On Domination and Independence Numbers of Graphs

A set S of vertices of a graph G is dominating if each vertex x not in S is adjacent to some vertex in S, and is independent if no two vertices in S are adjacent. The domination number, γ(G), is the order of the smallest dominating set in G. The independence number, α(G), is the order of the largest independent set in G. In this paper we characterize bipartite graphs and block graphs G for which γ(G) = α(G).     

一个不可定向曲面的极小禁用子图的构造

曲面S的一个极小禁用子图是这样的一个图,它的任何一个顶点的度都不小于3,它不能嵌入在S上,但是删去任何一条边后得到的图能嵌入在S上.本文给出了四种构造一个不可定向曲面的极小禁用子图的方式,即粘合一个顶点,一个图的边被其它的图替换,粘合两个顶点,将一个图放在另一个图的一个曲面嵌入的面内.     

和图、整和图及模和图的几个结果

Let N denote the set of positive integers.The sum graph G (S) of a finite subset S (C) N is the graph (S,E) with uv ∈ E if and only if u v ∈ S.A graph G is said to be a sum graph if it is isomorphic to the sum graph of some S С N.By using the set Z of all integers instead of N,we obtain the definition of the integral sum graph.A graph G=(V,E) is a mod sum graph if there exists a positive integer z and a labelling,λ,of the vertices of G with distinct elements from {0,1,2,...,z-1} so that uv ∈ E if and only if the sum,modulo z,of the labels assigned to u and v is the label of a vertex of G.In this paper,we prove that flower tree is integral sum graph.We prove that Dutch m-wind-mill (Dm) is integral sum graph and mod sum graph,and give the sum number of Dm.     

Total restrained bondage in graphs

A subset S of vertices of a graph G with no isolated vertex is a total restrained dominating set if every vertex is adjacent to a vertex in S and every vertex in V (G) S is also adjacent to a vertex in V (G) S. The total restrained domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a total restrained dominating set of G. In this paper we initiate the study of total restrained bondage in graphs. The total restrained bondage number in a graph G with no isolated vertex, is the minimum cardinality of a subset of edges E such that G E has no isolated vertex and the total restrained domination number of G E is greater than the total restrained domination number of G. We obtain several properties, exact values and bounds for the total restrained bondage number of a graph.     

The Rainbow Vertex-disconnection in Graphs

Let G be a nontrivial connected and vertex-colored graph. A subset X of the vertex set of G is called rainbow if any two vertices in X have distinct colors. The graph G is called rainbow vertex-disconnected if for any two vertices x and y of G, there exists a vertex subset S of G such that when x and y are nonadjacent, S is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of G-S; whereas when x and y are adjacent, S + x or S + y is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of(G-xy)-S. For a connected graph G, the rainbow vertex-disconnection number of G, denoted by rvd(G), is the minimum number of colors that are needed to make G rainbow vertexdisconnected. In this paper, we characterize all graphs of order n with rainbow vertex-disconnection number k for k ∈ {1, 2, n}, and determine the rainbow vertex-disconnection numbers of some special graphs. Moreover, we study the extremal problems on the number of edges of a connected graph G with order n and rvd(G) = k for given integers k and n with 1 ≤ k ≤ n.     

有关循环图C(n;{1,k})的独立数的一些结果

令G=(V(G),E(G))是一个简单有限无向图.如果V(G)的子集S中任意两个顶点均不相邻,则S是图G的一个独立集.顶点独立集大小的最大值,称为图G的独立数,记作α(G).本文研究了循环图C(n;{1,k})的独立数问题,并给出了当k=2,3,4,5时的准确值.     

本刊英文版Vol.29(2013),No.6论文摘要

<正>Total Restrained Bondage in Graphs Nader JAFARI RAD Roslan HASNI Joanna RACZEK Lutz VOLKMANN Abstract A subset S of vertices of a graph G with no isolated vertex is a total restrained dominating set if every vertex is adjacent to a vertex in S and every vertex in V(G)-S is also adjacent to a vertex in V(G)-S.The total restrained domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a total restrained dominating set of G.In this paper we initiate the study of     

A lower bound for the independence number of a planar graph

A subset of the vertices of a graph is independent if no two vertices in the subset are adjacent. The independence number α(G) is the maximum number of vertices in an independent set. We prove that if G is a planar graph on N vertices then $\text{α(G)/N ?}\text{2}\text{9}$.     

一类直径为2的极大平面图的Mostar指数

图G的Mostar指数定义为Mo(G)=∑uv∈Ε(G)|nu-nv|,其中nu表示在G中到顶点u的距离比到顶点v的距离近的顶点个数,nv表示到顶点v的距离比到顶点u的距离近的顶点个数.若一个图G的任两点之间的距离至多为2,且不是完全图,则称G是一个直径为2的图.已知直径为2点数至少为4的极大平面图的最小度为3或4.本文研究了直径为2且最小度为4的极大平面图的Mostar指数.具体说,若G是一个点数为n,直径为2,最小度为4的极大平面图,则(1)当n≤12时,Mostar指数被完全确定;(2)当n≥13时,4/3n2-44/3n+94/3≤Mo(G)≤2n2-16n+24,且达到上,下界的极图同时被找到.     

极大全控点临界图

图G的点集S如果满足:VG-S(或VG)中每个点相邻于S中的某个点(或而不是它本身),则称点集S是一个控制集(或全控制集).图G的所有控制集(或全控制集)中最小基数的控制集(或全控制集)中的点数,称为控制数(或全控数),记为γ(G)(或γt(G)).在这篇文章中我们特征化γt-临界图且满足γt(G)=n-Δ(G)的图特征,这回答了Goddard等人提出的一个问题.     

2-Tree probe interval graphs have a large obstruction set

Probe interval graphs (PIGs) are used as a generalization of interval graphs in physical mapping of DNA. G=(V,E) is a probe interval graph (PIG) with respect to a partition (P,N) of V if vertices of G correspond to intervals on a real line and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their corresponding intervals intersect and at least one of them is in P; vertices belonging to P are called probes and vertices belonging to N are called non-probes. One common approach to studying the structure of a new family of graphs is to determine if there is a concise family of forbidden induced subgraphs. It has been shown that there are two forbidden induced subgraphs that characterize tree PIGs. In this paper we show that having a concise forbidden induced subgraph characterization does not extend to 2-tree PIGs; in particular, we show that there are at least 62 minimal forbidden induced subgraphs for 2-tree PIGs.     

图的双控制的一些新结果

图G=(V,E)的每个顶点控制它的闭邻域的每个顶点.S是一个顶点子集合,如果G的每一个顶点至少被S中的两个顶点控制,则称S是G的一个双控制集.把双控制集的最小基数称为双控制数,记为dd(G).本文探讨了双控制数和其它控制参数的一些新关系,推广了[1]的一些结果.并且给出了双控制数的Nordhaus-Gaddum类型的结果.     

A CHARACTERIZATION OF STABLE GRAPHS ON A MAXIMUM(MINIMUM) NUMBER OF EDGES

ABSTRACT

A connected, nontrivial, simple graph of order v is said to be α,β destructible if α,β are factors of v and an α-set of edges, E', exists whose removal from G isolates exactly the vertices in α,β-set V'. Graphs which are not α,β destructible for any α,β are called stable, If G is a stable graph on a prime number p ≥ 7 of vertices, then we show that G has a maximum number of edges if and only if G is K_2,p-2, We also characterize stable graphs on a minimum number of edges.     

The Zero-Divisor Graphs Which Are Uniquely Determined By Neighborhoods

A nonempty simple connected graph G is called a uniquely determined graph, if distinct vertices of G have distinct neighborhoods. We prove that if R is a commutative ring, then Γ(R) is uniquely determined if and only if either R is a Boolean ring or T(R) is a local ring with x² = 0 for any x ∈ Z(R), where T(R) is the total quotient ring of R. We determine all the corresponding rings with characteristic p for any finite complete graph, and in particular, give all the corresponding rings of K_n if n + 1 = p^q for some primes p, q. Finally, we show that a graph G with more than two vertices has a unique corresponding zero-divisor semigroup if G is a zero-divisor graph of some Boolean ring.     

A counterexample to the bold conjecture

A pair of vertices (x,y) of a graph G is an o-critical pair if o(G + xy) > o(G), where G + xy denotes the graph obtained by adding the edge xy to G and o(H) is the clique number of H. The o-critical pairs are never edges in G. A maximal stable set S of G is called a forced color class of G if S meets every o-clique of G, and o-critical pairs within S form a connected graph. In 1993, G. Bacsó raised the following conjecture which implies the famous Strong Perfect Graph Conjecture: If G is a uniquely o-colorable perfect graph, then G has at least one forced color class. This conjecture is called the Bold Conjecture. Here we show a simple counterexample to it. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 25: 165–168, 1997     

含有割点的图的最小特征值

Let ψ be a certain set of graphs.A graph is called a minimizing graph in the set ψ if its least eigenvalue attains the minimum among all graphs in ψ.In this paper,we determine the unique minimizing graph in ψn,where ψn denotes the set of connected graphs of order n with cut vertices.     

On the critical difference of almost bipartite graphs

Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics - A set $$S\subseteq V$$ is independent in a graph $$G=\left( V,E\right) $$ if no two vertices from S are adjacent. The independence number $$\alpha (G)$$ is the...     

Cycles through ten vertices in 3-connected cubic graphs

It is known that there exists a cycle through any nine vertices of a 3-connected cubic graphG. Here we show that if an edge is removed from such a graph, then there is still a cycle through any five vertices. Furthermore, we characterise the circumstances in which there fails to be a cycle through six. As corollaries we are able to prove that a 3-connected cubic graph has a cycle through any specified five vertices and one edge, and to classify the conditions under which it has a cycle through four chosen vertices and two edges. We are able to use the five and six vertex results to show that a 3-connected cubic graph has a cycle which passes through any ten given vertices if and only if the graph is not contractible to the Petersen graph in such a way that the ten vertices each map to a distinct vertex of the Petersen graph.     

极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图

如果对一个简单图G的每一个与G的顶点数同奇偶的独立集I，都有G-I有完美匹配，则称G是独立集可削去的因子临界图．如果图G不是独立集可削去的因子临界图，而对任意两个小相邻的顶点x与y，G xy足独立集可削去的因子临界图，则称G足极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图，本刻画了极大非独立集可削去的因子临界图。