Author Keywords: Infrared spectrometry; Fourier transform; Wall and canvas painting analysis; Restoration/conservation of works of art 相似文献
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1.
Leonardo Brizi Villiam Bortolotti Giulia Marmotti Mara Camaiti 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(9):889-901
Paintings on canvas are complex structures created by superimposing layers of different composition. Investigations on the structure of these artworks can provide essential information on their state of conservation, pictorial technique, possible overpaintings, and in planning a proper conservation plan. Standard methods of investigation consist in sampling a limited number of fragments for stratigraphic analyses. Despite the recognized validity of these methods, they are affected by evident limitations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling, often named NMR stratigraphy, is an NMR relaxometry technique applied by single-sided portable devices developed to overcome the disadvantages of microinvasive stratigraphic analyses. The potential of this approach on artworks, including wall paintings and a few examples of painted canvas, is described in the literature. In this study, NMR profiles of painting on canvas were examined by analyzing transverse relaxation time data by T2 quasi-continuous distributions and the results compared with standard stratigraphic cross-sections analysis. Combining signal intensity and T2 quasi-continuous distributions, the identification of textile, preparatory, and paint layers was enhanced. The diction “NMR stratigraphy” for these inhomogeneous layered artworks is also discussed. Indeed, unlike the stratigraphic cross-sections, NMR profiles provide information on a volume (flat slice), rather than on a surface, and the collected signal can derive from nonuniform and partially overlapping layers. This study paves the way for extensive investigations on relaxation time quasi-continuous distributions in various binder/pigment mixtures in order to improve the reliability of NMR profile as an innovative, non–invasive, and nondestructive method for analyzing paintings on canvas. 相似文献
2.
Franziska Busse Christian Rehorn Markus Küppers Naira Ruiz Heike Stege Bernhard Blümich 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(9):830-839
Mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a flexible technique for nondestructive characterization of water in plants, the physical properties of polymers, moisture in porous walls, or the binder in paintings by relaxation measurements. NMR relaxation data report material properties and therefore can also help to characterize the state of tangible cultural heritage. In this work, we discuss the relaxation behavior in two series of naturally aged paint mock-up samples. First, paints with different pigment concentrations were prepared and investigated in terms of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation-time distributions. We document the evolution of both relaxation-time distributions during the initial drying stage and demonstrate the heightened importance of transverse over longitudinal relaxation measurements. Second, we observe nonlinear dependences of the relaxation times on the pigment concentration in a typical oil binder. Third, in a study of naturally aged paint samples prepared in the years between 1914 and 1951 and subsequently aged under controlled conditions, we explore the possibility of determining the age of paintings using partial least square regression (PLS) by fitting T1–T2 data with the sample age. Our results suggest some correlation, albeit with significant scatter. Estimating the age of a painting stored under unknown conditions from NMR relaxation data is therefore not feasible, as the cumulative effects of light irradiation, humidity, and biological degradation further obfuscate the chemical and physical impact of aging on the relaxation times in addition to the impact of pigment concentration. 相似文献
3.
Acrylic emulsion paint is among the most common media employed by 20th century artists. Since early acrylic paintings have begun to require the attention of conservators, scientists are working to characterize the properties of these paints to facilitate conservation efforts. In this study, we report an investigation of the physical and chemical properties of acrylic emulsion paints using single-sided NMR in conjunction with gloss measurements and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry. Combining the data from these techniques gives insight into pigment-base interactions and the acrylic curing process, showing that as pigment concentration is increased in paints, the amount of acrylic base adsorbed to pigment particles increases, resulting in films with differing relaxation times. This research both emphasizes and contextualizes the utility of NMR relaxometry in studying cultural heritage objects and prompts further study into the effects of pigment concentration on the curing and conservation of paint films. 相似文献
4.
Jaclyn Catalano Valeria Di Tullio Molly Wagner Nicholas Zumbulyadis Silvia A. Centeno Cecil Dybowski 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(9):798-811
Heavy metal carboxylate or soap formation is a widespread deterioration problem affecting oil paintings and other works of art bearing oil-based media. Lead soaps are prevalent in traditional oil paintings because lead white was the white pigment most frequently chosen by old masters for the paints and in some cases for the ground preparations, until the development of other white pigments from approximately the middle of the 18th century on, and because of the wide use of lead-tin yellow. In the latter part of the 19th century, lead white began to be replaced by zinc white. The factors that influence soap formation have been the focus of intense study starting in the late 1990s. Since 2014, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies have contributed a unique perspective on the issue by providing chemical, structural, and dynamic information about the species involved in the process, as well as the effects of environmental conditions such as relative humidity and temperature on the kinetics of the reaction(s). In this review, we explore recent insights into soap formation gained through solid-state NMR and single-sided NMR techniques. 相似文献
5.
Nazzareno Gabrielli 《Natural product research》2019,33(7):926-936
AbstractThe restoration of the funeral monument of Innocent VIII (Giovan-Battista Cibo, 1484–1492) was executed by Sante Guido with the support of the Knights of Columbus. The praiseworthy intervention aimed at restoring the monument from polluting aerodynamic agents has at the same time enabled a careful study of the work regarding, above all, the authenticity of the current coloring in relation to the original presentation intended by Antonio del Pollaiolo. In particular, an attempt has been made to uncover the historical vicissitudes of the work: from its realization to the present restoration. In this regard, I would like to recall that, as reported by Pasquale Rotondi, the restoration of a work is a very special moment in which it is possible to carry out all the studies aimed at understanding the causes which have determined its state of conservation, as well as, of course, its constituent elements and its implementing methods. 相似文献
6.
Luigi Campanella Francesca Grimaldi Susanne Plattner Alessandra Baiocco 《Natural product research》2019,33(7):940-942
AbstractThe application of algae to the most meaningful fields of our life, such as food, environment and energy, finds a further confirmation in the extension of this application to cultural heritage protection. In this letter, we present the results of a preliminary study testing how a polysaccharide extracted from algal matrix can restore degraded paper giving back it mechanical strength and chemical structure. 相似文献
7.
Marine Cotte Victor Gonzalez Frederik Vanmeert Letizia Monico Catherine Dejoie Manfred Burghammer Loïc Huder Wout de Nolf Stuart Fisher Ida Fazlic Christelle Chauffeton Gilles Wallez Núria Jimnez Francesc Albert-Tortosa Nati Salvad Elena Possenti Chiara Colombo Marta Ghirardello Daniela Comelli Ermanno Avranovich Clerici Riccardo Vivani Aldo Romani Claudio Costantino Koen Janssens Yoko Taniguchi Joanne McCarthy Harald Reichert Jean Susini 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(6)
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines—ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses—with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood. 相似文献
8.
This paper explores the application of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to the examination of historic blue pigments and blue tempera paintings commonly found on works of art. The discussion is mainly focused on the practical benefits of using this technique joined to principal component analysis (PCA), a powerful multivariate analysis tool. Thanks to the study of several replica samples that contain either pure blue pigments (azurite, lapis lazuli and smalt), or pure binder (rabbit glue) and mixtures of each of the pigments with the binder (tempera samples), different aspects of these benefits are highlighted. Comparative results of direct spectra and multivariate analysis using transmittance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (T-FTIR) are discussed throughout this study. Results showed an excellent ability of PCA on DRIFT spectra for discriminating replica samples according to differing composition. Several IR regions were tested with this aim; the fingerprint IR region exhibited the best ability for successfully clustering the samples. The presence of the binder was also discriminated. Only using this approach it was possible to completely separate all the studied replica samples. This demonstrates the potential benefits of this approach in identifying historical pigments and binders for conservation and restoration purposes in the field of Cultural Heritage. 相似文献
9.
Anna Worobiec Lucyna Samek Zoya Spolnik Velichka Kontozova Elzbieta Stefaniak René Van Grieken 《Mikrochimica acta》2006,156(3-4):253-261
The St. Michael Archangel’s Church in Szalowa, Poland, was selected for closer investigation with respect to the indoor/outdoor
air exchange and its influence on the air quality and work arts preservation. Chemical composition, size and abundance of
particulate matter and concentration of gases NO2, SO2, O3 inside and outside the church were determined. To study seasonal variation of the weather condition (temperature, inversion
level, wind direction) and the influence of seasonal sources of the air pollution (like heating of the nearby houses), samples
were collected in winter and summer time. It was stated that suspended particulate matter inside the wooden church has in
general an outdoor source. Several groups of particles were distinguished such as the organic ones, soil dust, nitrates and
sulphates. In case of organic and soil dust particles, the concentration inside was higher than outside. From the results,
in comparison to literature data, one can conclude that accumulation of particulate suspended matter in the church is more
intense than in other types of buildings. Gaseous pollutants were detected but their concentration was negligible. 相似文献
10.
Extending the scope of NMR spectroscopy with microcoil probes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Capillary NMR (CapNMR) spectroscopy has emerged as a major breakthrough for increasing the mass-sensitivity of NMR spectroscopic analysis and enabling the combination of NMR spectroscopy with other analytical techniques. Not only is the acquisition of high-sensitivity spectra getting easier but the quality of CapNMR spectra obtained in many small-molecule applications exceeds what can be accomplished with conventional designs. This Minireview discusses current CapNMR technology and its applications for the characterization of mass-limited, small-molecule and protein samples, the rapid screening of small-molecule or protein libraries, as well as hyphenated techniques that combine CapNMR with other analytical methods. 相似文献
11.
M. T. Dom nech Carb F. Bosch Reig J. V. Gimeno Adelantado V. Periz Martí nez 《Analytica chimica acta》1996,330(2-3):207-215
This paper is a study of the analytical capacity of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for any type of samples from works of art. The analytical information obtained with this technique on organic and inorganic compounds is extremely useful in the preliminary studies necessary for diagnosis and to decide on the conservation process. This paper reports the analysis and study with FT-IR on samples extracted from the microlayers in several works of art from different periods (16th to 18th century) comprising wall paintings and canvas. The most outstanding of these being the frescoes by A. Palomino from two ceilings in the Santos Juanes church. The analytical procedures for the different components of the works studied such as
1. (a) varnish applied to wood panels and canvas paintings,
2. (b) binding media and pigments used by the artists,
3. (c) inerts, mortars, stuccos and grounds have been optimized. The FT-IR technique offers a quick analysis of microsamples (less than 0.5 mg) and is able to characterise the different molecular groups which provide information on the nature of the different materials of organic and inorganic origin used by the artist and thus permits the diagnosis of pathologies requiring conservation treatment.
12.
Miguel Feliz Josep M. Ribó Antonio Salgado Francesc R. Trull María Asunción Vallès 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1989,120(5):445-451
Summary The1H NMR spectra of Biliverdin IX and Mesobiliverdin XIII were studied in order to explain their low resolution in CDCl3/CD3OD solvent mixtures. The smallT
2 andT
1 values of these1H NMR spectra are probably due to aggregate formation promoted by the presence of the free propionic acid substituents.
1H-NMR-Spektren von mit freien Propionsäureresten substituierten Biliverdinen
Zusammenfassung Es wurden die1H-NMR-Spektren von Biliverdin IX und Mesobiliverdin XIII untersucht. In CDCl3/CD3OD-Mischungen erhält man eine schlechte Auflösung. Die niedrigenT 1-undT 2-Werte lassen sich durch eine Aggregatbildung erklären, die durch die freien Propionsäuregruppen verursacht wird.相似文献
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14.
Erick Ortega-Villamagua Marco Gudio-Gomezjurado Alex Palma-Cando 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(23)
Microbiologically induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a well-known biogeochemical process that allows the formation of calcium carbonate deposits in the extracellular environment. The high concentration of carbonate and calcium ions on the bacterial surface, which serves as nucleation sites, promotes the calcium carbonate precipitation filling and binding deteriorated materials. Historic buildings and artwork, especially those present in open sites, are susceptible to enhanced weathering resulting from environmental agents, interaction with physical-chemical pollutants, and living organisms, among others. In this work, some published variations of a novel and ecological surface treatment of heritage structures based on MICP are presented and compared. This method has shown to be successful as a restoration, consolidation, and conservation tool for improvement of mechanical properties and prevention of unwanted gas and fluid migration from historical materials. The treatment has revealed best results on porous media matrixes; nevertheless, it can also be applied on soil, marble, concrete, clay, rocks, and limestone. MICP is proposed as a potentially safe and powerful procedure for efficient conservation of worldwide heritage structures. 相似文献
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16.
Pierre Thureau Simone Sturniolo Miri Zilka Fabio Ziarelli Stéphane Viel Jonathan R. Yates Giulia Mollica 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2019,57(5):256-264
Structure determination of functional organic compounds remains a formidable challenge when the sample exists as a powder. Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography approaches based on the comparison of experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT)-computed 1H chemical shifts have already demonstrated great potential for structure determination of organic powders, but limitations still persist. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using 13C-13C dipolar couplings quantified on powdered theophylline at natural isotopic abundance with the help of dynamic nuclear polarization, to realize a DFT-free, rapid screening of a pool of structures predicted by ab initio random structure search. We show that although 13C-13C dipolar couplings can identify structures possessing long range structural motifs and unit cell parameters close to those of the true structure, it must be complemented with other data to recover information about the presence and the chemical nature of the supramolecular interactions. 相似文献
17.
Jonathan Farjon 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2017,55(10):883-892
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in numerous domains where molecules are objects of investigation. However, major limitations of multidimensional NMR experiments come from their low sensitivity and from the long times needed for their acquisition. In order to overcome such limitations, fast repetition NMR techniques allowed for the reduction of 2D experimental time and for the conversion of the gained time into a higher number of scans leading to a better sensitivity. Thus, fast repetition 2D heteronuclear NMR techniques have allowed new advances in NMR, especially to access infomation on low abundant nuclei, to enhance the detection of low concentrated compounds and to probe weak interactions like hydrogen bonds at natural abundance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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19.
Alexandra Primikyri Georgios Papamokos Themistoklis Venianakis Marianna Sakka Vassiliki G. Kontogianni Ioannis P. Gerothanassis 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(18)
Artemisinin is known to bind to the main plasma protein carrier serum albumin (SA); however, there are no atomic level structural data regarding its binding mode with serum albumin. Herein, we employed a combined strategy of saturation transfer difference (STD), transfer nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (TR-NOESY), STD–total correlation spectroscopy (STD-TOCSY), and Interligand Noes for PHArmacophore Mapping (INPHARMA) NMR methods and molecular docking calculations to investigate the structural basis of the interaction of artemisinin with human and bovine serum albumin (HSA/BSA). A significant number of inter-ligand NOEs between artemisinin and the drugs warfarin and ibuprofen as well as docking calculations were interpreted in terms of competitive binding modes of artemisinin in the warfarin (FA7) and ibuprofen (FA4) binding sites. STD NMR experiments demonstrate that artemisinin is the main analyte for the interaction of the A. annua extract with BSA. The combined strategy of NMR and docking calculations of the present work could be of general interest in the identification of the molecular basis of the interactions of natural products with their receptors even within a complex crude extract. 相似文献