饱和食盐水比热容的测量

在室温下分别利用散热法、混合法对饱和食盐水的比热容进行测量,通过比较推知饱和食盐水比热容的值大约为3.212～3.243J/（g.K）。所得结果的可靠性主要与实验的系统误差有关。     

由相对不确定度研究气体比热容比的测量仪器选择

该实验利用测量气体比热容比的经典装置,证明小球装置中做简谐振动,并依据周期推导气体比热容比理论公式,分析了测定气体比热容比的误差来源采用计算机实时测量技术获得气体在任意时刻的压强,利用比热容比的相对不确定度确定了测量仪器,从而利用精确的测量量求得气体比热容比值,利用确定的仪器测量,最终实验相对百分误差控制在0.5％.     

测量不确定度的评定与表示

测量不确定度和如何正确评定与表示，是个极其重要的问题，文章指出了研究不确定度的意义，介绍了不确定度的有关概念，按实际工作的测量模型，给出了标准不确定度Ａ类、Ｂ类评定的各种具体方法，提出了标准不确定度的俣成方法与展伸不确定度的给出方法，对不确定度评定与表示的程序进行了汇总，并举出了应用实例。     

基于联系数的空气比热容比实验不确定度近似算法改进

利用联系数客观地刻划出空气比热容比实验不确定度计算中存在的不确定性,据此改进了空气比热容比实验不确定度近似计算法,所得结果更加符合客观实际。     

测量不确定度的一些新概念的分析与讨论

介绍不确定度与误差在定义主计算方法上的区别,讨论不确定度新概念的特点和优越性,并说明在物理实验教学中采用不确定度的必要性。     

测量的误差和不确定度

本给出了测量的误差和不确定度的概念，并阐述了它们之间的联系和区别。     

测量不确定度的有效位数

本文从计算标准偏差的不确定度出发,探讨了测量不确定度的有效位数与测量次数及不确定度首数的关系．     

基于测量不确定度评定的数据处理方法

中利用直接测量量和间接测量量的测量不确定度评定方法,根据误差理论的教学经验与实践,给出了直接测量量和间接测量量的实验数据处理的具体方法步骤,并结合实际的测量数据,举例说明了如何运用直接测量量和间接测量量的实验数据处理方法,既便于学生理解又利于他们更好地掌握。     

相对不确定度在大学物理实验测量中的应用

相对不确定度是定量分析测量结果不能确定的严重程度的一个重要物理量,如何减小相对不确定度不仅与测量方法有关,而且与测量仪器也有着很大的关系。本文从几个具体的大学物理实验测量中,研究如何利用测量结果相对不确定度来选择测量样品的数量或测量仪器,从而减小测量结果的相对不确定度,以便减小测量误差,提高测量结果准确程度。     

波导波长测量的不确定度评定

本文根据国际计量局《不确定度的规定建议书INC—1》(1980)和中国计量科学研究院《不确定度应用办法》(1985),对微波系统中的主要参数之一波导波长的测量结果进行了分析和不确定度的评定,并给出了各分量的完整清单,说明了其数值的获得方法。     

盐岩样品中钙的分析不确定度评定

对EDTA容量法测定盐岩样品中Ca2+含量的分析过程,详细地分析了引入的不确定度来源:分析结果的不确定度由标准溶液配制及EDTA溶液的标定、样品的制备及样品的分析过程、样品均匀性及检验重复性等分量引入的不确定度组成,求得测量结果的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为0.70%和1.40%。     

焓差法空调制冷量测量不确定度分析

介绍了焓差法空调测试系统及测量原理,分析了焓差法空调测试过程中各个量的不确定度来源以及评定方法,并以实验数据为基础,对具体的实验数据进行了分析计算。提出了减小焓差法空调测试系统测量不确定度的途径,以提高测量的准确性和测量数据的可信度。     

Estimation of Uncertainty in an Analytical Inverse Heat Conduction Solution

The method of sequential perturbations is applied to find the uncertainty in estimated surface temperature and heat flux from a two-dimensional analytical inverse heat conduction problem related to impinging jet quenching experiments. It is shown that for meaningful uncertainty estimates, the inverse solution itself must be formulated such that it can be interpreted as giving average surface conditions over a small period of time and space. A procedure for estimating the time and space resolution limits of the solution is proposed.     

Specific heat of graphene nanoribbons

We studied the specific heat of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using an extended force constant model. We found that at low temperature, the specific heat decreases, and its variation with temperature increases with increasing GNR width. However, the specific heat increases with increasing GNR width after crossing a chaotic region. Free boundary conditions, -CHOH-terminated and armchair-edge-induced phonon nondegeneracy, shift and distortion and localized vibrational modes significantly influence GNR specific heat compared with periodic boundary conditions and bare and zigzag edges in GNRs. Finally, we found a uniform expression for specific heat vs. width at every temperature except for the chaotic region.     

固体比热容测定实验的研究

从牛顿冷却定律入手,对固体比热容测定实验的散热修正原理进行了理论分析,并根据理论分析对传统的实验方案进行改进,不仅降低了实验操作难度,减小了误差,而且有助于学生实践创新能力的培养。     

矿石中金的分析不确定度评定

针对原子吸收光谱法测定金矿石中金的实验过程,详细地分析了引入的不确定度来源。测定结果的不确定度由标准配制、样品制备、曲线拟合、样品均匀性及检验重复性4个部分引入的不确定度分量组成,样品制备过程中考虑了活性炭吸附率的影响,求得测量结果的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为0.043μg/g和0.09μg/g。     

Specific heat of a BCS superconductor

By expressing the free energy as an appropriate temperature integration over the square of the BCS energy gap function and by substituting simple but accurate analytic expressions for the latter, corresponding expressions are obtained for the specific heat in the superconducting state. In the upper portion of the temperature range, the ratio of the specific heats in the superconducting and normal states is 2.43 (1 + 0.936 in t), to better than one per cent accuracy, where t is the reduced temperature. Thus, the semilog plot of temperature versus the ratio of specific heat to temperature is a straight line over a large portion of one decade of specific heat. Corresponding expressions of similar simplicity and accuracy are obtained for the middle and low temperature ranges.     

The Effect of Space Dimensions on a Generalized Hydrogen-Atom Specific Heat in the Generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs Statistics

In this article, the effect of the space dimensions on the generalized hydrogen-atom specific heat in the generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is studied. The temperature dependence of the specific heat for a few different values of q and for different low space dimensions using Tsallis statistics is numerically calculated. The results indicate that for a fixed value of q, as the space dimension increases the temperature range where the specific heat has a nonzero value, decreases, while the general behavior of the specific heat does not show any change. Also, there exits a q-independent quantity related to two specific temperatures of the system which is almost linearly dependent on the space dimensions.