.     

Fluorescence Properties of Selected Benzo[c]phenanthridines

The fluorescence properties of selected benzo[c]phenanthridines (BPs) were examined. The effect of structure, pH and solvent on the fluorescence properties has been investigated. It was found out that the presence of charged iminium nitrogen significantly decreased the fluorescence of the compounds. The fluorescence (intensity as well as emission spectra shape) of the investigated compounds was significantly dependent on pH as well as used solvent. The utilization in epigenetic modification mechanisms studies as demethylase probe and as possible pH indicator was suggested.     

Stochastic resonance in a stochastic bistable system subject to additive white noise and dichotomous noise

The stochastic resonance (SR) in a stochastic stable system driven by a static force and a periodic square-wave signal as well as by additive white noise and dichotomous noise is considered from the point of view of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is found that the SNR exhibits SR behavior when it is plotted as a function of the noise strength of the white noise and dichotomous noise, as well as when plotted as a function of the static force. Moreover, the influence of the strength of the stochastic potential force and the correlation rate of the dichotomous noise is investigated.     

光谱线型函数的四种形式及其变换关系

从理论上研究了光谱线型函数的四种形式及其关系,以多普勒展宽导致的线型函数为例,分析了光子数、能量按频率及波长分布函数的最大值和半高全宽。结果表明,光子数、能量按频率的分布函数近似相等,光子数、能量按波长的分布函数也近似相等。通过对多普勒线型函数的分析,建立了根据两条光谱线的线型函数的最大值比值求得光子数比值的方法。     

Sub-20-fs pulses tunable across the visible from a blue-pumped single-pass noncollinear parametric converter

Femtosecond pulses with center wavelengths between 470 and 750 nm are generated in a single-stage type I BBO optical parametric amplifier pumped by a frequency-doubled 1-kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier. A high-quality white-light continuum is used as the seed. Pulse durations as short as 16 fs and pulse energies of as much as 11 microJ are observed. The quantum efficiency is ~25% for both 7- and 40-microJ pump pulses. This unique combination of ultrashort pulse duration and high conversion is made possible by noncollinear phase matching that permits a sufficiently large amplification bandwidth. Simultaneously the group velocities of the signal and the idler are effectively matched. As a result widely tunable sub-20-fs pulses can be generated in a nonlinear crystal as thick as 2 mm.