Kinetics and mechanism of the [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)](-)-mediated oxidation of cysteine by H2O2

The kinetics and mechanism of the [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-)-mediated oxidation of cysteine (RSH) by hydrogen peroxide (edta(4-) = ethylenediaminetetraacetate), were studied in detail as a function of both the hydrogen peroxide and cysteine concentrations at pH 5.1 and room temperature. The kinetic traces reveal clear evidence for a catalytic process in which hydrogen peroxide reacts directly with cysteine coordinated to the Ru(III)(edta) complex in the form of [Ru(III)(edta)SR](2-). A parallel process in which [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-) first reacts with H(2)O(2) to produce [Ru(V)(edta)O](-) and subsequently oxidizes cysteine, is orders of magnitude slower than the [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-)-mediated oxidation in which cysteine rapidly coordinates to [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-) prior to the reaction with H(2)O(2). HPLC product analyses revealed the formation of cystine (RSSR) as major product along with cysteine sulfinic acid (RSO(2)H) in the reaction system, and established the catalytic role of [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-). Simulations were performed to account for the rather complex kinetic traces in terms of the suggested reaction mechanism. The results of the simulations support the proposed reaction mechanism that involves the oxidation of coordinated cysteine to cysteine sulfenic acid (RSOH), which subsequently rapidly reacts with H(2)O(2) and RSH to form RSO(2)H and RSSR, respectively.     

CO Preferential oxidation promoted by UV irradiation in the presence of H2 over Au/TiO2

The catalytic oxidation of CO was performed over Au/TiO(2) under UV irradiation in the presence of H(2) in different reaction systems. It was found that the introduction of H(2) enhanced the CO thermocatalytic oxidation in a CO pre-introduced system (CO/O(2)vs. CO/H(2)/O(2)), but suppressed that in an O(2) pre-introduced (O(2)/CO vs. O(2)/H(2)/CO) system. Although the CO oxidation in both CO/H(2)/O(2) and O(2)/H(2)/CO systems could be remarkably enhanced under UV irradiation, the oxidation of H(2) was suppressed under UV irradiation. It was proposed that the dissociative chemisorption H ([triple bond]Ti-H) at surface oxygen vacancy sites of TiO(2) could act as both the electron-acceptors for the photogeneration electrons and the electron-donors for the chemisorbed O(2) at TiO(2), and thus enhance the CO oxidation during the coinstantaneous process of thermocatalysis and photocatalysis. The suppression of H(2) thermocatalytic oxidation under UV irradiation might be ascribed to the electron transfer effect, i.e., the dissociative chemisorption H on Au (Au-H) could be desorbed at the H(2) molecule via accepting the photogenerated electrons from TiO(2).     

Olefin epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by lacunary polyoxometalate [gamma-SiW10O34H2O2]4-

The tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) salt of the divacant Keggin-type polyoxometalate [TBA](4)[gamma-SiW(10)O(34)(H(2)O)(2)] (I) catalyzes the oxygen-transfer reactions of olefins, allylic alcohols, and sulfides with 30 % aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The negative Hammett rho(+) (-0.99) for the competitive oxidation of p-substituted styrenes and the low value of (nucleophilic oxidation)/(total oxidation), X(SO)=0.04, for I-catalyzed oxidation of thianthrene 5-oxide (SSO) reveals that a strongly electrophilic oxidant species is formed on I. The preferential formation of trans-epoxide during epoxidation of 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene demonstrates the steric constraints of the active site of I. The I-catalyzed epoxidation proceeds with an induction period that disappears upon treatment of I with hydrogen peroxide. (29)Si and (183)W NMR spectroscopy and CSI mass spectrometry show that reaction of I with excess hydrogen peroxide leads to fast formation of a diperoxo species, [TBA](4)[gamma-SiW(10)O(32)(O(2))(2)] (II), with retention of a gamma-Keggin type structure. Whereas the isolated compound II is inactive for stoichiometric epoxidation of cyclooctene, epoxidation with II does proceed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of II with hydrogen peroxide would form a reactive species (III), and this step corresponds to the induction period observed in the catalytic epoxidation. The steric and electronic characters of III are the same as those for the catalytic epoxidation by I. Kinetic, spectroscopic, and mechanistic investigations show that the present epoxidation proceeds via III.     

Pt- and Au-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 2-ethenyl-1-(prop-2'-yn-1'-ol)benzenes to naphthyl aldehydes and ketones: catalytic oxidation of metal-alkylidene intermediates using H2O and H2O2

2-Ethenyl-1-(prop-2'-yn-1'-ol)benzenes was cyclized through catalytic oxidation with PtCl(2)/CO/H(2)O and PEt(3)AuCl/H(2)O(2); the metal-naphthylidene intermediates were identified and oxygenated with water and H(2)O(2), respectively; for the efficiency of cyclization, the Au catalytic system is superior to that of the PtCl(2)-catalysis because of its compatibility toward diverse alcohol substrates including both internal alkynes and terminal alkynes.     

Preferential Oxidation of CO in Excess Hydrogen over CuO-CeO2 Catalyst Prepared by Chelating Method

The CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method has a superior catalytic performance for the preferential oxidation of CO in rich hydrogen, compared with the CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation method. The CO conversions over these catalysts, at 120℃and 120000 ml/(g-h) in the absence of CO2 and H2O, are 99.6% and 88.6%, respectively, and the selectivity of O2 over these catalysts is very close (i.e. 51.3% and 55.8%, respectively). The influence of certain factors such as hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, H2O, O2/CO ratios, and space velocity on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method is also studied. The results show that the addition of hydrogen and H2O has a negative effect on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst, however, the variation of space velocity and the O2/CO ratio causes a comparatively slight influence.     

Mechanisms for the proton mobility-dependent gas-phase fragmentation reactions of S-alkyl cysteine sulfoxide-containing peptide ions

Mechanisms for the gas-phase fragmentation reactions of singly and multiply protonated precursor ions of the model S-alkyl cysteine sulfoxide-containing peptides GAILCGAILK, GAILCGAILR, and VTMGHFCNFGK prepared by reaction with iodomethane, iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, acrylamide, or 4-vinylpyridine, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, as well as peptides obtained from an S-carboxyamidomethylated and oxidized tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin, have been examined using multistage tandem mass spectrometry, hydrogen/deuterium exchange and molecular orbital calculations (at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory). Consistent with previous reports, CID-MS/MS of the S-alkyl cysteine sulfoxide-containing peptide ions resulted in the dominant "non-sequence" neutral loss of an alkyl sulfenic acid (XSOH) from the modified cysteine side chains under conditions of low proton mobility, irrespective of the alkylating reagent employed. Dissociation of uniformly deuterated precursor ions of these model peptides determined that the loss of alkyl sulfenic acid in each case occurred via a "charge-remote" five-centered cis-1,2 elimination reaction to yield a dehydroalanine-containing product ion. Similarly, the charge state dependence to the mechanisms and product ion structures for the losses of CO(2), CO(2) + H(2)O and CO(2) + CH(2)O from S-carboxymethyl cysteine sulfoxide-containing peptides, and for the losses of CH(2)CHCONH(2) and CH(2)CHC(5)H(4)N, respectively, from S-amidoethyl and S-pyridylethyl cysteine sulfoxide-containing peptide ions have also been determined. The results from these studies indicate that both the proton mobility of the peptide precursor ion and the nature of the S-alkyl substituent have a significant influence on the abundances and charge states of the product ions resulting from the various competing fragmentation pathways.     

Determining the feasibility of H2O2 production at a graphite cathode using bond dissociation energy: comparing simple and nitrogen doped cathodes

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is commercially produced by catalytic oxidation of anthrahydroquinone, which is energy-intensive. Electrochemical production of...     

Studies on manganese nodule leached residue 4. Physicochemical characterization and catalytic activity of acetic acid treated manganese nodule leached residue

The catalytic activity of water-washed manganese nodule leached residue (WMNLR) samples improved by treating with acetic acid. The effects of acetic acid treatment on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of manganese nodule leached residue have been studied. The surface area, surface oxygen, surface hydroxyl groups, surface acidity, electron donating properties, etc., increase gradually with acid treatment up to 0.5 M and thereafter show a decreasing trend. The rate constant of H2O2 decomposition, catalytic activity of CO oxidation, and esterification of acetic acid also show a similar trend to that of surface properties.     

Selenocysteine versus cysteine reactivity: a theoretical study of their oxidation by hydrogen peroxide

The cysteine and selenocysteine oxidation by H2O2 in vacuo and in aqueous solution was studied using the integrated molecular orbital + molecular orbital (IMOMO) method combining the quadratic configuration method QCISD(T) and the spin projection of second-order perturbation theory PMP2. It is shown that including in the model system of cysteine (selenocysteine) residue up to 20 atoms has significant consequences upon the calculated reaction energy barrier. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that free cysteine and selenocysteine have very similar reaction energy barriers, 77-79 kJ mol(-1) in aqueous solution. It is thus concluded that the high experimental reaction rate constant reported for the oxidation of the selenocysteine residue in the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) active center is due to an important interaction between selenocysteine and its molecular environment. The sensitivity of the calculated energy barrier to the dielectric constant of the molecular environment observed for both cysteine and selenocysteine as well as the catalytic effect of the NH group emphasized in the case of cysteine supports this hypothesis.     

Effects of reduction temperature and metal-support interactions on the catalytic activity of Pt/gamma-Al2O3 and Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO in the presence and absence of H2

TiO2- and gamma-Al2O3-supported Pt catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, XPS, EXAFS, and in situ FTIR spectroscopy after activation at various conditions, and their catalytic properties were examined for the oxidation of CO in the absence and presence of H2 (PROX). When gamma-Al2O3 was used as the support, the catalytic, electronic, and structural properties of the Pt particles formed were not affected substantially by the pretreatment conditions. In contrast, the surface properties and catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 were strongly influenced by the pretreatment conditions. In this case, an increase in the reduction temperature led to higher electron density on Pt, altering its chemisorptive properties, weakening the Pt-CO bonds, and increasing its activity for the oxidation of CO. The in situ FTIR data suggest that both the terminal and bridging CO species adsorbed on fully reduced Pt are active for this reaction. The high activity of Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO can also be attributed to the ability of TiO2 to provide or stabilize highly reactive oxygen species at the metal-support interface. However, such species appear to be more reactive toward H2 than CO. Consequently, Pt/TiO2 shows substantially lower selectivities toward CO oxidation under PROX conditions than Pt/gamma-Al2O3.     

焙烧温度对柴油车氧化催化剂Pt-Pd-（x）ZrO2/Ce0.3Zr0.7O2-Al2O3性能的影响

制备了氧化铝、铈锆固溶体复合氧化物负载铂、钯的双金属催化剂Pt-Pd/ Ce0.3Zr0.7O2-Al2O3,并添加3% ZrO2助剂改性,用于柴油车尾气中CO、HC和NO的催化氧化,其中贵金属负载量仅为0.68 wt%。考察了制备过程中焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响。催化剂活性评价结果表明,与未添加ZrO2的催化剂比较。添加ZrO2明显提高了催化剂的低温氧化活性,而且焙烧温度对催化剂的氧化性能有较大影响。焙烧温度为800 ?C时,CO和C3H6的起燃温度最低,分别为168、189 ?C,焙烧温度为700 ?C时,NO转化为NO2的转化率最高,最大转化率为36%,具有较好的热稳定性。通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、CO化学吸附、XPS、H2-TPR等表征手段考察了催化剂物理化学性质随焙烧温度的变化情况,并分析了与催化剂活性之间的关系,得到贵金属分散度、表面化学吸附氧含量、催化剂的还原性质对氧化性能有重要影响,发挥协同作用。进而可以通过优化焙烧温度提升柴油车氧化催化剂性能,对提高工业应用柴油车尾气后处理系统的净化效率有重要意义。     

草酸钠改性共沉淀制备高效Cu/ZrO2催化剂及其 在甲醇部分氧化制氢反应中的应用

采用四种不同沉淀剂并流共沉淀制备系列Cu/ZrO2催化剂, 结果表明经过Na2C2O4和NaOH改性沉淀的催化剂在甲醇部分氧化制氢反应中表现出比NaOH, Na2CO3和Na2C2O4-Na2CO3沉淀的催化剂更优越的催化性能, 在533 K可获得92%的氢气产率而CO含量低于1.5%, 并且在110 h寿命测试中保持良好的稳定性. 采用X射线粉末衍射, N2低温吸附, H2-TPR, N2O滴定和X射线光电子能谱对其进行系统表征, 阐述了该改性共沉淀法所得催化剂高性能的本质原因.     

Metal-free activation of H2O2 by g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation for the degradation of organic pollutants

Semiconducting carbon nitride materials were successfully prepared via a thermal poly-condensation of dicyandiamide as a precursor at >500 °C. The resulting materials were investigated as metal-free catalysts for the activation of H(2)O(2) with visible light under mild conditions, using the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution as a model reaction. Results revealed that carbon nitride catalysts can activate H(2)O(2) to generate reactive oxy-radicals under visible light irradiation without employment of any metal additives, leading to the mineralization of the dye. Factors affecting the degradation of organic compounds are pH values and the concentration of H(2)O(2). Recycling of the catalyst indicated no obvious deactivation during the entire catalytic reaction, indicating good (photo)chemical stability of metal-free polymeric carbon nitride photocatalysts for environmental purification. This study demonstrated a promising approach for the activation of green oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, by the newly-developed polymer photocatalysts for environmental remediation and oxidation catalysis.     

焙烧温度对Au/Fe2O3选择性氧化富氢气体中CO催化性能的影响

甲醇重整在线制氢作为质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料成为当前研究的热点。受重整反应动力学及热力学的限制，使得甲醇重整气(富氢气体)中除含有大量的氢气外还含有少量的CO，CO极易吸附在燃料电池阳极催化剂表面，使电池性能下降，因而必须去除重整气中的CO，选择性氧化脱除富氢气     

镍掺杂对氧化铝纳米片负载金催化剂在CO氧化反应中的促进作用（英文）

负载型金催化剂在CO氧化反应中具有良好的低温活性,受到了研究者的广泛关注,其催化性能与载体的性质密切相关.氧化铝具有廉价易得、比表面积大和热稳定性好等优点.然而,作为一种非还原性载体,氧化铝提供活性氧物种的能力差,与还原性载体相比催化剂的CO氧化活性较低.理论计算和实验结果表明,在金催化剂中引入过渡金属镍能够有效促进氧分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,从而提升金催化剂活性.此外,过渡金属的存在能够提高金的分散度,增加活性位数目,防止在高温预处理过程中金颗粒的烧结,从而提高催化剂的活性和稳定性.基于上述考虑,本文在氧化铝纳米片合成过程中原位引入硝酸镍,以实现对氧化铝载体的改性,然后负载金并应用于CO氧化反应.结果表明,当载体中的Ni/Al摩尔比为0.05,金负载量为1wt%时,采用还原性气氛对催化剂进行预处理可以得到具有CO氧化性能优良的金催化剂, 20 oC下CO转化率即可达100%.预处理气氛能够显著影响催化活性,采用还原性气氛预处理后催化剂活性明显优于氧化性气氛预处理.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)、CO吸附原位红外光谱(CO-DRIFT)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段进一步研究了镍掺杂对Au/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的促进作用机制.XRD测试未观察到明显的金或镍衍射峰,表明金或镍物种均为高分散.HRTEM结果进一步证实,引入镍物种后金颗粒的粒径由3.6 nm减小为2.4 nm,表明镍掺杂有助于提高金的分散度.而XPS结果显示,镍掺杂催化剂中金与镍存在电子转移,而镍仍以Ni O为主.H2-TPR结果表明,镍掺杂的催化剂前驱体中的金物种更容易被还原.O2-TPD结果证实,镍掺杂催化剂能够引入更多的氧空位,促进氧分子的吸附和活化,从而促进CO氧化反应的进行.CO-DRIFT结果表明,相比于氧化性气氛,采用还原性气氛预处理后金物种的电子云密度增加, CO吸附增强.而对于镍掺杂的催化剂,金物种吸附CO分子的能力进一步提高,有利于CO氧化反应的进行.综上,镍掺杂能够有效提高催化剂中金的分散度,增强催化剂对CO的吸附,促进氧气分子的吸附和活化,从而提高了催化剂的CO氧化活性.     

La2O3对Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂的甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了MgO-SiO2(MgSiO)复合氧化物负载的Ni-Cu双金属催化剂,采用程序升温还原(TPR),X光电子能谱(XPS),红外光谱(IR),程序升温脱附(TPD)及微反技术考察了稀土La2O3的加入对CH4和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,加入La2O3使催化剂表面Ni和Cu原子的电子云密度增加,CH4和H2O在催化剂表面上的吸附增强. CH4与O2和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂上反应的主要产物为H2和CO2. La2O3的加入有利于提高CH4转化率及H2的选择性,并可提高催化剂稳定性及抗积炭能力. 讨论了La2O3的助催化作用机理.     

On the mechanisms of oxidation of organic sulfides by H2O2 in aqueous solutions

The mechanism of oxidation of organic sulfides in aqueous solutions by hydrogen peroxide was investigated via ab initio calculations. Specifically, two reactions, hydrogen transfer of hydrogen peroxide to form water oxide and the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by hydrogen peroxide to form dimethyl sulfoxide, were studied as models of these processes in general. Solvent effects are included both via including explicitly water molecules and via the polarizable continuum model. The former was found to have a much more significant effect than the latter. When explicit water molecules are included, a mechanism different from those proposed in the literature was found. Specific interactions including hydrogen bonding with 2-3 water molecules can provide enough stabilization for the charge separation of the activation complex. The energy barrier of the oxidation of DMS by hydrogen peroxide was estimated to be 12.7 kcal/mol, within the experimental range of the oxidation of analogous compounds (10-20 kcal/mol). The major reaction coordinates of the reaction are the breaking of the O-O bond of H2O2 and the formation of the S-O bond, the transfer of hydrogen to the distal oxygen of hydrogen peroxide occurring after the system has passed the transition state. Reaction barriers of the hydrogen transfer of H2O2 are an average of 10 kcal/mol or higher than the reaction barriers of the oxidation of DMS. Therefore, a two-step oxidation mechanism in which, first, the transfer of a hydrogen atom occurs to form water oxide and, second, the transfer of oxygen to the substrate occurs is unlikely to be correct. Our proposed oxidation mechanism does not suggest a pH dependence of oxidation rate within a moderate range around neutral pH (i.e., under conditions in which hydronium and hydroxide ions do not participate directly in the reaction), and it agrees with experimental observations over moderate pH values. Also, without including a protonated solvent molecule, it has activation energies that correspond to measured activation energies.     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts：Effect of CeO2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carder porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggested that, the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carder possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts. When appropriate content of CeO2(Ce content ≤8 wt%) was added, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced. In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter, higher dispersion of CuO was observed, better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found, thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

用无机钛源合成Ti-MCM-41的研究

采用无机络合剂稳定钛酰离子的方法,用多种无机钛源合成出了中孔Ti-MCM-41型分子筛,采用XRD,低温N2吸附和FT-IR等方法对合成的含钛分子筛进行了物性的表征。以苯乙烯的H2O2氧化作为模型反应,考察了合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛的催化性能。结果表明,钛原子已进入分子筛骨架,用Ti(SO4)2和TiCl4为钛源合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛在960cm^-1处存在较强的红外吸收,并对苯乙烯的H2O2氧化表现出较高的催化活性。     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalysts:Effect of CeO_2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carrier porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 cata-lysts in CO oxidation were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature,X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR),oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results suggested that,the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carrier possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts.When appropriate content of CeO2 (Ce content 8 wt%) was added,the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced.In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter,higher dispersion of CuO was observed,better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found,thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.