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1.
The fundamental properties and extraction capability of an ionic liquid (IL), trioctylammonium nitrate ([HTOA][NO3]), for PdII and PtIV, are investigated. At room temperature, [HTOA][NO3] is a solid (melting point: 30.7 °C), but it becomes a liquid (melting point: 16.7 °C) when saturated with water. Water-saturated [HTOA][NO3] exhibits a viscosity of 267.1 mPa·s and an aqueous solubility of 2.821?×?10?4 mol·dm?3 at 25 °C, and can be used as an extraction solvent without dilution. [HTOA][NO3] exhibits an extremely high extraction capability for PdII and PtIV in dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1–2 mol·dm?3 HCl); the distribution ratio reaches 3 × 104 for both the metals. From electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, the species extracted in the IL phase are [PdCl3]? and [PdCl2(NO3)]? for PdII and [PtCl6]2? and [PtCl5]? for PtIV. A majority of the other transition metals are considerably less or marginally extracted into [HTOA][NO3] from a 0.1 mol·dm?3 hydrochloric acid solution. The extraction capacity of [HTOA][NO3] is greater than that of other hydrophobic ILs such as [HTOA]Cl and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based ILs. The metals extracted into the IL phase are quantitatively back-extracted using an aqueous solution containing thiourea and nitric acid. By controlling the thiourea concentration and shaking time, PdII and PtIV are mutually separated to some extent in the back extraction process. The IL phase used for the back extraction can be reused for the forward extraction of these metals after scrubbing it with an aqueous nitric acid solution. 相似文献
2.
Extraction of gallium(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions with hydrochloride of diethylenetriamine [N-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine] N,N'-diacylated with neodecanoic acid was studied using chloroform as diluent. Gallium(III) can be effectively recovered from 6–10 M HCl solutions and selectively separated from indium(III), aluminum(III), and zinc(II). The concentration constant and thermodynamic parameters of the anion-exchange extraction of gallium(III) from 6 M HCl solutions were evaluated. 相似文献
3.
The interaction of palladium(II) and platinum(II) with tin(II) chloride in hydrochloric acid solutions was studied by flow-injection (FI) spectrophotometry. It was found using kinetic measurements in the stopped flow mode that the composition of detected products and the rate of their formation depend on the concentrations of tin(II) and chloride ions in the reaction zone and on the acidity of the solution. Optimal FI conditions were found, and the selectivity of interaction of palladium(II) with tin(II) chloride was estimated for the detection of the signal at 407 nm (yellow form) and 646 nm (green form). It was demonstrated that the reaction of the formation of yellow platinum(IV) complexes is slower than that for palladium(II), especially at rather low concentrations of hydrochloric acid in the reaction flow. Based on the detection of green complexes of palladium(II) with tin(II) chloride, a flow injection method was proposed for the selective spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) in the presence of other platinum-group metals. The height of the recorded peak is directly proportional to the concentration of palladium(II) in the injected solution in the range of 0.028–0.300 mM. The method was used for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and industrial catalysts. 相似文献
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5.
Kononova O. N. Duba E. V. Efimova A. S. Ivanov A. I. Krylov A. S. 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2020,94(4):828-834
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The ion exchange sorption of the platinum(IV) chloride complexes in the presence of silver(I) chloro complexes from 2 and 4 M aqueous solutions of... 相似文献
6.
G. R. Anpilogova L. A. Baeva R. M. Nugumanov A. A. Fatykhov Yu. I. Murinov 《Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》2018,63(8):1100-1106
Palladium(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions with a novel weakly basic complexing reagent, 4-[(hexylsulfanyl)methyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, dissolved in chloroform was studied. Palladium(II) was found to be highly efficiently extracted from 0.1–3 mol/L HCl solutions. A coordination mechanism of palladium(II) extraction with a protonated form of the reagent via fast interphase transfer of ion associates was proposed. The composition of the extracted compound, [PdCl2μ-L]n (n > 2), was found, and the way of coordination of the reagent to metal ions through N(2) nitrogen atom and thioether sulfur atom was determined. The reagent can be recommended for concentrating palladium(II) and selectively separating it from platinum(IV), copper(II), nickel(II), and iron(III). 相似文献
7.
Ion-Exchange Sorption of Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions in the Presence of Silver(I)
Kononova O. N. Duba E. V. Medovikov D. V. Krylov A. S. 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2018,92(10):2053-2059
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The sorptive extraction of palladium(II) chloride complexes in the presence of silver(I) chloride complexes from 2 and 4 M aqueous solutions of HCl with a... 相似文献
8.
M. Wisniewski 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,246(3):693-696
The commercial extractant Acorga CLX-50 and model individual di-2-ethylhexyl pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate and 2-ethylhexyl pyridine-3-carboxylate in toluene were used for palladium(II) extraction from aqueous HCl solutions. The studies of extraction rate and equilibrium were carried out in systems containing palladium(II) ions in 3.0, 0.1, and 0.1M HCl in the presence of 0.5M sodium chloride and in 0.1M HCl in the presence of 0.1–6.0M lithium chloride and in 0.1M HCl in the presence 0.1–3.5M sodium nitrate. The examined extractants can efficiently extract palladium(II) from aqueous hydrochloric acid and nitrate solutions. The extraction is slow and equilibrium is obtained after 2 hours. The best extraction of palladium(II) is observed from 0.1M HCl solution in the presence of 3.5M sodium nitrate. A spontaneous transfer of palladium(II) to the toluene phase without any phase mixing is also observed. 相似文献
9.
Potapov V. V. Khisamutdinov R. A. Murinov Yu. I. Baeva L. A. Ulendeeva A. D. Lyapina N. K. 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2001,74(7):1098-1102
Extraction of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) from acidic chloride solutions with solutions of 3,7-dimethyl-5-thianonane-2,8-dione in toluene and chloroform and complexation of this reagent with platinum metals in aqueous acetone were studied by 1Hand 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The possibility of extractive separation of palladium(II) from platinum(IV) and their separation from Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with solutions of 3,7-dimethyl-5-thianonane-2,8-dione in organic solvents was studied. The apparent concentration constants of extraction of palladium(II) and platinum(VI) with 3,7-dimethyl-5-thianonane-2,8-dione and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were determined. 相似文献
10.
Distribution of HCl and Pd(II) among aqueous solutions of HCl and the product of electric-arc evaporation of graphite, fullerene black, impregnated with trioctylamine was studied. 相似文献
11.
The use of [Pd(H2O)2(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] (CF3SO3)2 as a catalyst for the acetalisation of a variety of aldehydes and ketones and for trans-acetalisation is described. It is also shown that Pt(H2O)2(PH2PCH2CH2PPh2) (CF3SO3)2 is at least as effective as the corresponding Pd compound, while much lower reaction rates are observed with [Rh(MeOH)2(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] [BF4]. 相似文献
12.
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The possibility of selective recovery of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) in the batch mode with heterochain complexing sorbents of polycondensation type from... 相似文献
13.
Experimental Study of Zirconium(IV) Extraction from Fluoride-Containing Acid Solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zirconium(IV) extraction from acid solutions was studied, and the optimal parameters of the process were found. Extractants for zirconium(IV) recovery from nitric and sulfuric acid solutions in the presence of fluoride ions were selected. The distribution coefficients of zirconium(IV) and fluoride ion were determined. 相似文献
14.
The reactions of platinum(II) iodide with triethyl‐ or trimethylsulfonium iodide in acetonitrile solution lead to the formation of crystalline products (Et3S)2[PtI6] ( 1 ) and [Me3S]2[PtI6]·CH3CN ( 2 ), respectively. The formation of Pt(IV) complexes may be explained either by disproportionation of PtI2 or oxidation by oxygen. Palladium(II) iodide reacts with triethylsulfonium iodide to give the palladium(II) complex (Et3S)2[PdI4] ( 3 ). The crystal structures of 1 – 3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the crystal structures, the compounds 2 and 3 exhibit an extensive hydrogen‐bonding network. 相似文献
15.
“超浓盐酸”介质中钯微乳萃取行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用多种分子谱学的表征手段, 研究了萃钯有机相中由于酸的共萃导致溶液微观聚集态结构的变化. 研究结果表明, 与高酸度盐酸水溶液平衡后的TBP载钯有机相微乳水团中形成了浓度远大于常规饱和浓盐酸的“超浓盐酸”; 微乳水团内H+和Cl-的大量聚集增浓对Pd离子的络合配位状态产生影响, H+参与了Pd离子配位状态的转变; 有机相“超浓盐酸”形成后, 使得微乳水团中大量存在的H+有可能参与调控水团中各种HmPdClnz+络合离子配位状态的相对含量. 被H+活化的TBP表面活性剂与钯离子的各种配位状态的匹配程度最终决定了钯的萃取行为. 相似文献
16.
Neudachina L. K. Kholmogorova A. S. Puzyrev I. S. Galieva Z. R. 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2018,92(11):2309-2314
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - A polysiloxane with attached groups of rubeanic acid is proposed for the extraction of silver(I), platinum(IV) and palladium(II) from dilute aqueous... 相似文献
17.
When the platinum(II) and palladium(II) salts interact with ligands such as cystamine-(mercamine) HSCH2CH2NH2 and 2-mercaptoethanol HSCH2CH2OH under certain conditions, polynuclear complexes of the compositions are obtained: [Pt6(SCH2CH2NH2)8]Cl4. 5H2O and [Pd6(SCH2CH2OH)8]Cl4. In a comparative study of the IR and X-ray spectra of synthesized complexes and ligands, as well as the results of X-ray diffraction studies, it was established that sulfur atoms of 2-mercaptoethanol occupy a bridge position with a mixed coordination of ligands in the palladium complex. In the platinum(II) complex bidentate coordination of ligands is realized through sulfur and nitrogen atoms. 相似文献
18.
Kiran A. Thabaj Shivamurti A. Chimatadar Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2006,31(2):186-193
The kinetics of oxidation of PdII by CeIV have been studied spectrophotometrically in HClO4 media at 40 °C. The reaction is first order each in [CeIV] and [PdII] at constant [H+]. Increasing [H+] accelerates the reaction rate with fractional order in [H+]. The initially added products, palladium(IV) and cerium(III) do not have any significant effect on the reaction rate. At
constant acidity, increasing the added chloride concentration enhances the rate of reaction. H3Ce(SO4)4− and PdCl42− are the active species of oxidant and reductant respectively. The possible mechanisms are proposed and the reaction constants
involved have been determined. 相似文献
19.
Rapid Solvent Extraction of Tin(IV) with High Molecular Weight Amine from Hydrochloric Acid Solution
A novel method has been developed for the solvent extraction of tin(IV) from 8 M hydrochloric acid with 4% N‐n‐octylaniline. Tin(IV) from the organic phase was determined spectrophotometrically with pyrocatechol violet at 550 nm. Extraction was found to be quantitative in the range of 7–10 M hydrochloric acid. When the concentration of N‐n‐octylaniline was varied from 0.05–20% in xylene, it showed that optimum concentration was > 3%. Amongst diluents like benzene and xylene, toluene was found to be an effective diluent. Effect of shaking time, concentration of metal ion, and salting out agents was studied. Tolerance limits of various diverse ions were determined by masking interfering cations. Tin(IV) was separated from associated elements in its binary mixture with Se(IV), Sb(III), Bi(III), Pb(II), Au(III), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and from its ternary mixtures with Sb(III), Bi(III) and Cu(II), Au(III). The proposed method was applied for separation and determination of tin(IV) in tin bearing alloys and foodstuffs. 相似文献