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反应性是表征反应堆系统临界性的主要参数。在堆运行到临界以上时,测量堆的反应性的一个主要手段就是通过周期测量系统来测量堆功率上升的二倍渐进周期,再通过堆反应性与渐进周期的关系,推算出堆反应性。 相似文献
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本文叙述了医用超声功率的常规测量方法的原理和已达到的水平之后,讨论了医用超声场的声强的使用范围和安全性问题,着重阐明了使用PVDF压电薄膜水听器扫描超声场,记录脉冲超声场的声压波形分布并计算I_(SPTP)、I_(SPTA)、I_(SATA)和I_(SAPA)的方法。给出了计算公式和实验结果,并对A型和B型超声诊断仪的典型测量数据和声强分布特征进行了讨论与比较。 相似文献
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本文从换能器的互易原理出发,利用平面波自易校准法获得换能器的自由场发送电流响应.根据平面活塞型换能器的衍射规律,推导出发射声功率的表达式.由此计算互易换能器在给定驱动电流(或电压)作用下的辐射超声功率.基于上述原理,使用自易校准装置测量了互易换能器的声功率一频率曲线.估计的测量不确定优于±20%. 相似文献
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测定了H2SO4-CuSO4溶液中,超声频率为24kHz时,超声功率对铜电化学阴极沉积过程速率的影响。实验结果表明,在超声作用下铜电化学阴极沉积过程的电流密度明显提高,即超声作用能提高过程的沉积速率。超声对铜电化学沉积过程速率强化程度随超声功率的增加而增大;在相同温度和超声功率下,超声强化速率的效果从反应控制区域(低操作过电位)向传质控制区(高操作过电位)过渡时而更加显著;在其它条件相同的情况下,超声对铜电化学沉积过程速率的强化程度随温度的升高而减小:超声强化速率的效果与溶液中铜离子的浓度基本无关。 相似文献
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为了简便、直观地测量功率超声珩磨磨削区的空化声场强度及分布情况,提出了利用弱酸PH试纸测量磨削区空化声场的方法。利用超声空化效应产生的弱酸空化泡在PH试纸表面溃灭后,形成深浅和分布不同的变色区域,间接地表征油石表面空化声场的强弱和分布规律。通过对比不同超声频率、测试距离和时间,得出了最佳测试距离和时间。结果表明,当超声频率为18.6 kHz,距离为10 mm时,测得油石表面的空化声场强度和分布最佳。该方法可形象地评价功率超声珩磨磨削区空化声场的强度和分布情况,具有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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The radiation force float technique is extended in the present investigation, for the determination of the total radiated low ultrasonic power in the milliwatt region. It is elucidated, experimentally, using floats having a conical reflecting target comprising of new material (teflon insulated copper wire) stems with smaller diameters (0.55 and 1 mm). The sensitivity is improved with these two stems and the ultrasonic power levels are measured in the range from 1.4 to 140 mW and 4.6 to 460 mW respectively and the results are reproducible within ±5%. Limitations of float technique and factors influencing the uncertainties involved for the high quality ultrasonic power measurements are discussed. The proposed method is simple, versatile and inexpensive and can be used as an interim standard. 相似文献
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基于高功率微波辐射场分布积分方法,通过衰减、延迟、合路等技术手段,研制了一套高功率微波辐射场功率阵列测量实验装置。该装置仅利用一台示波器就可以同时测得16个不同点处的高功率微波辐射场波形,由此得到不同点处的功率密度,在辐射天线方向图旋转对称的条件下,利用编写的程序可以迅速求得单次、短脉冲高功率微波源的空间辐射功率,并在X波段相对论返波管高功率微波源功率测试中得到应用,为高功率微波功率测量特别是单次HPM功率测量,提供了一种新的功率测量阵列装置。 相似文献
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多路激光打靶精度在惯性约束聚变实验中起着至关重要的作用,提出了基于X光针孔相机的激光打靶精度测试方法。根据显微镜读取的靶平面坐标系的靶孔中心坐标及打多孔靶后X光针孔相机所记录的靶孔中心坐标,建立靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系;通过打焦斑靶,建立焦斑模板,采用套模板的方法,读取X光针孔相机坐标系中焦斑中心坐标;由靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系,求出靶平面坐标系中焦斑中心坐标,计算得到激光打靶精度,分析打靶精度测试结果的不确定度,从而给出多路激光打靶精度测量技术和方法。 相似文献
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多路激光打靶精度在惯性约束聚变实验中起着至关重要的作用,提出了基于X光针孔相机的激光打靶精度测试方法。根据显微镜读取的靶平面坐标系的靶孔中心坐标及打多孔靶后X光针孔相机所记录的靶孔中心坐标,建立靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系;通过打焦斑靶,建立焦斑模板,采用套模板的方法,读取X光针孔相机坐标系中焦斑中心坐标;由靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系,求出靶平面坐标系中焦斑中心坐标,计算得到激光打靶精度,分析打靶精度测试结果的不确定度,从而给出多路激光打靶精度测量技术和方法。 相似文献
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S. Nagai 《Ultrasonics》1985,23(2):77-82
An optical heterodyne method is presented for measuring the Raman-Nath parameter of ultrasound. A light beam passes through a phase grating induced by ultrasound and then is recombined with another beam of light at a shifted frequency. The interference distribution of the two light beams is measured by a photodetector placed in the Fresnel region. The Raman-Nath parameter is determined from the amplitudes of frequency components in the beat signal and is independent of observation position. A theoretical analysis is given which includes pulsed ultrasound. Acoustic power determined using the technique is shown to agree fairly well with the radiation force method. Acoustic fields from a linear array transducer are also investigated. A problem involved in focused ultrasound is discussed. 相似文献
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Progress in developing a new measurement method for ultrasound output power is described. It is a thermal-based technique with the acoustic power generated by a transducer being absorbed within a specially developed polyurethane rubber material, whose high absorption coefficient ensures energy deposition within a few mm of the ultrasonic wave entering the material. The rate of change of temperature at the absorber surface is monitored using the pyroelectric voltage generated from electrodes disposed either side of a 60 mm diameter, 0.061 mm thick membrane of the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf) bonded to the absorber. The change in the pyroelectric output voltage generated by the sensor when the transducer is switched ON and OFF is proportional to the delivered ultrasound power. The sensitivity of the device is defined as the magnitude of these switch voltages to a unit input stimulus of power (watt). Three important aspects of the performance of the pyroelectric sensor have been studied. Firstly, measurements have revealed that the temperature dependent sensitivity increases over the range from approximately 20 °C to 30 °C at a rate of +1.6% °C−1. Studies point to the key role that the properties of both the absorbing backing layer and pvdf membrane play in controlling the sensor response. Secondly, the high sensitivity of the technique has been demonstrated using an NPL Pulsed Checksource, a 3.5 MHz focused transducer delivering a nominal acoustic power level of 4 mW. Finally, proof-of-concept of a new type of acoustic sensor responding to time-averaged intensity has been demonstrated, through fabrication of an absorber-backed hydrophone of nominal active element diameter 0.4 mm. A preliminary study using such a device to resolve the spatial distribution of acoustic intensity within plane-piston and focused 3.5 MHz acoustic fields has been completed. Derived beam profiles are compared to conventional techniques that depend on deriving intensity from acoustic pressure measurements made using the sensor as a calibrated hydrophone. 相似文献
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