热质双扩散与流固共轭传热及吸附的LBM模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法,基于孔隙尺度,对填有均匀介质的复合方腔顶盖驱动双扩散混合对流及流固共轭传热、吸附进行数值模拟.在孔隙率ε=0.79,普朗特数Pr=0.7,格拉晓夫数Gr=10⁴和路易斯数Le=1.0时,就不同浮升力比（-100≤Br≤100）和吸附率常数（0.001≤k₁≤0.005）对方腔内部热质传输的影响进行比较.给出流线、等温线、等浓度线、平均努赛尔数Nu_av、舍伍德数Sh_av和吸附量等.结果表明Br通过改变介质所处流场的浓度分布影响吸附,而k₁的增加显著地提高吸附效率和吸附能力.     

考虑液面凹陷时金属熔化与蒸发的数值研究

将关于液面凹陷的Young-Laplace方程与关于金属溶池的流体力学方程组及关于金属蒸发的ＢＧＫ方程联立求解，在给定的电子枪加热条件下，获得了熔池流场和温度场图像及金属蒸气密度、速度和温度分布.数值计算结果表明，随电子枪功率增加，金属的蒸发速率增加，蒸气的密度增大、温度降低而速度升高.与假设液面为平面的情况相比，考虑液面凹陷后求得的液面温度较低，金属的蒸发速率较小，并且这种差别随电子枪功率的增加而扩大.因此对于高功率电子枪加热金属蒸发，必须考虑液面凹陷的影响才能得到符合实际的结果. 关键词： 液面凹陷 Young-Laplace方程 熔池 金属蒸发     

液态铅铋合金横掠管束对流换热数值计算

直流螺旋管式蒸汽发生器具有结构紧凑和换热系数高等优点,能够进一步提高液态金属反应堆的紧凑性和经济性。此时蒸发器壳侧为液态金属横掠管束流动,而在可查阅文献中专门针对液态金属横掠顺排管束的换热关系式却很有限。本文采用SST k-ω模型和湍流普朗特数模型数值研究了液态铅铋合金横掠顺排管束的流动和换热特征。首先采用前人的实验结果对数值模型进行了验证,模拟结果与努塞尔数实验值偏差小于8%。研究了普朗特数、雷诺数以及管束结构对液态金属横掠顺排管束换热特征的影响。讨论了不同工况下分子热扩散系数和湍流热扩散系数对于换热的贡献以及传热管周向局部换热特征。最后根据计算结果拟合出了液态铅铋合金横掠顺排管束的努塞尔数公式。     

多组元化合物晶体生长过程中的双扩散对流现象

针对多组元化合物晶体的Bridgman生长过程,通过对液相区流场和浓度场的数值模拟,研究生长过程中容器内部双扩散对流与组分分布的情况.首先对比了三段场和梯度场炉壁温度设计情况下液相区的流体双扩散对流以及组分分布情况.在此基础上,针对梯度场炉壁温度条件,分析了不同参数的影响.结果表明:在溶质格拉晓夫数较大时,它的增大能够明显地削弱液相区的流体流动,从而使得界面附近的组分分布也产生变化;此外,拉晶速度的增大也能够使得液相区的双扩散对流受到抑制.     

普朗特数对槽内热磁耦合流动换热影响

针对矩形槽内导电流体普朗特数分别为 0.01、1、100 时,进行了流动形态和换热的数值模拟研究.数值结果表明:普朗特数对流动、温度分布影响不同,从而影响到对流换热的强弱,低普朗特数流体热浮升力作用大,流动以热驱动为主,换热强度弱,发现在低普朗特数下,数值模拟得出的努赛尔数并不能收敛到某一定值,而是在一个区间范围内"来回振荡";高普朗特数流体,电磁力作用大,流动以电磁力驱动对流作用,换热随着哈特曼数的增加而得到很大提高.     

冷热坩埚中电子枪加热金属熔池的数值分析

利用NavierStokes方程在一定的边界条件下求解了电子枪加热长槽形冷、热坩埚中的二维熔池流场,获得了熔池流场的速度和温度分布,并且详细地对比研究了冷、热坩埚中金属熔池的蒸发量与电子枪功率、束宽以及坩埚尺寸的关系.电子枪功率越高、束宽越小(除非小于05mm)、坩埚尺寸越大,则蒸发量越大,电子枪能量的有效利用率也越高.当电子枪束宽较大时,热坩埚的蒸发量较大,而当束宽较小时,冷坩埚的蒸发量较大.计算中对铁、铜、钆和铝等金属熔池进行了数值分析,获得了相似的结果. 关键词： NavierStokes方程 热毛细流 浮力流 金属熔池     

实验"不良导体导热系数的测量"计算方法的改进

本文在考虑了格拉晓夫准则、努塞尔准则及雷利准则的情况下,对实验“不良导体导热系数的测量”的计算方法做了改进.     

热对流条件下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了在热对流条件下的颗粒沉降问题, 在研究单颗粒在等温流体、热流体和冷流体中运动的基础上, 进一步模拟了两个不同温度的颗粒在流体中的沉降.结果表明:两等温颗粒的沉降方式与雷诺数Re以及格拉晓夫数Gr密切相关, 而两不同温度的颗粒与两等温颗粒的沉降规律有显著不同.无论初始位置如何, 冷颗粒最终总位于热颗粒下方运动, Re较大时, 发生连续的拖曳、接触现象, 而Re较小时, 冷颗粒会以较大的沉降速度远离热颗粒. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 颗粒沉降 热对流     

多孔介质方腔内混合对流格子Boltzmann模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法,对多孔介质方腔内的混合对流现象进行研究.方腔内部中心有一发热圆,径宽比D/L=0.4,冷流体从方腔左下角入口流进,从方腔左上角出口流出,四周壁面绝热.在普朗特数Pr=0.71和格拉晓夫数Gr=1.4×10⁴时,分析理查德森数Ri和达西数Da对发热圆表面平均努赛尔数Nu的影响.结果表明：Ri数位于10^-3~10范围内,Nu随Ri的增大而减小.Da越大,Ri对Nu的影响越显著;Da数位于10^-5~10^-2范围内,强制对流占主导的情况下（Ri≤0.1）,Nu随着多孔介质的Da的增大而增大.自然对流占主导的情况下（Ri=10）,Nu对Da的变化不敏感.     

复合方腔顶盖驱动双扩散混合对流格子Boltzmann模拟

为本文基于热质耦合的Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(CLBGK)模型,通过引入浓度分布函数,利用格子Boltzmann方法对顶盖驱动的复合方腔内的双扩散混合对流现象进行了研究,复合方腔由多孔介质区域和自由空间组成。分析了路易斯数Le=2.0,浮升力比N=1.0,格拉晓夫数Gr=10~4和普朗特数Pr=0.7时,孔隙率(ε=0.6/0.7/0.8)、方腔中多孔介质层位置及理查德森数Ri(10~(-3)≤Ri≤10~3)对内部混合对流及热质扩散的影响。给出了方腔内温度、浓度和流线分布,以及高温高浓度壁面的平均努塞尔数Nu_(av)和平均舍伍德数Sh_(av)。研究结果表明:多孔介质层对顶盖驱动方腔内热质双扩散影响显著,且方腔左壁壁面平均努塞尔数Nu_(av)与平均舍伍德数Sh_(av),在位置D_1~D_3之间随多孔介质层的右移而增大,在位置D_3上随Ri(10~(-3)≤Ri≤10~3)的增大而减小。     

Thermo-bioconvection transport of nanofluid over an inclined stretching cylinder with Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion

In this paper, Newtonian nanofluid flow is observed under the effects of the magnetic field, activation energy and motile microorganisms over an inclined stretchable cylinder. The magnificent aspects of nanoliquid are demonstrated by enduring the Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion features.Nonlinear higher order partial differential equations are transformed into first-order ordinary differential equations with suitable similarity variables. The attained sets of governing equations are then cracked by bvp4 c procedure in MATLAB mathematical software. The numerical and graphical outcomes of controlling parameters such as Prandtl number, mixed convection, activation energy, thermophoresis,Brownian parameter, Biot number, Lewis number, Peclet number and motile concentration parameter against the velocity, temperature, volumetric concentration and motile concentration of nanoparticles of the fluid are discussed. The velocity is enhanced with the growth valuation in mixed convection and decay by rising variation of buoyancy ratio parameter, magnetic parameter and bio-convective Rayleigh parameter. The evolution in motile microorganisms is due to the increasing values of microorganisms Biot number. The presented data can be helpful in enhancement of manufacturing processes, biomolecules, extrusion systems applications and energy production improvement.     

Numerical study of magneto-convective heat and mass transfer from inclined surface with Soret diffusion and heat generation effects: A model for ocean magnetic energy generator fluid dynamics

A mathematical model is developed for steady state magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer flow along an inclined surface in an ocean MHD energy generator device with heat generation and thermo-diffusive (Soret) effects. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations with appropriate similarity variables. The emerging two-point boundary value problem is shown to depend on six dimensionless thermophysical parameters - magnetic parameter, Grashof number, Prandtl number, modified Prandtl number, heat source parameter and Soret number in addition to plate inclination. Numerical solutions are obtained for the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations for momentum, energy and salinity (species) conservation, numerically, using the Nachtsheim–Swigert shooting iteration technique in conjunction with the Runge–Kutta sixth order iteration scheme. Validation is achieved with Nakamura's implicit finite difference method. Further verification is obtained via the semi-numerical Homotopy analysis method (HAM). With an increase in magnetic parameter, skin friction is depressed whereas it generally increases with heat source parameter. Salinity magnitudes are significantly reduced with increasing heat source parameter. Temperature gradient is decreased with Prandtl number and salinity gradient (mass transfer rate) is also reduced with modified Prandtl number. Furthermore, the flow is decelerated with increasing plate inclinations and temperature also depressed with increasing thermal Grashof number.     

Direct simulation Monte Carlo study of metal evaporation with collimator in e-beam physical vapor deposition

The flow properties and substrate deposition rate profile, which are the important parameters in electron beam physical vapor deposition, are investigated computationally in this article.Collimators are used to achieve the desired vapor beam and deposition rate profile in some applications.This increases the difficulty measuring boundary conditions and the size of the liquid metal pool inside the collimators.It is accordingly hard to obtain accurate results from numerical calculations.In this article, two-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC) codes are executed to quantify the influence of uncertainties of boundary conditions and pool sizes.Then, three-dimensional DSMC simulations are established to simulate cerium and neodymium evaporation with the collimator.Experimental and computational results of substrate deposition rate profile are in excellent agreement at various evaporation rates and substrate heights.The results show that the DSMC method can assist in metal evaporation with a collimator.     

A numerical study of laminar natural convective heat transfer inside a closed cavity with different aspect ratio

Two-dimensional steady-state laminar natural convection was studied numerically for differentially heated air-filled closed cavity with adiabatic top and bottom walls. The temperature of the left heated wall and cooled right wall was assumed to be constant. The governing equations were iteratively solved using the control volume approach. In this paper, the effects of the Rayleigh number and the aspect ratio were examined. Flow and thermal fields were exhibited by means of streamlines and isotherms, respectively.Variations of the maximum stream function and the average heat transfer coefficient were also shown. The average Nusselt number and was correlated to the Rayleigh number based on curve fitting for each aspect ratio. The investigation covered the range 10⁴ ≤ RA ≤ 10⁷ and is done at Prandtl number equal to 0.693. The result shows the average Nusselt number is the increasing function of Rayleigh number. As the aspect ratio increases, Nusselt number decreases along the hot wall of the cavity. As Rayleigh number increases, Nusselt number increases. Result indicates that at constant aspect ratio, with increase in Rayleigh number the heat transfer rate increases.     

Mesoscopic analysis of heatline and massline during double-diffusive MHD natural convection in an inclined cavity

Double-diffusive natural convection in an inclined cavity with the presence of magnetic field is studied numerically via heatline and massline approach. The governing equations are discretized using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). In this investigation, the controlling parameters involved are Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁵), buoyancy ratio (−5 ≤ N ≤ 5), cavity inclination angle (0° ≤ Ø ≤ 180°), Lewis number (2 ≤ Le ≤ 10), Prandtl number (Pr = 5.0) and Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50). The numerical results obtained by the effect of parameters mentioned above are reported as contours of streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentrations, heatlines, and masslines. The obtained results are compared with the existing literature to validate the coding. The heat and mass transfer rate decrease with increasing the magnetic field and increase with an increase in Rayleigh number. The impact of Ø is maximum for higher Ra and negligible for lower Ra (10³). Increasing Le influences the mass transfer rate to increase and heat transfer to reduce for both opposing and aiding flow.     

Heat Transfer and Entropy in a Vertical Porous Plate Subjected to Suction Velocity and MHD

This article presents an investigation of heat transfer in a porous medium adjacent to a vertical plate. The porous medium is subjected to a magnetohydrodynamic effect and suction velocity. The governing equations are nondepersonalized and converted into ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are solved with the help of the finite difference method. The impact of various parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Grashof number, permeability parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number, viscous dissipation parameter, and magnetic parameter, on fluid flow characteristics inside the porous medium is discussed. Entropy generation in the medium is analyzed with respect to various parameters, including the Brinkman number and Reynolds number. It is noted that the velocity profile decreases in magnitude with respect to the Prandtl number, but increases with the radiation parameter. The Eckert number has a marginal effect on the velocity profile. An increased radiation effect leads to a reduced thermal gradient at the hot surface.     

封闭腔内纳米流体强化自然对流换热的数值模拟

采用F luen软件对封闭腔内Cu-H2O纳米流体强化自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,重点分析Cu纳米粒子添加量和Gr数对换热性能的影响,并解释其换热机理。研究结果表明:在水基液中加入Cu纳米粒子可以显著提高基液的自然对流换热特性。对于一给定的Gr数,随着纳米粒子质量分数的增加,纳米流体的速度组成部分增加,纳米流体质量分数越大,x方向和y方向的速度峰越大,因此加速了流体中能量传输。另一方面,随着Gr数的增加,流线图中旋涡逐渐变大,流线间强度增加,说明换热效果逐渐增强。当Gr数较小时,传热主要是由热壁和冷壁之间的热传导引起的,随着Gr数的增大,换热逐渐变为由对流换热占主导地位。     

Viscosity,heat conductivity,and Prandtl number effects in the Rayleigh–Taylor Instability

The two-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem is simulated with a multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model with a gravity term. Viscosity, heat conductivity, and Prandtl number effects are probed from macroscopic and nonequilibrium viewpoints. In the macro sense, both viscosity and heat conduction show a significant inhibitory effect in the reacceleration stage, which is mainly achieved by inhibiting the development of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Before this, the Prandtl number effect is not sensitive. Viscosity, heat conductivity, and Prandtl number effects on nonequilibrium manifestations and the degree of correlation between the nonuniformity and the nonequilibrium strength in the complex flow are systematically investigated.