瞬态平面热源法测量硅胶混合吸附剂导热系数

利用瞬态平面热源法对制冷吸附剂的导热性能进行测试.所研究的吸附剂包括:硅胶颗粒、硅胶-水、硅胶-氯化钙混合多孔介质、硅胶-氯化钙-膨胀石墨固化混合吸附剂.实验结果表明:硅胶颗粒的孔隙率对其导热性能的影响比较大;此外,当硅胶的吸水量增大时,导热系数呈线性增大.当氯化钙质量分数大于0.2时,混合多孔介质的导热系数随氯化钙质量分数的增大而显著增加.利用膨胀石墨可以明显地提高硅胶颗粒的导热系数,固化的混合吸附剂的导热系数可以达到2.942W/mK,相对于硅胶颗粒的导热系数提高约30倍.     

块状氯化钙和膨胀石墨复合吸附剂的热物性试验研究

本文采用溶液法处理氯化钙和膨胀石墨混合物,并进行压块处理,通过平面热源测量法研究了氯化钙和膨胀石墨复合吸附剂的导热性能和其他热物性参数,结果显示在吸附剂中加入膨胀石墨,并进行压块处理后,吸附剂的导热系数得到了显著的提高,复合吸附剂的导热系数比粉末状的导热系数0.1～0.5 W/(m·K)增加了2～10倍.块状复合吸附剂的孔隙率也得到了明显的提高,其值为0.36～0.82,比纯绿化钙的孔隙率0.352提高了1～2.5倍.从而使吸附剂的传质性能得到显著提高.同时,结果也显示了复合吸附剂的导热系数取决于复合吸附剂的孔隙率,与孔隙率成反比.     

新型复合吸附剂传质特性的正交试验研究

为克服复合吸附剂传热与传质性能协同强化的矛盾,本文以膨胀石墨、木粉和氯化钙为原料混合浸渍并固化,形成膨胀石墨为骨架的导热网络,基于氯化钙对木粉的活化造孔形成丰富孔隙的传质通道,获得导热传质良好的复合吸附剂制备工艺。利用正交试验法分析了钙墨比、木粉粒度、钙木比、炭化活化的温度和时间五因素不同水平对渗透特性的影响。结果表明,渗透率在钙木比和木粉粒度上均存在最优值,并随着钙墨比、炭化活化的温度和时间三因素的上升而增大,其中钙墨比对渗透率影响远大于其余因素。经过补充试验验证,最终所获最优样品渗透率达到5.67824×10~(-13)m~2,优化所得制备工艺为钙木比2,温度600℃,时间2.5 h,粒度目数140~150,钙墨比4。     

复合除湿剂导热系数及动态除湿性能研究

为提高硅胶除湿剂的传热性能,并且不影响其吸湿性能,本文选择高热导率的硫化石墨作为传热基质,制作不同密度的硅胶/硫化石墨固化复合除湿剂。通过激光闪光法和动态称重法对样品进行导热系数和动态除湿性能测试。结果表明复合除湿剂导热性能随着固化密度的增大先增加后减小,导热系数最高可达16.2 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),约为纯硅胶除湿剂的230多倍。复合除湿剂的吸湿性能随着固化密度的升高而下降,密度为300 kg·m~(-3)。复合吸附剂的动态吸湿速率约为纯硅胶的2倍以上。     

氯化锶-膨胀石墨吸附制冰系统固化复合吸附剂性能

本文用质量分数占35%的膨胀石墨做添加剂并采用压块技术配置了氯化锶-膨胀石墨固化复合吸附剂,测试了该吸附剂在蒸发温度从-25～-5℃变化范围下的吸附制冷特性、吸附速率、最大吸附量以及最大转化率等相关参数,其中单位质量吸附剂最大吸附量可达0.7 kg/kg(NH_3/salt)。同时,通过计算分析,确定采用该复合吸附剂的吸附制冰系统平均SCP可达738 W/kg,COP可达0.435。     

石蜡/膨胀石墨/石墨片复合相变材料导热性能研究

相变材料的导热性能对蓄热能力和能量转化速率具有重要影响。本文以58号全精炼石蜡为基底相变材料,利用真空吸附法将石蜡与膨胀石墨结合,再通过搅拌将石墨片与材料均匀混合,以模压法制备了定形复合相变材料,并通过实验测试了复合相变材料不同方向导热系数。实验结果表明:制备的复合相变材料导热性能具有明显的各向异性,垂直于压缩方向的导热性能远高于压缩方向的导热性能;同时也发现石墨片的添加可以有效的增强复合相变材料的导热性能,复合相变材料压缩方向导热性能随石墨片的添加先增大后减少;垂直于压缩方向的导热性能随石墨片的添加线性增强。     

先驱体成型压强对膨胀石墨性能的影响

为了实现石墨插层化合物在光电干扰领域的应用,对不同成型压强可膨胀石墨先驱体的微观形貌、膨胀体积及膨胀后的红外干扰性能进行了研究.制备了一系列压强下的成型样品,采用扫描电镜分析其微观形貌变化并用体视显微镜观察了由成型先驱体制得的膨胀石墨蠕虫的形貌.对各样品的膨胀体积进行了测量,并测试分析了各样品所得膨胀石墨对8~14μm波段红外的干扰性能.结果表明:可膨胀石墨先驱体受压成型后其鳞片和片层发生弯折、扭曲甚至碎裂,被打开的片层间距变小,插层结构被破坏;成型压强由0MPa增至50MPa,其膨胀体积由356mL/g减小到216mL/g,相应膨胀石墨的红外遮蔽率从0.87减小到0.42.因此,可膨胀石墨先驱体受压成型会破坏其形貌,其膨胀体积和红外干扰性能随着成型压强的增大而减小.     

快速热响应复合材料的储/放热性能分析

以膨胀石墨为无机支撑材料、石蜡为有机相变材料,制备出高导热系数和储热密度的快速热响应复合材料,并构建传热性能测试系统对该复合材料的储/放热性能进行研究分析。研究结果表明,复合材料不仅能在熔融状态下保持形状稳定,而且显著提高了在储/放热过程的传热性能,从而有效地解决了传统相变材料高储热密度和低导热系数之间的矛盾。     

石墨泡沫新材料导热的分形模型

新型导热材料石墨泡沫具有很好的热物理性质。本文在实验获取这种新型多孔材料的基础上,建立了基于分形理论的材料结构和导热模型,采用热阻法给出了石墨泡沫材料的等效导热系数的关系式,计算了石墨泡沫的剖面孔隙面积分形维数和等效导热系数.     

填料导热胶粘剂的性能研究

以石墨、铜粉、铝粉三种导热填料填充到环氧树脂中制备导热胶粘剂,采用SEM和金相显微镜对材料进行形貌表征,采用TPS 2500导热系数测定仪测试样品的导热系数。研究了这三种类型导热填料在不同填充量时的热导性能的变化规律,并对比讨论了三种填料在最大填充比例时胶粘剂的导热系数。     

石墨膜表面临界热流密度实验研究

本文以光滑石墨膜作为加热表面,在标准大气压下以去离子水为工质进行了饱和池式沸腾实验。实验研究表明,在热流密度达到1.83 MW/m^2时,石墨膜发生膨胀并使其表面局部破裂,随着热流密度的进一步升高,破裂的面积逐渐扩大,石墨膜的电阻呈现阶跃式升高。在2.40 MW/m^2的热流密度下,石墨膜表面全部破裂,此后随着热流密度增加,电阻上升幅度变小,最终,在热流密度达到3.17 MW/m^2时,石墨膜发生烧毁。可见,石墨膜通过膨胀破裂的方式能自适应地强化沸腾传热临界热流密度,强化比例达到73%。同时,通过高速摄像机的观察发现,在相同热流密度条件下,与光滑表面相比,膨胀表面的气化核心数增多,气泡脱离直径变小,气泡脱离频率变大。     

石墨冲击压缩的理论研究

 用统一的排列模型研究石墨在高压下的状态方程。能量由冷能、晶格振动和电子的热贡献三部分组成。利用上述模型计算了石墨的膨胀曲线及石墨的冲击压缩Hugoniot曲线，当V₀＝5.29 cm³/mol时，计算结果与Morgan实验结果一致。     

Preparation,characterization, and performance study of beeswax/expanded graphite composite as thermal storage material

In this study, beeswax as a new energy storage material and its composite with expanded graphite were prepared and characterized for their surface and thermal properties. Surface characterization showed no chemical interaction between beeswax and expanded graphite. The thermal conductivity of the composite was improved with 117% enhancement. The thermal performance of beeswax and its composite as a heat storage material was studied in a rectangular shell-and-tube thermal storage unit. The melting point of the composite remained almost same as that of beeswax; however, the melting time was reduced considerably, from 540 to 360 min with inlet water at 80°C and a 2-lpm flow rate.     

Experimental thermal performance study of natural graphite as sensible heat storage material using different heat transfer fluids

In this paper thermal performance of graphite-based sensible heat storage system with embedded helical coil in rectangular shell was studied. Plain water at four flow rates (0.25 LPM–1.0 LPM) and four inlet temperatures (60°C–90°C) was passed through the graphite bed and charging time was measured. Expanded graphite/water suspension and Al₂O₃/water nanofluid were also used to study charging behavior of graphite. Results showed that charging time of packed bed was reduced with increase in flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Charging time using expanded graphite/water solution and nanofluid was 14.2% and 21.2% lesser than water.

Abbreviations: h_i: internal heat transfer coefficient (W m^?2 K^?1); HTF: Heat transfer fluid; h_o: External heat transfer coefficient (W m^?2 K^?1); LPM: liter per minute; k: thermal conductivity (W m^?1 K^?1); TSU: Thermal storage unit     

金刚石膜的厚度及背表面过渡层对热导率的影响

 采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积（MWPCVD）方法制备金刚石膜，研究了金刚石膜的厚度以及生长初期的SiC过渡层对其热导率的影响，给出了膜厚和背表面SiC过渡层减薄厚度与金刚石膜热导率的关系。     

膨胀石墨 3 mm波消光数值计算

为探讨膨胀石墨作为3 mm波干扰材料的消光、散射特性及其影响因素, 基于有限长度、有限电导率圆柱状导体的电磁散射, 利用矩量法建立了膨胀石墨的消光、散射、吸收及后向散射截面(雷达散射截面RCS)的计算式. 运用Mathematica编程计算并分析了膨胀石墨长度、半径、电导率、磁导率等因素与膨胀石墨消光、散射、吸收截面及RCS的关系. 结果表明: 当膨胀石墨的长度为1.5 mm、半径为0.05 mm时, 具有较好的消光、散射效果; 适当增大膨胀石墨的电导率、磁导率, 有利于提高其消光、散射能力. 本研究为探索增强膨胀石墨干扰3 mm波效果的技术途径提供了有价值的参考. 关键词： 膨胀石墨 石墨层间化合物 消光截面 矩量法     

Synthesis and characteristics of form-stable n-octadecane/expanded graphite composite phase change materials

N-octadecane/expanded graphite composite phase-change materials were prepared by absorbing liquid n-octadecane into the expanded graphite. The n-octadecane was used as the phase-change material for thermal energy storage, and the expanded graphite acted as the supporting material. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal diffusivity measurement were used to determine the chemical structure, crystalline phase, microstructure and thermal diffusivity of the composite phase-change materials, respectively. The thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DSC results indicated that the composite phase-change materials exhibited the same phase-transition characteristics as the n-octadecane and their latent heat increased with the n-octadecane content in composite phase-change materials. The SEM results showed that the n-octadecane was well absorbed in the porous network of the expanded graphite, and there was no leakage of the n-octadecane from the composites even when it was in the molten state.     

Free graphene films obtained from thermally expanded graphite

A method of obtaining free graphene films using intercalation and subsequent thermal expansion of crystalline graphite is suggested. Thermally expanded graphite prepared by microwave irradiation is examined under a scanning electron microscope. It is found that it contains fragments of free graphene films. The conclusion is drawn that this method is promising for obtaining graphene suitable for experimental research.     

膨胀石墨与箔条的3毫米波RCS特性对比

基于有限长度、有限电导率圆柱状导体的电磁散射,利用矩量法建立膨胀石墨RCS的计算公式,计算膨胀石墨及石墨干扰弹的平均RCS并测试石墨干扰弹及箔条弹的RCS.结果表明:膨胀石墨对3毫米波具备一定的散射能力,半径为0.12 mm、长度为1.5 mm的单个膨胀石墨粒子平均RCS为0.8676 mm².在干扰材料质量相同的情况下,箔条的RCS是膨胀石墨的7.4倍,膨胀石墨难以对制导武器实施箔条式的诱饵欺骗干扰.     

Physical properties of carbon composite materials with low percolation threshold

Electrical and thermal properties of binary systems consisted of stearine and expanded graphite (EG) of different bulk densities (0.003 and 0.4 g/cm³), stearine and fine-crystalline graphite (CG) were examined. Heat capacity measurements display that phonon spectrum of graphite does not change after chemical and heat treatment in the temperature range from 300 to 700 K. It was shown that the value of samples’ percolation threshold depends on aspect ratio of using the electroconducting filler: EG as electroconducting filler is 20 times more effective than common crystal graphite.