提高涡流二极管性能的数值仿真分析

本文数值仿真分析了涡流二极管正、反向流的阻力特性及其内部流场,提出可提高涡流二极管性能的结构优化方法.对比计算表明RSM模型和PRESTO!压力离散格式对涡流管反向流进行仿真的计算精度最好.基于对反向流涡量场和流场的分析,认为强涡旋是反向高阻的主要原因;且旋涡中心和涡流腔室中心不重合,造成涡流不稳定,提出利用螺旋腔室改...     

涡流二极管空化流动的数值计算

为了研究涡流二极管内空化现象的机理特性及对其性能的影响,我们假设流体为气液混相均质,并考虑不可凝结气相,采用基于组分输运方程,求解了涡流二极管全流道内气液混相均质流的雷诺平均N-S方程以及气相组分输运方程。数值计算结果显示了空化形成时涡流二极管入口、出口及旋流腔内的流场形态,研究表明:涡流二极管空化现象主要发生在流体切向进入时旋流腔和中心管的中心部位;空化流是由于液体在中心旋流场低压条件下汽化,同时不可凝结气体由于亨利定律在旋转流场形成的压力梯度下而发生的输运效应综合形成的;空化流由于强旋涡的原因对涡流二极管的性能产生明显的影响。上述结论对涡流二极管的设计及其指导工程应用具有重要的价值。     

大流量涡流二极管内流仿真及高阻特性研究

文中采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对涡流二极管泵内部流场进行三维数值模拟,阐述涡流二极管内部流场及高阻产生机理,将内部流动近似为Rankine涡并进行验证,分析了切向入口压力变化对流动特性的影响,结果表明,入口操作压力超过一特定限度后中心区域将出现较大的回流现象,这将有助于提高涡流二极管性能.     

小尺度涡流发生器强化传热机理的研究

在矩形槽道内布置了不同高度的小尺度涡流发生器,采用湍流模型对流体在其中的流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟,并对流体在槽道中的传热和流动特性进行了对比研究.分析了小尺度涡流发生器诱导涡的特性及其对湍流相干结构的影响与作用,讨论了湍流相干结构对温度场的作用机理,解释了涡流发生器强化换热的机理.     

水下稳态涡流场声传播特性

基于射线声学理论研究了水下稳态涡流场的声传播特性。首先,根据移动介质中的程函方程,推导了二维稳态涡流场的射线微分方程组,实现了声波通过涡流场的声线轨迹模拟,获取了通过不同涡流场的声信号;然后,基于稳态涡流场的声传播特性,构建了接收声信号相位与涡流场特征参数之间的映射关系,通过数值仿真反演稳态涡流场特征参数,仿真结果与理论值的相对误差在15%以内。仿真结果表明:基于射线理论可以有效模拟声信号通过涡流场的声线轨迹及信号变化,具有直观、计算效率高的优势;随着涡环量增大,涡流对声传播的影响更为明显;利用声信号相位可实现对速度分布、涡核位置、涡环量等涡流场特征参数的估计。     

凹陷涡发生器非稳态流动与传热分离涡模拟

本文对具有凹陷涡发生器的冷却通道内非稳态湍流流动与传热特性进行了分离涡模拟研究。通道内流动雷诺数为50500,凹陷涡发生器深度与直径比为0.2。分离涡模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比验证,并对凹陷表面非稳态流动与传热特性进行了详细分析。研究结果表明:分离涡模拟得到的凹陷表面时均局部Nμ数分布与瞬态液晶热像实验得到的Nμ数分布相似,并且总体平均Nμ数和摩擦因子与实验数据也较好地吻合;分离涡模拟获得了详细的凹陷涡发生器表面非稳态流动和传热特征,凹陷表面前缘处的低换热区形成左右两个旋涡,经历了形成、旋转、回流、破碎四个过程,这些非稳态的涡流动显著地强化了凹陷表面的对流传热性能。     

矩形通道内层流对流换热的最优速度场

针对矩形通道内的层流对流换热问题,通过数值求解速度场协同方程,得到了给定黏性耗散条件下通道内的最优速度场为多纵向涡的流动结构,表明多纵向涡流型可在流阻增加不多的情况下使换热显著强化.通过在通道壁面布置不连续双斜肋,在通道内产生了接近于最优速度场的多纵向涡流动,数值计算结果表明,在Re=1000时,与光滑通道相比,不连续...     

涡流二极管内空化流动的实验研究

为了研究涡流二极管内空化流动的发展过程及对其性能的影响,对其空化现象的标志性现象—空气柱进行了试验研究,试验中捕捉了空气柱的形成过程,记录了不同雷诺数及不同出口背压下的空气柱尺寸,最后测量并对比了不同空气柱尺寸下的涡流二极管的性能。试验结果表明;空气柱是微气泡由于亨利定律在旋转流场形成的压力梯度下而发生的输运效应形成的;空气柱随雷诺数的增大而增大,不同雷诺数下的增大速度有所不同;相同流量下,出口背压越大,空气柱尺寸越小,涡流二极管的性能越高。上述结论对涡流二极管的设计及其指导工程应用具有重要的价值。     

涡轮转子凹槽叶尖控制泄漏流动的数值研究

明晰涡轮转子凹槽叶尖控制泄漏流动的物理机制,对凹槽叶尖结构优化和提升涡轮效率有重要意义。本文数值研究了跨音速高压涡轮凹槽叶尖的泄漏流动特性,对比分析了其与平叶尖泄漏损失和流动结构的差异,并研究了凹槽腔内流动结构改变对泄漏流动的影响。结果表明,凹槽叶尖对泄漏流动的堵塞分两个区域,分别受吸力侧空腔涡和削刮涡影响,改变外机匣相对转动速度会影响凹槽腔内流动结构的范围和强度,进而影响泄漏流动特性。本文的研究结果可为凹槽叶尖的设计提供指导。     

驻涡燃烧室后驻体形状选择冷态数值研究

因具有低排放和宽广工作范围等性能的优势,驻涡燃烧室越来越受到人们的关注。在冷态条件下对几种驻涡燃烧室后驻体造型形式的流场进行数值研究,发现不同后驻体造型形式不公改变驻涡腔内气体流动的速度,而且引起驻涡腔内旋涡运动方式不同。计算结果表明方形后驻体造型时能形成驻涡腔内气体较低速度流场,形成的旋涡结构有利于提高驻涡燃烧室性能。     

Study of aerodynamic structure of flow in a model of vortex furnace using Stereo PIV method

The aerodynamic structure of flow in a lab model of a perspective design of vortex furnace was studied. The chamber has a horizontal rotation axis, tangential inlet for fuel-air jets and vertical orientation of secondary injection nozzles. The Stereo PIV method was used for visualization of 3D velocity field for selected cross sections of the vortex combustion chamber. The experimental data along with “total pressure minimum” criterion were used for reconstruction of the vortex core of the flow. Results fit the available data from LDA and simulation.     

Vortex sound generation due to a flow impedance discontinuity on a flat surface

The sound generated by the unsteady motion of a vortex filament moving over a flat boundary with a sharp flow impedance discontinuity is studied theoretically. Theoretical results show that the vortex filament undergoes significant accelerating or decelerating motions and radiates sound at the instant when it moves across the plane of impedance discontinuity. The accelerations and decelerations of the vortex filament are shown to be the major mechanisms of sound generation. The sound so produced has a large low-frequency content such that the change in the flow impedance affects only the sound generation process but not the subsequent sound propagation to the far field.     

A steadily rotating plasma disk

A homogeneously rotating plasma disk can be formed in a radially directed Ar-arc discharge at reduced pressure with an externally applied axial magnetic field. The radial pressure distribution is measured, as well as the emitted continuum radiation and the arc voltage. With these experimental values profiles of temperature, radial and azimuthal current density, and flow velocity in the disk are evaluated. Viscosity determines the flow pattern essentially. The effects of magnetic field and rotational motion on the discharge are investigated. The disk exhibits at nonrigid rotation a strong centrifugal force and a minor Coriolis force. A weak double vortex is found to develop in the meridional plane. The electric field in the discharge is altered by the azimuthal plasma flow.     

Flow Structure in a Ranque−Hilsch Vortex Tube

The structure of twisted flow in a Ranque?Hilsch vortex tube is investigated experimentally by modeling gas flow with an incompressible fluid flow. The velocity field is measured with a laser Doppler anemometer in the entire volume of the vortex chamber. The streamline pattern, which gives a complete presentation of the flow structure in the Ranque?Hilsch tube, is plotted in the axial section of the chamber. The resulting streamline pattern can serve as a basis for explaining the physical mechanism of the Ranque effect.     

Effect of Acoustic Field on the Structure of a Round Minijet

Presented are results of visual studying the structure of a round minijet flowing into the atmosphere exposed to an acoustic field. The studies were performed with the laminar jet flow. According to the photo and video recording of the flow pattern we revealed characteristic features of the jet structure in the acoustic field. Characteristic vortex structures and zones with intensive turbulent mixing were detected in the flow.We revealed the process of formation of vortex structures in a laminar jet under the action of the acoustic field, vibrational and rotational jet flows at the outlet of the pipe 1.35 mm in diameter. The present study is a continuation of the research on a minijet structure in an acoustic field [13].     

A study on drag reduction of a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder at low Reynolds number

The flow field around a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder in a uniform flow is studied by using a particle image velocimetry to understand the mechanism of drag reduction and the corresponding suppression of vortex shedding in the cylinder wake at low Reynolds number. Experiments are conducted on the flow around the circular cylinder under rotational oscillation at forcing Strouhal number 1, rotational amplitude 2 and Reynolds number 2,000. It is found from the flow measurement by PIV that the width of the wake is narrowed and the velocity fluctuations are reduced by the rotational oscillation of the cylinder, which results in the drag reduction rate of 30%. The mechanism of drag reduction is studied by phase-averaged PIV measurement, which indicates the formation of periodic small-scale vortices from both sides of the cylinder. It is found from the cross-correlation measurement between the velocity fluctuations that the large-scale structure of vortex shedding is almost removed in the cylinder wake, when the small-scale vortices are generated at the unstable frequency of shear layer by the influence of rotational oscillation.     

低阻抗二极管产生的强流电子束能谱分布的数值模拟

 给出了低阻抗二极管产生的电子束能谱分布及外加磁场对二极管阻抗影响的数值模拟研究结果。结果表明，即使在外加电压恒定的条件下，二极管产生的电子束也具有一定的能谱分布，这说明用二极管电压、电流波形计算脉冲电子束能谱分布是不正确的。另外,外加磁场对低阻抗二极管的阻抗特性具有较大影响，其阻抗随外加磁场的增大而减小。分析认为这是由于外加磁场强度的变化改变了二极管中束电子的运动轨迹。当没有外加磁场或外加磁场较小时，低阻抗二极管产生的电子束发生自箍缩，此时二极管电流是自箍缩饱和顺位流；当外加磁场足够强时，电子束的自箍缩被抑制，二极管电流是没有箍缩时的空间电荷限制电流。束电流小于自箍缩临界电流的二极管其阻抗将不随外加磁场的变化而变化。     

涡流管能量分离过程实验研究

利用涡流管部分轴线温度测量实验装置,考虑到进气压力和涡流室结构对涡流管能量分离过程的影响,针对不同进气压力和不同涡流室结构的涡流管部分轴线温度分布进行了实验研究。根据实测结果,得到了进气压力及涡流室几何结构对涡流管部分轴线温度分布的影响曲线。在此基础上,根据实验结果并结合热力学原理对涡流管制冷的物理行为作了分析。结果表明:涡流导致涡流室中心区域气流膨胀是涡流管产生制冷效应的一个重要原因。     

Electron vortices in photoionization by a pair of elliptically polarized attosecond pulses

The photoionization by two elliptically polarized, time delayed attosecond pulses is investigated to display a momentum distribution having the helical vortex or ring structures. The results are obtained by the strong field approximation method and analyzed by the pulse decomposition. The ellipticities and time delay of the two attosecond pulses are found to determine the rotational symmetry and the number of vortex arms. For observing these vortex patterns, the energy bandwidth and temporal duration of the attosecond pulses are ideal.