盐酸巴马汀与葫芦[7]脲的相互作用及荧光增敏机理探讨

采用荧光光谱法和核磁共振技术(1H NMR)研究了葫芦[7]脲(CB[7])与盐酸巴马汀(PAL)之间的超分子作用,无荧光的CB[7]可以与弱荧光的PAL相互作用形成1∶1的主客体包结配合物,同时产生强大的荧光发射,其包结稳定常数K=1.18×105 L.mol-1。热力学常数△G、△H和△S计算结果说明反应是焓变驱动。分子模型通过高斯密度泛函理论计算。在能量最小化结构中,PAL分子中含甲氧基的异喹啉部分进入CB[7]的疏水空腔,形成内包结物。苯环和异喹啉环的二面角从23.37°变为-8.09°。从而确定了PAL在CB[7]存在下产生强大的荧光发射的主要因素。此外,1H NMR研究和分子模型计算推导出了主客体之间相互作用的机理,确定了包结配合物的形成过程。     

以黄连素/葫芦脲[7]包合物为荧光探针测定青霉胺

黄连素能和葫芦脲[7]生成1:1的主-客体稳定的包合物并使其荧光强度显著增强。当加入青霉胺后,黄连素/葫芦脲[7]所形成的包合物的荧光迅速猝灭,据此建立了一种简便灵敏的检测青霉胺的新方法。青霉胺浓度在90～3000μg/L范围内与荧光猝灭值ΔF呈良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9996。检出限为30μg/L。本方法的加标回收率为98.3%～103.6%,相对标准偏差为0.68%～0.95%。本方法成功用于药片中青霉胺的测定。     

葫芦脲[7]与核黄素包结物的可能结构和光谱性质

利用密度泛函理论对葫芦脲[7]和核黄素包结物的可能结构进行了理论计算.从5种可能结构分析主客体在包结物中的作用得出:核黄素作为客体分子与主体葫芦脲[7]分子通过不同官能团作用可形成稳定性不同的包结物,其中以核糖醇的羟基插入到葫芦脲[7]分子的腔体与其端羰基氧原子形成较多的氢键最稳定.在理论上证明了此包结反应为一放热反应的实验事实,并进一步说明了包结物分子的相对稳定性受主客体分子的几何畸变能和主客体之间作用能的影响,说明了成键能和稳定性之间的区别.在此基础上利用时间相关的密度泛函理论进行了不同构型包结物的激发态计算并对光谱性质进行了理论预测.比较了包结物中核黄素分子的跃迁轨道的组成变化,分析得出:葫芦脲[7]的包结作用改变了核黄素分子的电子跃迁性质,使其吸收光谱发生红移.并预测出其荧光猝灭的微观机理,此理论计算结果很好地解释了相应的实验现象.     

羟基葫芦[6]脲与孟加拉红包结作用的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB[6])对孟加拉红(TSS)的包结作用,考察了HOCB[6]浓度、缓冲液pH、温度、包结时间、有机溶剂等因素对包结作用的影响,结果表明,体系的荧光强度随着HOCB[6]浓度的升高而增强,呈现显著荧光增敏现象,同时荧光峰位有一定蓝移,Hildebrand-Benesi法计算结果显示HOCB[6]与TSS形成了1∶1的包结配合物,包结反应的热力学参数表明该包结过程为自发放热过程,这可能是主客体分子之间的疏水作用与离子偶极作用所引起的。     

荧光光谱法研究葫芦[7]脲与6-巯嘌呤和腺嘌呤的包结作用

采用荧光光谱法分别研究了葫芦[7]脲(CB[7])对6-巯嘌呤(6-MP)和腺嘌呤(ADP)的包结作用.实验考察了时间、pH值以及温度对荧光强度和包结作用的影响,利用Benesi-Hildebrand方程分别计算出6-MP和ADP与CB[7]的包结常数.结果表明:酸度对体系的包结有明显的影响.在pH值为8.0和2.0左右时,6-MP和ADP分别具有稳定和最佳激发和发射波长,随着CB[7]浓度的增大,体系的荧光强度都有明显增强,包结作用迅速(小于5 min).实验得出CB[7]与6-MP和ADP的包结比均为1∶1,在298 K时的包结常数分别为3.6797×102 L·mol-1和2.2033×102 L·mo1-1.通过热力学参数的变化,探讨了维系包结物稳定性的主要作用力.CB[7]是葫芦脲家族中水溶性最强的主体分子,作为一种安全低毒的药物载体极具潜力.     

葫芦[7]脲的合成及其与甲基橙的超分子行为研究——综合性研究型实验设计

以尿素为原料合成甘脲,再与甲醛反应合成葫芦脲,然后通过红外、紫外、核磁对其进行表征。详细研究了葫芦[7]脲与甲基橙的超分子包结行为。本实验可使学生接触到超分子化学,有利于学生了解有关葫芦脲的合成方法和包结性质,提高综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

荧光法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与水溶性苯胺蓝的分子识别作用

采用荧光光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB6)与水溶性苯胺蓝(AB)、荧光素(FS)和甲基紫(MV)之间的包结作用。结果表明,HOCB6与FS和MV无相互作用,而与AB能形成1∶1型的HOCB6-AB内包结物,并测得HOCB6-AB包结物的包结常数为1.02×103L.mol-1。考察了溶液的pH值、常见有机溶剂、表面活性剂和金属离子等对该包结物的形成及荧光强度的影响,初步探讨了它们之间的作用机理。通过选用不同荧光探针作客体,揭示客体分子的大小和空间位阻对主客体包结物的形成具有决定性的影响,在空间匹配的条件下,通过疏水和氢键作用形成稳定的包结物。     

光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与对氨基苯磺酸的分子识别作用

光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与对氨基苯磺酸的分子识别作用;紫外光谱法;荧光光谱法;分子识别;包结作用;羟基葫芦[6]脲;对氨基苯磺酸     

Inclusion complex of riboflavin with cucurbit[7]uril: study in solution and solid state

The aqueous solution of riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril complex has been studied based on fluorescence and ¹H NMR spectroscopic results. Upon addition of cucurbit[7]uril, the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin was quenched and a slight red shift was observed for the maximum emission peak. These results indicated that the cucurbit[7]uril–riboflavin complex was formed at a 1:1 mole ratio. The temperature-dependent inclusion constants were calculated, from which ΔH and ΔS values were calculated. Meanwhile, rationale of the interaction mechanism was also discussed based on ¹H NMR results. The solid inclusion complex was prepared from co-evaporation method and characterised by differential thermal analysis and fluorescence lifetime analysis methods. The experimental results indicated that riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril formed stable host–guest inclusion complex in both solution and solid states.     

Isolated supramolecular [Ru(bpy)3]-viologen-[Ru(bpy)3] complexes with trapped CB[7,8] and photoinduced electron-transfer study in nonaqueous solution

The synthesis of two supramolecular diruthenium complexes, 1 ?CB[7] and 1 ?CB[8] (CB[n]=cucurbit[n]uril), which contain the respective host CB[7] and CB[8], were synthesized and isolated. In the case of host CB[8], the desired supramolecular complex was obtained by utilizing dihydroxynapthalene as a template during the synthesis. The ¹H NMR spectra, electrochemistry, and photochemistry of these supramolecular complexes were performed in nonaqueous solution. The results show that both CB[7,8] hosts mainly bind to the linker part in solution in acetonitrile. This binding also lowers the oxidation potential of the ruthenium metal center and hinders the quenching effect by the viologen moiety. It has also been shown that external methylviologen can be included into 1 ?CB[8]. Analysis with NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and photochemistry clearly shows a viologen radical dimer formation between the bound viologen and free methylviologen, thereby showing that the unique abilities of the CB[8] host can be utilized even in nonaqueous solution.     

A Facile Route to Viologen Functional Macromolecules through Azide–Alkyne [3+2] Cycloaddition

Viologen end and side‐chain functional macromolecules are synthesized through a high‐yielding, copper‐mediated azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the C‐terminus of a model oligopeptide are quantitatively end‐coupled to a viologen moiety as confirmed by ¹H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Side‐chain functionalization of a styrene backbone is also readily achieved forming a polyelectrolyte species and demonstrating the applicability of this method across a range of macromolecular species. It is found that viologen itself slows the reaction and that careful choice of counter ions, the specific chelating ligand for the copper‐mediated reaction, solvent, as well as the amount of copper also play major roles in the time to completion of the reaction and hence the yield. Macromolecules formed through this route bind effectively with supramolecular host molecule cucurbit[8]uril allowing for controlled solution‐phase self‐assembly, for example of a supramolecular star polymer.

     

葫［7］环联脲作为毛细管电泳分离介质的研究

以葫［7］环联脲(CB［7］)作为毛细管电泳添加剂,成功地分离了6种硝基苯类化合物。考察了pH值对电渗流的影响,初步评价了其基本的电泳性能,结果表明在所考察的pH值范围内(pH 2~6.5),葫［7］环联脲是质子化的,且吸附到毛细管内壁上,这使得毛细管内壁带上正电荷,电渗流反向;初步考察了葫［7］环联脲的浓度对分离的影响,证明了用葫［7］环联脲作为添加剂可完全分离对硝基乙苯、对硝基甲苯、对氯硝基苯、间二硝基苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯和硝基苯这6种物质,最佳的缓冲液为10 mmol/L Na2HPO4（用盐     

Cucurbit[5]uril, Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and Cucurbit[6]uril. Synthesis, Solubility and Amine Complex Formation

A simple way to prepare cucurbit[5]uril is described. The macrocycles of the cucurbituril type are nearly insoluble in water. The solubilities of cucurbit[5]uril, decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and cucurbit[6]uril in hydrochloric acid, formic acid and acetic acid of different concentrations have been investigated. Due to the formation of complexes between cucurbit[n]urils and protons the solubility increases in aqueous acids. The macrocyclic ligands are able to form complexes with several organic compounds. Thus, the complex formation of the cucurbituril macrocycles with different amines has beenstudied by means of calorimetric titrations. The reaction enthalpy gives noevidence of the formation of inclusion or exclusion complexes. ¹H-NMR measurements show that in the case of cucurbit[5]uril and cucurbit[6]uril the organic guest compound is included within the hydrophobic cavity. Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril forms only exclusion complexes with organicamines. This was confirmed by the crystal structure of the decamethylcucurbit[5]uril-1,6-diaminohexane complex.     

Improvement of Dispersion and Release Properties of Nifedipine in Suppositories by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Geometries, electronic properties and NMR-shielding of cucurbit[5]uril, decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, cucurbit[6]uril, cucurbit[7]uril, and cucurbit[8]uril are investigated with DFT calculations. All molecules are highly symmetrical with a distinct geometric flexibility. In addition with a characteristic partial charge distribution these findings account for their chemical complex building ability.     

Synthesis of Cucurbit[5]uril-Spermine-[2]Rotaxanes

Cucurbit[5]uril and decamethylcucurbit[5]uril are cyclic pentamers built from glycoluril or dimethylglycoluril respectively. Two different experimental methods have been used for the synthesis of the different [2]rotaxanes. The formed rotaxanes are characterized using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. In contrast to cucurbit[5]uril no [2]rotaxane could be obtained with decamethylcucurbit[5]uril.     

六元瓜环／1，2-乙二胺的超分子化合物结构及相互作用模式

合成了六元瓜环与链状烷基二胺（1,2-乙二胺）形成的超分子化合物．采用X射线衍射技术测定了其晶体结构,并得到元素分析、热重、红外光谱的佐证,揭示了主客体相互作用的模式．还采用^1HNMR技术研究了溶液中六元瓜环与乙二胺的超分子相互作用．研究表明,在不同的环境下瓜环与客体采取相异的超分子作用模式,晶体结构中显示一个六元瓜环的两个端口通过离子偶极作用以不同的作用模式分别跟两个乙二胺客体分子形成一个三单元组成的超分子作用实体;而在溶液中瓜环与乙二胺的相互作用模式与晶体中的不同．     

Host-guest complexes of cucubit[8]uril with phenanthrolines and some methyl derivatives

Cucurbituril a molecular container (or host) has a rigid hollow interior cavity which is large enough to accommodate, one or more, smaller molecules (or guests). The cavity is accessible through two carbonyl portal openings. Molecules or guests enter the …     

Encapsulation of Trimethine Cyanine in Cucurbit[8]uril: Solution versus Solid-State Inclusion Behavior

Inclusion of polymethine cyanine dyes in the cavity of macrocyclic receptors is an effective strategy to alter their absorption and emission behavior in aqueous solution. In this paper, the effect of the host-guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and a model trimethine indocyanine (Cy3) on dye spectral properties and aggregation in water is investigated. Solution studies, performed by a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques, indicate that the addition of CB[8] disrupts Cy3 aggregates, leading to the formation of a 1 : 1 host-guest complex with an association constant of 1.5×10⁶ M⁻¹. At concentrations suitable for NMR experiments, the slow formation of a supramolecular polymer was observed, followed by precipitation. Single crystals X-ray structure elucidation confirmed the formation of a polymer with 1 : 1 stoichiometry in the solid state.