一种在固体基底上制备高度取向氧化锌纳米棒的新方法

采用廉价、低温的方法，在修饰过ZnO纳米粒子膜的ITO基底上成功制备出具有 高长径比、高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列，用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，X射线衍射(XRD) ，高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及拉曼光谱对制备出的ZnO纳米棒的结构和形貌 进行了表征，测试结果表明，ZnO纳米棒是单晶，属于六方晶系，与基底直，上仍 沿(001)晶面择优生长的特征，并且ZnO纳米棒基本上无氧空位的存在，统计结果显 示，水热反应2h后90%以上的ZnO纳米棒直径为120～190nm，长度为4μm     

化学溶液沉积法制备单分散氧化锌纳米棒阵列

在由溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米ZnO薄膜基底上, 采用化学溶液沉积法制备了单分散、高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列膜. 通过控制纳米ZnO薄膜的制备工艺, 可以调节氧化锌纳米棒的直径. 利用FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED和XRD表征了氧化锌纳米棒阵列的形貌和晶体结构. ZnO纳米棒的室温PL谱具有很高的紫外带边发射峰, 在可见光波段无发射峰, 表明该方法制备的ZnO纳米棒晶体结构完整, 晶体中O空位的浓度很低.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Supported CuInSe2 Nanorod Arrays on Rigid Substrates

Copper indium diselenide nanorod arrays were electrodeposited on tungsten/silicon rigid substrates using porous anodic alumina as growth template. The porous anodic alumina templates were prepared by anodizing aluminum films which were sputtered onto the tung-sten/silicon substrates. A selective chemical etching was used to penetrate the barrier layer at the bottom of the alumina channels before electrodeposition, which enables direct elec-trical and chemical contact with the underside substrate electrode. The as-deposited sam-ples were annealed at 450 oC in vacuum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanorods were dense and compact with diameter of about 100 nm, length of approximate 1 μm, and the aspect ratio of 10. X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and highresolution transmission electron microscopy showed that chalcopyrite polycrystalline struc-ture and high purity CuInSe₂ nanorods were obtained. The grain size was large in the rod axial direction. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the composition was nearly stoichiometric. The energy band gap of this nanorod arrays was analyzed by fundamental absorption spectrum and was evaluated to be 0.96 eV.     

In situ growth of LiFePO4 nanorod arrays under hydrothermal condition

A novel in situ combinatorial method has been developed to fabricate LiFePO₄ nanorod arrays, during which anodized alumina oxide (AAO) was employed as the template and ethylene glycol/water medium is used to ensure mass transportation rates of different chemicals to match each other. The samples were then characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After being hydrothermally processed at 160 °C, the highly-crystallized LiFePO₄ arrays were directly obtained, which are composed of single crystal nanorods with a diameter of 200 nm and a length of 3 μm. The reported synthesis is simple, mild and energy-efficient. A noteworthy advantage over conventional sol–gel–template methods is the elimination of high-temperature annealing.     

手性布洛芬对映体的选择性光电化学氧化

将光电化学方法与原位分子印迹技术相结合,通过使用手性布洛芬的对映体S-布洛芬(S-ibuprofen)和R-布洛芬(R-ibuprofen)为模板分子,在原位生长的单晶二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米棒表面构筑S-ibuprofen和R-ibuprofen分子印迹位点,制备出能够对S-ibuprofen和R-ibuprofen选择性识别和催化氧化的印迹电极。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对电极的形貌、结构和组成进行表征,通过电化学阻抗对电极表面的电子传递阻力进行研究,以制备得到的印迹电极为工作电极通过光电化学方法对其印迹位点的光电识别选择性和光电降解选择性进行测试。制备得到的TiO_2为单晶纳米棒阵列,印迹位点成功构筑在TiO_2纳米棒表面且具有很好的择形吸附能力。本工作首次实现了手性医药布洛芬对映体在人工光电催化剂表面的选择性识别和选择性氧化降解。     

基底对电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列的影响

采用恒电位电沉积方法, 在未经修饰的ITO导电玻璃基底上通过控制实验条件制备出不同形貌的纳米ZnO结构, 而在经过ZnO纳米粒子膜修饰后的ITO导电玻璃基底上, 制备出透明、高取向、粒径小于30 nm的ZnO纳米棒阵列. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及透射光谱对制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构、形貌和透明性进行了表征. 测试结果表明, ZnO纳米棒阵列的平均直径为21 nm, 粒径分布窄, 约18～25 nm, 择优生长取向为[001]方向, 垂直于基底生长. 当入射光波长大于400 nm时, ZnO纳米棒阵列的透光率大于95%.     

Characterization of h-WO3 nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal process

Hexagonal tungsten oxide nanorods have been synthesized by hydrothermal strategy using Na₂WO₄·2H₂O as tungsten source, aniline and sulfate sodium as structure-directing templates. Techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the structure, morphology and composition of the nanorods. The h-WO₃ nanorods are up to 5 μm in length, and 50–70 nm in diameter.     

NaOH溶液中CdS纳米棒的水热合成

在NaOH溶液中水热合成了CdS纳米棒, 并探讨了NaOH溶液浓度和反应时间对CdS纳米棒形貌及晶体结构的影响及其可能的生长机理和母液循环可行性. 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对CdS纳米棒进行了表征, 并考察了其在可见光照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性. 结果表明, NaOH溶液是形成棒状形貌的关键因素. 在最优实验条件下, 可获得六方纤锌矿结构CdS纳米棒, 直径约200 nm, 长度可达4 μm. 该纳米棒具有良好的可见光光催化活性.     

A facile route to growth of γ-MnOOH nanorods and electrochemical capacitance properties

Single crystal nanorods of γ-MnOOH with lengths up to hundreds of nanometers were successfully prepared employing a novel solvothermal process based on the redox reaction between potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) and N, N-dimethyl ammonium formate (DMF) without extra surfactant or template. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical properties of γ-MnOOH nanorods were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge performance measurements. Specific capacitance (C(s)) calculated from the galvanostatic discharge curve was 131.9 F g(-1) for γ-MnOOH nanorods at the current density of 0.5 A g(-1). The electrochemical experiment results demonstrate that γ-MnOOH nanorods should be a good candidate as electrode material for supercapacitor.     

Sonoemulsion Synthesis of Long CuO Nanorods with Enhanced Catalytic Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Perchlorate

A facile sonoemulsion route using suitable non-ionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 8000 (PEG8000) was developed to synthesize long CuO nanorods with average diameter of 15–20 nm and lengths up to 1.5 μm. The as-developed CuO nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, SAED and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of as-synthesized nanorods was found to be red-shifted and broadened due to possible consequence of phonon confinement, electron–LO–phonon-coupling and internal compressive stresses. The dynamics of nanorod growth was elaborated in context of size aggregation effect fueled by ultra-sonication and steric hindrance effect imposed by PEG8000. The catalytic activity of CuO nanorods in thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate was examined by thermogravimetric analysis technique. The CuO nanorods prepared by sonoemulsion route was found to be very effective in thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate with significant reduction in thermal decomposition temperature.     

超细钨酸锌纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能

在含有溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)的水溶液中,通过水热法制备了超细钨酸锌（ZnWO4）纳米棒。 用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱表征了所制备的样品。 在汞灯照射下,通过降解甲基橙（MO）检测了超细ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化活性。 结果表明,在CTAB胶束作用下,ZnWO4纳米棒更细更长,超细ZnWO4纳米棒光催化活性比普通ZnWO4纳米棒更强,在同样条件下,前者对MO的降解率为90.2%,后者为50%。     

Praseodymium hydroxide and oxide nanorods and Au/Pr6O11 nanorod catalysts for CO oxidation

Praseodymium hydroxide nanorods were synthesized by a two-step approach: First, metallic praseodymium was used to form praseodymium chloride, which reacted subsequently with KOH solution to produce praseodymium hydroxide. In the second step the hydroxide was treated with a concentrated alkaline solution at 180 degrees C for 45 h, yielding nanorods as shown by the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. The results of X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy experiments indicate that these nanorods are pure praseodymium hydroxide with a hexagonal structure, which can be converted into praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) nanorods of a face-centered cubic structure after calcination at 600 degrees C for 2 h in air. Gold was loaded on the praseodymium oxide nanorods using HAuCl4 as the gold source, and NaBH4 was used to reduce the gold species to metallic nanoparticles with sizes of 8-12 nm on the nanorod surface. These Au/Pr6O11 nanorods exhibit superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation.     

Preparation and characterization of LiFe0.975Rh0.025PO4 nanorods using the hydrothermal method

An effective method for the synthesis of LiFe(0.975)Rh(0.025)PO(4) nanorods to serve as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries is described. During their preparation, L-lysine was used as the growth director of nanorods. The contribution from chloride ions to the formation of the unique nanorods was also investigated. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, M?ssbauer measurements, scanning electron microscopy, electronic conductivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The pH of the solution played a key role in controlling the particle size of the samples. The sample prepared at a pH of 9.5 exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. It delivered an initial discharge capacity of 143.1 mA h g(-1), and a capacity fade of only 7.7% was observed after 200 cycles at 2.5 C over a voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V. Furthermore, its discharge capacity remained stable for values as high as 20 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of LiFe(0.975)Rh(0.025)PO(4) nanorods can be attributed their unique nanorod structure, which limits the distance of lithium ion diffusion in the electrode material to the radius of the nanorods and decreases the surface-film resistance for the charge-transfer process.     

P3HT修饰一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米棒阵列复合膜的光电化学性能

采用电化学方法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列, 在ZnO纳米棒阵列上先后电化学沉积CdS纳米晶膜及聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT修饰的一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米阵列结构, 并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能量散射X射线(EDX)等表征手段证实了该结构的形成. 以此纳米结构薄膜为光阳极组装新型半导体敏化太阳电池, 研究了CdS纳米晶膜的厚度和P3HT薄膜的沉积对电池光伏性能的影响, 初步探讨了电荷在电池结构中的传输机理, 结果表明, CdS纳米晶膜和P3HT薄膜的沉积有效地拓宽了光阳极的光吸收范围, 实验中电池的光电转换效率最高达到1.08%.     

以卵磷脂为手性添加剂制备手性介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的自组装体为模板,卵磷脂(PC)为手性添加剂,在n_PC:n_CTAB=1:21时,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒。利用扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射以及氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段,对该纳米棒的形貌以及孔结构进行了表征。TEM显示该纳米棒的长度约为50~200nm,直径约为30~50nm。X-射线衍射表明孔道呈二维六方排列,虽然FESEM显示纳米棒左右手比例约为1:1,但通过圆二色谱表征证明该纳米棒在埃尺度下倾向于形成单一手性。结果表明,卵磷脂的手性可以传递到螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒中。     

以卵磷脂为手性添加剂制备手性介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的自组装体为模板,卵磷脂(PC)为手性添加剂,在n PC∶nCTAB=1∶21时,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒。利用扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射以及氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段,对该纳米棒的形貌以及孔结构进行了表征。TEM显示该纳米棒的长度约为50～200 nm,直径约为30～50 nm。X-射线衍射表明孔道呈二维六方排列,虽然FESEM显示纳米棒左右手比例约为1∶1,但通过圆二色谱表征证明该纳米棒在埃尺度下倾向于形成单一手性。结果表明,卵磷脂的手性可以传递到螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒中。     

GaN纳米棒的催化合成及其发光特性

使用稀土元素Tb作催化剂, 通过氨化溅射在Si(111)衬底上的Ga2O3/Tb薄膜, 成功制备出GaN纳米棒. X射线衍射测试显示, GaN纳米棒具有六方结构. 利用扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜观察分析得出, 纳米棒为单晶GaN, 纳米棒的直径为50-150 nm, 长度约10 μm. 光致发光谱在368.6 nm处有一强的紫外发光峰, 说明纳米棒具有良好的发光特性. 讨论了GaN纳米棒的生长机制.     

反应条件对ZnWO4纳米棒的形貌和光致发光性能的影响

采用水热法合成了ZnWO4纳米棒, 并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和粉末X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对产物进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 反应溶液的pH值和反应时间是影响ZnWO4纳米棒形成的重要因素. 研究了不同反应条件下制备的ZnWO4纳米晶的光致发光性能.     

模板法室温合成CdS纳米棒

模板法室温合成CdS纳米棒;模板法;硫化镉;一维CdS纳米材料     

Influence of different substrates on ZnO nanorod arrays properties

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays were grown on different substrates by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity of ZnO nanorod was regularly investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine morphology of the ZnO nanorods. The results indicate that the nanorods grow along [002] orientation. SEM and TEM images and XRD patterns show that the growth of ZnO nanorods on graphene/Quartz substrate is better than the other substrates due to the number and size of the nanorods which are highly affected through the properties of ZnO seed layers and it has lower defects than the other substrates. PL spectra ZnO would have a higher concentration of oxygen vacancy.