New physics hints in B decays and collider outlook

There are currently two hints for new physics involving CP violation in b → s transitions: ΔS ≡ S _f − S _J ^ϕK ≠ 0, and difference in direct CP asymmetry ΔA _Kπ ≡ A _K+π ⁰ − A _K+π ⁻ ≠ 0. We explore the two scenarios with a large and unique new CP phase in b ↔ s transitions. Motivated by ΔS ≠ 0, we update on the right-handed strange-beauty squark sb _1R at TeV scale. Motivated by ΔA _Kπ ≠ 0, we explore sequential fourth generation t′ and b′ quarks. Both scenarios can survive constraints such as SM level b → sγ, sll and B _s mixing, and predict sizable CP violation in B _s mixing. The fourth generation picture predicts sizable K _L → π ⁰ vv. Direct search for sb _R, b′ and t′ at hadronic colliders, such as Tevatron Run II and LHC, can complement further CP violation studies at these machines, as well as at the future Super B factory.     

Charmless nonleptonic <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> decays into scalar and pseudoscalar mesons

The charmless nonleptonic decay modes B → f ₀ K(π) involving a scalar and a pseudoscalar meson in the final state are studied. The scalar meson f ₀ is considered as a q̄q state, as favored by some recent studies. Using the generalized factorization approach, the branching ratios and CP violation parameters are computed for these modes. The form factors are calculated using the results from relativistic light front quark model and the ISGW2 model. It is found that the direct CP violation parameters in these modes are small. However, the obtained branching ratios are not in agreement with the experimental data. Therefore, these modes may be considered as possible probes for new physics.      

Carbon phosphide (B2 Σ + — A2 Π i) band system: RKR Franck-Condon factors andr-centroids

Franck-Condon factors andr-centroids based on Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential have been computed for the CP (B ² Σ ⁺ —A ² Π _i) band system. These results are compared with the Morse values and discussed.     

Width effects of theZ resonance and CP-violating asymmetry ine + e − annihilation

CP-violating rate asymmetry can be generated in a process only if its amplitude possesses an absorptive part. It is pointed out that such an absorptive part can be provided ine ⁺ e ⁻ annihilation by the presence of aZ(Z′) resonance of non-zero width. The CP asymmetry in the process , wherel _i are charged leptons, is discussed in several models. In a specific two-Z model, large and observable CP asymmetry ine ⁺ e ⁻ →τ ⁺ e ⁻ (τ ⁻ e ⁺) is shown to be possible at LEP/SLC energies.     

光系统Ⅱ核心复合物激发能传递光谱特性

采用ICCD皮秒、飞秒扫描成象光谱装置研究PSⅡ核心复合物激发能传递光谱特性,获得的PSⅡ积分荧光谱从661nm到693nm,峰值波长680nm,有四个组分谱,谱的峰值分别为670nm、676nm、681nm、686nm.CP43有Chla₆₆₀⁶⁶¹、Chla₆₆₉⁶⁷⁰和Chla₆₈₂⁶⁸⁶三个光谱组分;CP47有Chla₆₆₀⁶⁶¹、Chla₆₆₉⁶⁷⁰和Chla₆₈₀⁶⁸¹三个光谱组分.根据吸收光谱和组分光谱分析,PSⅡ核心天线各自有三种不同状态的Chla分子,它们是CP43-Chla₆₆₀⁶⁶¹、CP43-Chla₆₆₉⁶⁷⁰、CP43-Chla₆₈₂⁶⁸⁶与CP47-Chla₆₆₀⁶⁶¹、CP47-Chla₆₆₉⁶⁷⁰、CP47-Chla₆₈₀⁶⁸¹.通过四个光谱组分分析了PSⅡ核心复合物激发能传递的光谱特性.     

Flip-back, an old trick to face highly contrasted relaxation times: application in the characterization of pharmaceutical mixtures by CPMAS NMR

The ¹³C–¹H CPMAS with flip-back pulse NMR experiment is revisited in view of applications to pharmaceutical mixtures. The analysis of the kinetics of relaxation and CP transfer with and without the flip-back pulse shows that a significant gain in ¹³C signal can be expected (thus in experimental time) from the flip-back pulse for protons with long T₁. The gain is of the order of T₁ of the protons expressed in seconds. The experiment is applied on samples with highly contrasted spin-lattice relaxation times T₁ for protons, situation encountered in pharmaceutical mixtures. The application of the flip-back increases significantly the relative signal intensity of the component with the longer T₁, making this component detectable even after using short recycle delays. Therefore, this CPMAS with flip-back experiment could be used routinely to get ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra of mixtures in constant experimental time and signal-to-noise ratio without the need for optimization of the recycle delays, and for whatever may be the degree of crystallinity of the active principal ingredient (API) and/or excipients.     

CP violation in a multi higgs doublet model

We study CP violation in a multi-Higgs doublet model based on aS ₃×Z ₃ horizontal symmetry. We consider two mechanisms for CP violation in this model: a) CP violation due to complex Yukawa couplings; and b) CP violation due to scalarpseudoscalar mixings. We find that the predictions for ε′/ε, CP violation in B decays and the electric dipole moments of neutron and electron are different between these two mechanisms. These predictions are also dramatically different from the minimal Standard Model predictions.     

B-decay CP-asymmetries in SUSY with a U(2)3 flavour symmetry

We study CP asymmetries in rare B decays within supersymmetry with a U(2)³ flavour symmetry, motivated by the SUSY flavour and CP problems, the hierarchies in the Yukawa couplings and the absence so far of any direct evidence for SUSY. Even in the absence of flavour-blind phases, we find potentially sizable CP violating contributions to b→s decay amplitudes. The effects in the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in B→ϕK _S and B→η′K _S , angular CP asymmetries in B→K ^∗ μ ⁺ μ ⁻ and the direct CP asymmetry in B→X _s γ can be in the region to be probed by LHCb and next generation B factories. At the same time, these effects in B decays are compatible with CP violating contributions to meson mixing, including a non-standard B _s mixing phase hinted by current tensions in the CKM fit mostly between S_yKS, e_KS_{\psi K_{S}}, \epsilon_{K} and DM_Bs/DM_Bd\Delta M_{B_{s}}/\Delta M_{B_{d}}.     

Study on B → φK * and B d → φK S decays in a flavor changing Z′ model

We study the polarization anomaly of the B _d → φK ^*0 decay and the time-dependent CP asymmetry S _φKS of the B _d → φK _S decay in a Z′ model associated with flavor changing neutral currents at the tree level. We obtain the results of 0.0113 < ξ < 0.0127 and 0.0226 < ξ < 0.0255 for the two decay processes when setting ξ _LL = ξ _RL = ξ _LR = ξ _RR = ξ, ξ _LL = ξ _RL = ξ, and ξ _LR = ξ _RR = 0, respectively. These results are consistent with the constraints and assumptions on the model parameters in some references. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10575029), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China (Grant No. 0611050300), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provincial Educational Committee (Grant No. 2007140013), and the High-qualified Talents Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Nanyang Normal University (Grant No. nytc2006k92)     

Simulation of CPMAS Signals at High Spinning Speeds

The spin dynamics of anS( )I_Nsystem during the CP mixing time of continuous wave and variable amplitude cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CWCPMAS and VACPMAS) experiments is discussed. The signal enhancement of a low abundantSspin, coupled to a set ofN= 6 coupled spins withI= , is evaluated as a function of the length of the mixing time. For CWCPMAS this signal is first evaluated in the frequency domain and then transformed to the time domain. These calculations provide some additional insight into the CP spin dynamics and enable a practical approach toward the evaluation of CP signals of large spin systems. In addition the adiabatic character of the ramped VACPMAS experiments is discussed andS-spin signals of a spin system withN= 6 are simulated. Estimates of the upper bounds of the CP signals as a function of the number ofIspins in anS( )I_Nsystem are given and compared with the calculated values.     

Differential calculus on quantum projective spaces

Covariant first order differential calculus on the quantum projective spaces CP _q ^N-1 is studied by two approaches. First, the embedding of CP _q ^N-1 into the quantum spheres S _q ^2N-1 is used to obtain differential calculi on CP _q ^N-1 by restriction; second, classification results for differential calculi on CP _q ^N-1 under three different constraint settings are proved directly. The main results are that under each of the constraints considered, there exists a differential calculus which is uniquely determined if N 6, and that (essentially) all of the differential *-calculi on S _q ^2N-1 known from a previous classification paper admit restriction to CP _q ^N-1 .     

Phenomenological applications of<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript>T</Subscript>factorization

We discuss applications of the perturbative QCD approach in the exclusive non-leptonic two-bodyB-meson decays. We briefly review its ingredients and some important theoretical issues on the factorization approach. PQCD results are compatible with present experimental data for charmless B-meson decays. We predict the possibility of large direct CP asymmetry in B⁰ → π⁺π⁻ (23 +7%) and B⁰ →K ⁺π⁻ (− 17 ± 5%). We also investigate the branching ratios, CP asymmetry and isospin symmetry breaking in radiativeB →(K*/ρ)γ decays.     

Two Higgs bi-doublet left-right model with spontaneous P and CP violation

A left-right symmetric model with two Higgs bi-doublet is shown to be a consistent model for both spontaneous P and CP violation. The flavor changing neutral currents can be suppressed by the mechanism of approximate global U(1) family symmetry. The constraints from neural K meson mass difference Δm _K are calculated and it is demonstrated that a right-handed gauge boson W ₂ contribution in box-diagrams with mass well below 1 TeV is allowed due to a cancelation caused by a light-charged Higgs boson with a mass range of 150–300 GeV. The W ₂ contribution to ε _K can be suppressed from an appropriate choice of additional CP phases appearing in the right-handed Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The model is also found to be fully consistent with B ⁰ mass difference Δm _B and the mixing induced CP violation sin2β _{J/ Ψ}, which is usually difficult for the model with only one Higgs bi-doublet. The new physics beyond the standard model can be directly searched at the colliders LHC and ILC. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 10475105 and 10491306) and the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)     

CP/MAS NMR in trans-β-carotene

CP/MAS NMR spectra of solid trans-β-carotene were assigned, compared with crystallographic data and discussed in terms of molecular motion.     

Asymmetries in rare radiative leptonic and semileptonic decays of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> mesons

The time-dependent and time-independent CP asymmetries $ A_{CP}^{B_q^0 \to f} \left( \tau \right) $ A_{CP}^{B_q^0 \to f} \left( \tau \right) and $ A_{CP}^{B_q^0 \to f} \left( {\hat s} \right) $ A_{CP}^{B_q^0 \to f} \left( {\hat s} \right) for rare semileptonic and radiative leptonic decays of B mesons are calculated by the method of helicity amplitudes. The sensitivity of CP asymmetries to various extensions of the Standard Model that have an operator basis that is identical to the operator basis of the Standard Model is investigated. It is shown that, by combining information about the form of the charge lepton asymmetry A _FB at small values of the square of the invariant dilepton mass and information about the average value of the time-dependent CP asymmetry, one can in principle determine the relative phases of the Wilson coefficients C _7γ , C _9V , and C _10A in the effective Hamiltonian for b → {d, s}ℓ⁺ℓ⁻ transitions.     

Puzzles in B physics

I discuss some puzzles observed in exclusive B-meson decays, concentrating on the large difference between the direct CP asymmetries in the B ⁰ → π⁻ K ⁼ and B ^± → π⁰ K ^± modes, the large B ⁰ → π⁰π⁰ branching ratio, and the large deviation of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the b → sqq penguins from those in the b → ccs trees.     

Polarization‐sensitive CARS spectroscopy on free‐base porphyrins: coproporphyrin I tetramethyl ester

The application of polarization‐sensitive (PS) coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy for the investigation of highly luminescent free‐base porphyrins under Q_x band resonance is discussed. For coproporphyrin I tetramethyl ester (CP‐I‐TME), PS CARS spectra involving resonances with the electronic Q_x absorption band as well as polarized spontaneous Raman spectra involving B band resonance are presented. A quantitative evaluation of the CP‐I‐TME spectra is performed and the results are compared to our previously presented data on free‐base octaethylporphine (OEP) and mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (MP‐IX‐DME), which were obtained under identical excitation conditions. This comprehensive analysis reveals several spectral differences that can be attributed to the different β–substitution pattern of the porphyrin macrocycle. Additionally, the strong resonance enhancement of totally symmetric modes under Q_x band excitation is identified as a common property for OEP, CP‐I‐TME, and MP‐IX‐DME; this enhancement selectivity distinguishes the investigated substances from what is generally observed for metallo porphyrins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inelastic light scattering studies of diffuse phase transition in ferroelectric Sr1.9Ca0.1NaNb5O15 thin films

The dynamic behavior of highly oriented ferroelectric Sr_1.9Ca_0.1NaNb₅O₁₅ thin films has been investigated by Brillouin light scattering over a wide temperature range between 25 and 450 °C. The temperature variations of the full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of the central peak (CP) are found to exhibit marked changes around the Curie temperature (T_c = 246 °C). The CP reveals a relaxational mode behavior, which is attributed to thermally activated fast relaxation of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The width of the CP decreases steadily upon cooling from ∼400 °C to T_c and shows little subsequent change within the ferroelectric state, indicating an increase of the number of PNRs and a slowing down of their dynamics. By using a modified superparaelectric model, the activation energy (H₀) of the relaxation processes and the Burns temperature (T_B) are determined to be 2939 and 385 °C, respectively. The evidence for this diffuse phase transition provided by Brillouin scattering is in agreement with results obtained from the temperature‐dependent dielectric permittivity, refractive index, and Raman spectra. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of the spectrum of CH335C1 between 4250 and 4600 CM?1: thev2+v4 andv4+v5 rovibrational bands

About 2500 lines of CH₃ ³⁵Cl have been assigned. The strong xy Coriolis resonance between thev ₂ andv ₅ modes is quite visible between thev ₄+v ₄ ^±1 perpendicular band, centered around 4383 cm^–1, and thev ₄ ^±1 +v ₅ ^±1 perpendicular component, centered around 4475 cm^–1, with a crossing of upper energy levels allowing the observation of lines which are normally forbidden. Although not yet observed with certainty, because of the great density of lines of the spectrum, thev ₄ ¹ +v ₅ ^±1 parallel component is nevertheless detectable by its effects onv ₂+v ₄ ^±1 which is linked by Coriolis resonance to both components ofv ₄+v ₅. Moreover the spectrum is much complicated by many other resonances with weak bands which occur at level crossings: it is the case ofv ₂+3v ₆ ^±1 , connected tov ₂+v ₄ ^±1 by the well known Darling Dennison resonance which couplesv ₄ ^±1 and 3v ₆ ^±1 , and also ofv ₅ ^±1 +3v ₆ ^±1 connected tov ₄ ^±1 +v ₅ ^±1 by the same resonance; but this last case is complicated by an anharmonic resonance betweenv ₅ ^±1 +3v ₆ ^±1 and 2v ₃+3v ₆ ¹ . Two more perturbations occur on the K=–1 side ofv ₂+v ₄: a weak Coriolis resonance gives rise to one subband ofv ₁+v ₂ at a level crossing withv ₂+v ₄, and thev ₁+v ₅ band (linked of course tov ₁+v ₂ by the Coriolis resonance between thev ₂ andv ₅ modes) is quite visible and perturbs several subbands ofv ₂+v ₄ of high values of K through an anharmonic resonance. Moreover, the complex (3v ₅ ^±1 ,v+2v ₅ ⁰ , 2v ₂+v ₅ ^±1 , 3v ₂,v ₂+2v ₅ ^±2 , 3v ₅ ^±3 ) system of Coriolis-connected bands is linked to the bands studied in the present work by two Fermi resonances: one betweenv ₂+2v ₅ ⁰ andv ₁+v ₂, and the other one betweenv ₁+v ₅ and 3v ₅ ^±1 , whose several subbands have been observed on the low part of the spectrum. The values of all the band centres and of the different coupling constants have been estimated, but all these interactions make the line assignments and the interpretation of the spectrum very difficult.     

Lattice matrix elements and CP violation in<Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis> physics: Status and outlook

Status of lattice calculations of hadron matrix elements along with CP violation inB and inK systems is reviewed. Lattice has provided useful input which, in conjunction with experimental data, leads to the conclusion that CP-odd phase in the CKM matrix plays the dominant role in the observed asymmetry inB → ψK _s. It is now quite likely that any beyond the SM, CP-odd, phase will cause only small deviations in B-physics. Search for the effects of the new phase(s) will consequently require very large data samples as well as very precise theoretical predictions. Clean determination ofall the angles of the unitarity triangle therefore becomes essential. In this regardB → KD⁰ processes play a unique role. RegardingK-decays, remarkable progress made by theory with regard to maintenance of chiral symmetry on the lattice is briefly discussed. First application already provide quantitative information onB _K and the ΔI = 1/2 rule. In the lattice calculation, the enhancement in Re A₀ appears to arise solely from tree operators, esp. Q₂; penguin contribution toRe A₀ appears to be very small. However, improved calculations are necessary for ε’/ε as the contributions of QCD penguins and electroweak penguins largely seem to cancel. There are good reasons, though, to believe that these cancellations will not survive improvements that are now underway. Importance of determining the unitarity triangle purely fromK-decays is also emphasized.