掺杂在有机场效应晶体管中的应用进展

有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)作为一种新型的电子器件,以其柔性、可大规模简单制备等优势获得了广泛的关注。 但是,OFETs面临着器件性能不足、调控手段复杂等问题。人们尝试使用掺杂对这些问题加以解决。 本文结合本课题组的相关工作,对掺杂技术在OFETs上的应用进行归纳、总结和展望。     

Organic transistor for bioelectronic applications

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are recently considered to be attractive candidate for bioelectronic applications owing to their prominent biocompatibility, intrinsical flexibility, and potentially low cost associated with their solution processibility. Over the last few years, bioelectronic-application-motivated OFETs have attracted increasing attention towards next generation of biosensors, healthcare elements and artificial neural interfaces. This mini review highlights the basic principles and recent progress in OFET based bioelectronics devices. The key strategies and the forecast perspectives of this research field are also briefly summarized.     

Ladder‐Type Heteroarene‐Based Organic Semiconductors

The fusion of heteroaromatic rings into ladder‐type heteroarenes can stabilize frontier molecular orbitals and lead to improved physicochemical properties that are beneficial for applications in various optoelectronic devices. Thus, ladder‐type heteroarenes, which feature highly planar backbones and well‐delocalized π conjugation, have recently emerged as a promising type of organic semiconductor with excellent device performance in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). In this Focus Review, we summarize the recent advances in ladder‐type heteroarene‐based organic semiconductors, such as hole‐ and electron‐transporting molecular semiconductors, and fully ladder‐type conjugated polymers towards their applications in OPVs and OFETs. The recent use of ladder‐type small‐molecule acceptor materials has strikingly boosted the power conversion efficiency of fullerene‐free solar cells, and selected examples of the latest developments in ladder‐type fused‐ring electron acceptor materials are also elaborated.     

有机场效应晶体管应用于化学及生物传感的研究进展

有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)是以有机半导体材料作为有源层的晶体管器件。和传统的无机半导体器件相比,由于其具有成本低、易加工、柔性好和生物相容性而被人们广泛研究,在多种化学和生物传感器领域具有潜在而广泛的应用前景。本文简单介绍了OFETs的结构和工作原理,总结了近几年来OFETs在化学及生物传感方面的研究进展,最后对OFETs的发展方向做了归纳和展望。     

Semisynthetic DNA–Protein Conjugates for Biosensing and Nanofabrication

Conjugation with artificial nucleic acids allows proteins to be modified with a synthetically accessible, robust tag. This attachment is addressable in a highly specific manner by means of molecular recognition events, such as Watson–Crick hybridization. Such DNA–protein conjugates, with their combined properties, have a broad range of applications, such as in high‐performance biomedical diagnostic assays, fundamental research on molecular recognition, and the synthesis of DNA nanostructures. This Review surveys current approaches to generate DNA–protein conjugates as well as recent advances in their applications. For example, DNA–protein conjugates have been assembled into model systems for the investigation of catalytic cascade reactions and light‐harvesting devices. Such hybrid conjugates are also used for the biofunctionalization of planar surfaces for micro‐ and nanoarrays, and for decorating inorganic nanoparticles to enable applications in sensing, materials science, and catalysis.     

Organic transistors in the new decade: Toward n-channel,printed, and stabilized devices

Significant progress has been made in designing organic semiconducting materials (OSCs) for the past few decades for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Much attention has been paid to the development of p-channel OSCs, with less but highly significant progress on n-channel OSCs. In this review, we focus on the advances made with OFETs in the last few years to achieve high performance in n-channel modes, air stability, and solution processability, leading to printable active electronics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学研究进展

近几年来,有机场效应晶体管在材料和器件方面都取得了长足的进展,成为分子电子学的一个重要方向。本文从有机半导体材料设计、有机半导体器件的构筑、单分子电子器件和纳米管在电子器件中的应用等方面,简单综述了有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学的最新研究进展。     

Progress of pyrene-based organic semiconductor in organic field effect transistors

Thanks to the pure blue emitting, high planarity, electron rich and ease of chemical modification, pyrene has been thoroughly investigated for applications in organic electronics such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic solar cells (OSCs). Especially, great progresses have been made of pyrene-based organic semiconductors for OFETs in past decades. Due to the difference of molecular structure, pyrene-based organic semiconductors are divided into three categories, pyrene as terminal group, pyrene as center core and fused pyrene derivatives. This minireview gives a brief introduction of the structure-property relationship and application in OFETs about most of pyrene-based semiconducting materials since 2006, illustrating that pyrene is a good building block to construct semiconductors with superior transport property for OFETs. Finally, we provide a summary concerning the methodology to improve the transport property of the pyrene-based semiconducting materials as well as an outlook.     

Synthesis and Application of Rylene Imide Dyes as Organic Semiconducting Materials

Rylene imide dyes have been among the most promising organic semiconducting materials for several years due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and high chemical/thermal stability. In the past decades, various excellent rylene imide dyes have been developed for optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Recently, tremendous progress of perylene diimides (PDIs) and their analogues for use in OSCs has been achieved, which can be attributed to their ease of functionalization. In this review, we will mainly focus on the synthetic strategies toward to latest PDI dyes and higher rylene imide analogues. A variety of compounds synthesized from different building blocks are summarized, and some properties and applications are discussed.     

小分子场效应晶体管

近几年来,作为新一代半导体晶体管的有机场效应晶体管(OFET)在制备技术和器件性能上都取得了很大的进步,并引起了有机半导体领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文主要介绍了常见的小分子材料在场效应晶体管中的应用,并对几种有机小分子材料的结构和场效应性能做了总结。     

Monolayer Two‐dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET‐based Chemical Sensor

The sensitivity of conventional thin‐film OFET‐based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub‐ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n‐type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two‐dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world‐record detection limit of NH₃ (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC‐OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC‐OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.     

有机半导体荧光传感材料及危险化学品检测应用

荧光传感材料作为有机半导体光电功能材料的重要组成之一,以其灵敏度高、选择性强、响应速度快等优势,成为当前化学传感领域的一个研究热点,近年来在反恐、禁毒等领域有着广泛的应用.然而目前,对荧光敏感材料各项性能参数的设计与优化,依然存在着经验性问题,需要基于构效结合思维,从待测物质的分子层次的物性认知出发,更有针对性地设计相应的传感材料.本文基于国内外前沿工作,结合本课题组多年在危险化学品荧光传感方向的经验,以爆炸物、神经毒剂和合成毒品的检测为例,对荧光敏感材料的设计原则和传感的分子级微观作用机制进行了系统论述.     

High-performance and multifunctional organic field-effect transistors

Organic field-effect transistors(OFETs) refer to field-effect transistors that use organic semiconductors as channel materials. Owing to the advantages of organic materials such as solution processability and intrinsic flexibility, OFETs are expected to be applicable in emergent technologies including wearable electronics and sensors, flexible displays, internet-of-things, neuromorphic computing, etc. Improving the electrical performance and developing multifunctionalities of OFETs are two major...     

Sol-gel polymerization of silylated amino acids around a protein template yields selective biomimetic imprints

The development of artificial receptors able to selectively recognize a target protein is of particular interest in separation, diagnostics, and therapeutics fields. Herein, we disclose a method to prepare biomimetic and functionalized protein imprints in biocompatible conditions avoiding any protein denaturation. For that purpose, a set of different hybrid silylated amino acid derivatives were synthesized and used without tetraethyl orthosilicate to prepare our molecularly imprinted polymers, allowing to reduce to a minimum of the silicon amount, in order to obtain imprints made almost entirely of amino acids to mimic paratope surfaces of antibodies. Such functional building blocks were polymerized on the surface of magnetic silica nanoparticles at pH 8.5 in ultrapure water in the presence of two globular proteins: cytochrome C or lysozyme. The resulting imprinted hybrid materials were evaluated for their adsorption capacity, specificity, and selectivity by quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation and magnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. High imprinting factors of 8.7 were measured for these biomimetic hybrid materials (corresponding to approximately 4000 and 450 ng of protein per cm² immobilized on molecularly imprinted polymers and non-imprinted polymer nanoparticles, respectively), representing a significant breakthrough in sol-gel-based molecular imprinting materials. Moreover, competition experiments performed by magnetic ELISA (mELISA) show very good specificity of our imprints at the usual concentrations of ELISA measurements.     

Organic semiconductors based on small molecules with thermally or photochemically removable groups

Solution processable organic semiconducting small molecules are desirable for the manufacture of low-cost, large-area electronic products on flexible substrates. This article provides an overview of recent progress in OFETs based on solution processable small molecules that can be converted to insoluble organic semiconducting materials on films by thermal or photochemical removal of leaving groups after fabrication of the film.     

Organic semiconductors for solution-processable field-effect transistors (OFETs)

The cost-effective production of flexible electronic components will profit considerably from the development of solution-processable, organic semiconductor materials. Particular attention is focused on soluble semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The hitherto differentiation between "small molecules" and polymeric materials no longer plays a role, rather more the ability to process materials from solution to homogeneous semiconducting films with optimal electronic properties (high charge-carrier mobility, low threshold voltage, high on/off ratio) is pivotal. Key classes of materials for this purpose are soluble oligoacenes, soluble oligo- and polythiophenes and their respective copolymers, and oligo- and polytriarylamines. In this context, micro- or nanocrystalline materials have the general advantage of somewhat higher charge-carrier mobilities, which, however, could be offset in the case of amorphous, glassy materials by simpler and more reproducible processing.     

有机半导体薄膜空间电荷分布对晶体管性能影响的研究进展

有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)是下一代柔性电子产业的基础元件,具有可弯曲、透明、低成本、可溶液加工等优良特性,并逐渐开始应用于生物传感器、柔性显示等领域。 然而,OFETs仍存在如工作电流小、跨导小、开关比低、空气稳定性差等问题,限制了其进一步的发展。 OFETs器件的性能主要受到导电沟道中电荷和电流分布的影响,若能通过外加手段,调控沟道中的电荷和电流分布,可能获得具有更高性能或新机理的器件。 本文结合课题组内的工作,对国内外该领域的最新进展进行综述和展望。     

新型共轭聚合物的设计合成及其在场效应晶体管的应用

近年来,有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)由于在柔性器件和可穿戴电子学中的潜在应用受到了学术界和工业界的普遍关注,尤其是以聚合物半导体材料构筑的晶体管性能得到了快速的发展.如何设计合成用于OFETs的高性能聚合物半导体材料,一直是我们的追求目标.然而,分子结构对迁移率的影响仍缺少系统的比较.本文综述了近年来国内外新型聚合物材料的最新进展.我们按照材料的种类以及载流子的传输类型进行了分类,对高性能聚合物材料的发展过程、材料的设计思路以及相应的FETs性能进行了系统地归纳总结.通过研究分子及分子聚集态结构与器件性能之间的关系,希望为以后设计合成新型的高性能的聚合物材料提供有益的借鉴和指导.     

Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Functional Supramolecular Architectures for Anion Recognition and Sensing

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have experienced a tremendous growth during last few decades as porous crystalline molecular materials. The comprehensive effect of structural diversity, tunability and high surface area makes MOFs suitable for multifarious applications. MOFs can act as potential receptors toward different target components along with ionic species, small molecules, solvents, explosives etc. Anion recognition remains an important phenomena due to its involvement in many chemical and biological processes. Ligand designing, incorporation of appropriate functional groups and post‐synthetic modifications are key strategies in MOFs for selective recognition and scavenging of environmentally toxic and detrimental anions (i. e. cyanide, oxo‐anions etc.). The main focus of this personal account is on our research towards development and potential applications of MOFs with special emphasis on selective and sensitive anion sensing.