纳米流体分散稳定性的分子动力学研究初探

纳米流体的制备和分散稳定性是纳米流体研究工作的前提。本文利用平衡分子动力学模拟方法,尝试从微观角度研究纳米流体的分散稳定性。以纳米颗粒Cu在液态CO_2中的分散稳定为算例,通过跟踪每个固体分子和液体分子的位置,分别观察了颗粒周围的液体吸附现象和颗粒的团聚现象。通过改变固液分子间的引力和斥力,观察其对颗粒周围液体分子的密...     

基于动态光散射的SiO_2/H_2O纳米流体分散稳定性初探

基于动态光散射法,采用同差探测实现了纳米流体分散体系的粒度测量。对体积分数为0.005%和0.0025%浓度的SiO_2/H_2O纳米流体颗粒粒径进行了测量,粒径的实验值的平均偏差分别为1.37%和1.39%,可以满足纳米颗粒粒径的高精度测量要求。两种浓度的SiO_2/H_2O纳米流体的平均粒径基本一致,偏差在实验的不确定度以内,且随时间无明显变化,证明了颗粒分散的稳定性,本方法可以用于纳米流体分散稳定性的评价。     

低温纳米复合相变蓄冷材料热物性研究

低温相变蓄冷的关键是蓄冷材料的开发.本文针对啤酒工艺对冷源温度的要求,选择BaCl2共晶盐水溶液为相变蓄冷材料基液,在基液中添加粒径为20nm的TiO2纳米粒子,形成具有蓄冷功能的纳米复合材料.对其热物性如导热系数、相变潜热、相变温度、过冷度及粘度进行了实验测量和分析.结果表明,在TiO2纳米粒子的质量分数为1%的情况下,纳米复合蓄冷材料的导热系数比基液提高了11.28%,过冷度从3.97℃降为1.21℃,同时粘度增加了21.7%,相变潜热略有降低.     

氨水-Fe2O3纳米流体稳定性影响因素分析

为了将纳米颗粒的强化传热传质作用应用于氨水吸收制冷中,提出了在氨水溶液中添加Fe203纳米颗粒和表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸纳（SDBS）的纳米流体的配制方法,并通过沉降试验和吸光度测试方法对其稳定性进行了实验研究。研究了活性剂质量分数、超声分散时间和氨水浓度对稳定性的影响,确定了Fe2O3-氨水纳米流体分散的最佳工艺为：...     

磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的光学表征

报道一种新的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的表征方法。对均匀分散的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系,采用定时光度测量法对其沉降稳定性进行表征,可以得到一定时间内粒子沉降的定量数据。此方法可用于低体积分散磁流变液沉降稳定性的表征。同时,对比分析表明,在磁性粒子浓悬浮体系中加入纳米级TiO2粒子,能使制备的磁流变液稳定性显著增强。     

纳米流体振荡热管内部流动和传热特性

本文以纳米流体和去离子水的振荡热管作为研究对象,通过实验的方法,运用可视化的加热与观测手段,对比纳米流体和去离子水振荡热管的内部工质流型和冷热端温差,发现纳米颗粒体积浓度达到一定浓度后,相对于去离子水,纳米流体可以降低振荡热管的下极限热流,提高上极限热流,而后者足利用纳米流体为工质改进振荡热管性能主要特点,内在物理实质是纳米流体具有明显不同的流型转变.     

γ-Al_2O_3纳米流体导热系数与稳定性影响因素分析

通过两步法制备了不同体积浓度的γ-Al_2O_3纳米流体,并添加不同质量分数的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为分散剂。分析了温度以及两种表面活性剂对γ-Al_2O_3纳米流体稳定性和导热系数的影响。试验结果表明,非离子型表面活性剂PVP比阴离子表面活性剂SDS具有更好的分散效果。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,纳米流体的导热系数呈先增加后减小的趋势,适当的粒子浓度与活性剂浓度比例有利于提高纳米流体的导热系数。     

TiO2纳米颗粒对染料掺杂聚合物分散液晶的随机激光辐射特性的影响

随机激光的阈值与体系内的散射强度存在密切关系.高折射率二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒与染料掺杂聚合物分散液晶(DDPDLC)均匀混合后,由于液晶微滴与TiO2纳米颗粒之间的强散射作用,DDPPLC的随机激光具有更低的激光发射阈值,并且随TiO2纳米颗粒的掺杂浓度而变化;在优化TiO2纳米颗粒掺杂浓度的基础上,DDPDLC...     

纳米二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应(英文)

拉曼光谱用于研究二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应。化学溶液方法制备了TiO2纳米晶材料。其平均粒度为 6 8- 2 7 9nm。最低频率 1 5 2cm- 1 Eg 模随粒度减小出现蓝移和加宽。在声子限制模型下 ,理论上对不同粒度的TiO2 纳米晶 (6 8,1 0 3和 2 7 9nm)的频移和线宽进行计算 ,结果与实验吻合得很好。研究了TiO2 纳米晶锐钛矿 -金红石相变 ,其相变温度为 6 5 0 - 6 90℃ ,比体块TiO2 的相变温度 1 0 0 0℃低 ,表明了相变的尺寸效应     

基于AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法

固液界面的表面电荷会影响微纳流体系统的流体阻力,因此如何测量固液界面的表面电荷密度以及分析表面电荷的产生机理对于研究表面电荷对流体阻力的影响具有较大的意义。提出了一种基于接触式AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法。基于该方法测量了浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中的高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅样本的表面电荷密度,并研究了溶液pH值对表面电荷的影响。研究结果表明高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅由于表面硅烷基的电离带负电。溶液pH值和离子浓度的增加都会增加浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅的表面电荷密度的绝对值。     

Synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering study of dye-sensitized／-unsensitized TiO2 nanoparticle colloidal solution

The wide-gap semiconductor TiO_2 nanoparticles with and without dye sensitization have been studied by small angle x-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Surface properties of the colloidal TiO_2 nanoparticles have been analysed in terms of the surface fractal dimensions (D_s), showing that D_s changes from 3.25 to 2.34 when TiO_2 nanoparticles are sensitized by ATRA (all-trans-retinoic acid), which reveals that the surface of the particles become relatively smooth after dye sensitization. The size distribution of gyration radius of TiO_2 nanoparticles in the colloids M(R_g) has been successfully determined by the Shull－Roess method. The main peak of M(R_g) for the unsensitized TiO_2 colloid is located at 2.1nm, corresponding to a spherical diameter of 5.4nm, and this value for the ATRA sensitized TiO_2 increases to 2.4nm, indicating a spherical diameter of 6.4nm. Such a size enlargement of TiO_2 nanoparticles suggests that there is a coating of ATRA on the TiO_2 surface, supporting the view that a monolayer of the dye has been attached to the surface of the TiO_2 nanoparticle.     

Electron transport properties of TiO_2 shell on Al_2O_3 core in dye-sensitized solar cells

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)is strongly affected by the properties of semiconductor nanoparticles.In this work,we used TiO_2 particles prepared by TiCl_4 hydrolysis n times on Al_2O_3 films(A/T(n)),and investigated morphology,photoelectric,and electron transport properties of A/T(n).The TiO_2 shell was composed of 10-20 nm nanoparticles and the number of nanoparticles increased with increasing TiCl_4 treatment times.The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.23% was obtained as A/T(4).IMPS results indicated that electron transport rate was high enough to conduct current,and was not the dominating effect to limit the Jsc.Jsc was mainly determined by dye loading on TiO_2 and the interconnection of TiO_2.These may provide a new strategy for preparing semiconductor working electrodes for DSSC.     

Enhanced ultraviolet emission from ZnO thin film covered by TiO_2 nanoparticles

A ZnO thin film covered by TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by electron beam evaporation. The structure and surface morphology of the sample are analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）, respectively. Photoluminescence is used to investigate the fluorescent property of the ample. The results show that the ultraviolet （UV） emission of the ZnO thin film is greatly enhanced after it is covered by TiO2 nanoparticles while the green emission is suppressed. The enhanced UV emission mainly results from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） between ZnO thin film and TiO： nanoparticles. This TiO2-ZnO composite thin film can be used to fabricate high-efficiency UV emitters.     

TiO_2 composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles

Perovskite solar cells with planar structure are attractive for their simplified device structure and reduced hysteresis effect. Compared to conventional mesoporous devices, TiO_2 porous scaffold layers are removed in planar devices. Then,compact TiO_2 electron transport layers take the functions of extracting electrons, transporting electrons, and blocking holes.Therefore, the properties of these compact TiO_2 layers are important for the performance of solar cells. In this work, we develop a mixed spray pyrolysis method for producing compact TiO_2 layers by incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles with different size into the precursor solutions. For the optimized nanoparticle size of 60 nm, a power conversion efficiency of 16.7% is achieved, which is obviously higher than that of devices without incorporated nanoparticles(9.9%). Further investigation reveals that the incorporation of nanoparticles can remarkably improve the charge extraction and recombination processes.     

纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质导热系数实验研究

本文采用瞬态热线法对纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质的导热系数进行了实验研究.结果表明,相对于HFC134a,纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质的导热系数增大,提高比例随着颗粒浓度和温度的提高而增大.     

纳米TiO2粒子浓度对HFC134a/矿物油冰箱性能影响的实验研究

本文重点考察了HFC134a/矿物冷冻油/纳米TiO2粒子工质体系中纳米粒子浓度和运行时间对冰箱性能的影响.实验结果表明:添加纳米粒子TiO2之后,冰箱制冷系统性能提高,并随着纳米粒子浓度的提高而增大;冰箱长期运行性能稳定.     

DBS包覆TiO2纳米粒子的表面光伏及光致发光性能

采用溶胶-水热法合成了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)包覆的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、表面光电压谱(SPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等对样品进行表征.重点探讨了DBS包覆的适宜条件及DBS包覆对TiO2光伏和发光等性质的影响.结果表明,进釜前pH值在4.5~5.5,DBS用量为TiO2质量的1.0%~3.0%时,能够获得理想包覆.在水热过程中,DBS的引入对锐钛矿型TiO2微晶的生长有抑制作用.由于DBS的包覆,使TiO2的SPS和PL信号强度显著下降,这可能与磺酸基的吸电子性以及表面缺陷等的减少有关.     

Growth and Physical Properties of CdS/TiO_2 Bilayer by Plasma-Based Method

The titanium oxide(TiO_2) nanotubes have attracted attention for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells as photoanode. In this study semiconducting cadmium sulfide(CdS) nanoparticles are grown on top opened TiO_2 nanotubes arrays by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflection spectra are used to study structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdS/TiO_2 bilayer.     

担载ZnTHPP的TiO2杂化材料的制备及结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法将四(对-羟基)苯基锌卟啉(ZnTHPP)担载于TiO2机网络中,得到了一种新的有机/无机杂化材料.利用热重(TG)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外(UV)及固体漫反射光谱(DRS)、扫描电镜(SEM)对杂化材料的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明ZnTHPP/TiO2杂化材料具有良好的热稳定性,锌卟啉以化学键的形式与TiO2结合,并且锌卟啉的加入有效地拓宽了TiO2的可见光吸收范围.     

竹材的纳米TiO_2改性及抗菌防霉性能研究

竹材是一种重要的森林资源,但容易腐朽霉变,在户外使用受到限制。可采用溶胶-凝胶法,在低温条件下制备了TiO2溶胶,并通过浸渍提拉的方式,完成了竹材的纳米TiO2改性。同时利用电子核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、场发射环境扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDAX)对TiO2进行形态和结构表征,重点研究了温度对TiO2薄膜形态、晶型及抗菌防霉性能的影响。研究结果表明,3种温度(20,60,105℃)处理的TiO2改性竹材不仅完全保持了竹材的天然颜色、纹理、结构,而且抗菌性能由不具抗菌性变为对大肠杆菌的杀菌率超过99%,防霉性能提高了10倍以上。这种方法有望成为竹材功能性改良的新手段,并对包括木材在内的其他天然生物质材料保护和改良也具有借鉴意义。