胰酶的小肽类抑制剂的研究

利用噬菌体表面展示15肽库技术对胰酶抑制剂进行了3轮特异性的筛选.从中得到18个不同的肽序列,与胰酶天然抑制剂活性部位比较,对抑制剂的活性序列进行了分析.根据分析结果合成了1个9肽,其抑制常数为89±10μmol/L.     

高活性燕麦蛋白源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化及结构鉴定

利用胰蛋白酶水解燕麦蛋白制备了高血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme, ACE)抑制活性的燕麦蛋白酶解物, 分别采用离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱等分离手段从酶解物中分离出一种新的强活性ACE抑制肽, 其IC50值为77.3 μmol/L; 通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间串联质谱对其进行结构鉴定, 其氨基酸序列为Glu-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg.     

海地瓜蛋白水解物中ACE抑制肽的分离纯化及合成

采用Sephadex G-25凝胶柱层析、SP Sephadex C-25 阳离子交换层析和反相高效液相色谱等方法对海地瓜水解产物进行分离纯化, 得到了一种新的强活性ACE抑制肽, 其氨基酸序列为MEGAQEAQGD, IC₅₀值为15.9 μmol/L. 采用逐步缩合和片段缩合的方法对该抑制肽进行了设计合成. 合成肽的纯度为99.72%, 分子量与序列结构均与理论值相符. 研究发现, 抑制肽与胃蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶水解反应后, 活性增强了3.5倍. 动物实验结果表明, 剂量为3 μmol/kg的抑制肽对大鼠自发性高血压具有明显的降压效果.     

疑似蛇毒液样品的纳升级超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析鉴定

针对5个疑似蛇毒毒液及其沾染样品,基于纳升级超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（Nano LC-MS/HRMS）技术,结合尺寸排阻色谱分离,建立了一种蛋白质种类及物种归属的严格鉴定方法。5个样品经尺寸排阻色谱分离后均得到3个洗脱峰,分别冻干后以胰蛋白酶进行溶液内酶解处理并进行液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析鉴定。首先采用全扫描-数据依赖型MS/MS（Full MS/dd MS²）采集模式对样品中的肽段信息进行非靶向采集,依次与Swiss-Prot、蛇亚目（Serpentes）、游蛇科（Colubroidea）、眼镜蛇科（Elapidae）、眼镜蛇亚科（Elapinae）、眼镜蛇属（Naja）蛋白质数据库逐级收缩比对;再筛选符合肽谱匹配度、肽段错误发现率小于1%和特征肽段数目大于等于2的蛋白质,共鉴定到32种蛋白质均来自中华眼镜蛇（Naja atra）,可归属于Naja atra的10个家族,主要为三指毒素、金属蛋白酶、磷脂酶A2等。最后,采用平行反应监测模式选取每种蛋白质的两条特征肽段进行靶向验证,当两条特征肽段均满足“至少75%的y⁺和b⁺离子的Δm/z小于5 ppm”时,方认为鉴定到了样品中的某一蛋白质。最终鉴定出5个样品均含有Naja atra蛇毒。此鉴定方法研究系统、严格,可为蛇毒中毒司法鉴定以及毒药物研究等提供有效的技术支持。     

类蛋白反应修饰海地瓜酶解物及ACE抑制肽的制备

采用类蛋白反应修饰海地瓜体壁蛋白酶解物,制得修饰肽的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制活性与原酶解液的活性相比显著提高;模拟消化实验结果表明,修饰肽与胃肠蛋白酶作用后可增强其降压活性;细胞毒性实验结果表明,样品浓度在低于10 mg/mL时对犬肾细胞(MDCK)无毒性,且低浓度可以促进细胞生长.采用超滤、Sephadex G-15凝胶柱层析和RP-HPLC等分离技术纯化修饰产物,得到高活性ACE抑制肽(IC50值为3.67μmol/L),序列结构为NQNFVQYTTNT.紫外光谱分析结果表明,修饰肽与ACE结合可引起吸光度变化.用SYBYL软件对抑制肽与ACE活性位点进行模拟对接,发现该抑制肽能与ACE很好地结合.     

基于超滤离心前处理的液相色谱-串联质谱法手性拆分人血浆中的亚叶酸和5-甲基四氢叶酸非对映异构体及其药代动力学应用

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时测定人血浆中的亚叶酸和5-甲基四氢叶酸两对非对映异构体的方法。血浆经蛋白质沉淀-超滤离心处理后,以甲氨蝶呤为内标,乙腈-10 mmol/L pH 8.0醋酸铵为流动相,通过手性HSA色谱柱（150 mm×4 mm,5 μm）进行梯度洗脱。亚叶酸非对映异构体在25~5000 μg/L范围内、5-甲基四氢叶酸非对映异构体在12.5~2500 μg/L范围内,线性关系均良好。本方法在灵敏度、精密度、准确度、基质效应、提取回收率、稳定性等方面均得到充分验证,并成功应用于125 mg/m²亚叶酸和62.5 mg/m²左旋亚叶酸的药代动力学研究。结果显示：在125 mg/m²亚叶酸剂量组,左亚叶酸和左旋-5-甲基四氢叶酸的血浆峰浓度（C_max）为（3137.917±408.837）和（1679.633±244.132）μg/L,从时间点0到最后可定量时间点的药物代谢动力学时间曲线下面积（AUC_0-t）为（7504.883±1185.101）和（14001.214±2868.949）μg/L;在62.5 mg/m²左亚叶酸剂量组,左亚叶酸和左旋-5-甲基四氢叶酸的C_max为（3187.917±387.298）和（1739.204±224.755）μg/L,AUC_0-t为（7426.664±854.825）和（14884.331±1843.353）μg/L。两剂量组主要药物代谢动力学参数均无显著差异,特征一致,吸收的速度和程度一致,能够为后期进行左亚叶酸钠生物等效性研究提供技术支持。     

新型喹唑啉衍生物的设计、合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

为了寻找高效、毒性小的抗肿瘤药物,设计并合成了一系列新型的喹唑啉衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 IR、 MS（ESI）和元素分析表征。采用细胞增殖抑制实验法（MTT法）测定了化合物3a～10c对人盲肠腺癌细胞（HCT-8）、人肝癌细胞（HepG2）、人肺癌细胞（A549） 和人高转移性肝癌细胞（MHCC-97H）的体外抑制活性。结果表明：4-位为氨基苯甲基丙二酸二甲酯时（3a~6c）,化合物的肿瘤抑制作用比其相应水解产物（7a~10c）更强;氨基在苯甲基丙二酸二甲酯间位时,抑制活性明显优于对位取代。其中,5c对HCT-8、 A549及MHCC-97H的抑制活性较显著,IC₅₀值分别为13.613 μmol/L, 13.578 μmol/L和25.804 μmol/L。      

新型氨基嘧啶环戊并[b]吲哚衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

3-吲哚丙酸为原料，经环化、N-甲基化、Claisen-Schmidt缩合、环加成反应得到新型氨基嘧啶环戊并[b]吲哚衍生物。经¹HNMR、¹³CNMR以及HR-MS（ESI）表征。采用细胞增殖抑制实验法（MTT法）测定6a~6j对人肝癌（HepG-2）、人子宫颈癌（Hela）和人鼻咽癌（CNE-1）瘤株的体外抑制活性。6b对这些肿瘤细胞的抑制活性最好，其IC50值分别为大于50 μmol/L（HepG-2）、15.2 μmol/L（Hela）和14.8 μmol/L（CNE-1），但均弱于顺铂。      

伊马替尼衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以4-硝基-2-氨基甲苯为起始原料,经加成、缩合、环化和还原反应制得中间体N-(2-甲基-5-氨基苯基)-4-(3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-胺(4),再与取代酰氯反应,合成了7个新型伊马替尼衍生物（5a~5g）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS 表征。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法考察了5对人肝癌细胞(HepG₂)、子宫颈癌细胞（Hela）、肺癌细胞（H460）和乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）体外抑制活性。结果显示：5e体外抑制活性最优,其IC₅₀分别为10.90±1.00 μmol·L^-1; 8.51±0.90 μmol·L^-1; 13.15±1.11 μmol·L^-1; 14.75±0.78 μmol·L^-1。     

快速高分离度液相色谱-质谱联用方法筛选Tau蛋白激酶2抑制剂

建立了测定Tau 蛋白激酶2(Tau protein kinase 2, TPK2)催化反应产物磷酸化十肽(PKpTPKKAKKL)的快速高分离度液相色谱-质谱方法(RRLC/MS)用于筛选TPK2抑制剂. 反应溶液总体积为50 μL, 将终浓度为20 nmol/L的TPK2与终浓度为5 μmol/L的底物十肽(PKTPKKAKKL)于30 ℃反应30 min, 用等体积乙腈终止反应并加入终浓度为1 μmol/L的磷酸化十肽(PKpTPKKAKKV)作为内标, 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈色谱柱, 以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱分离后, 用RRLC/MS进行定性及定量分析. 该方法可通过精确定量一定时间内的酶促反应产物来反映酶活性被抑制的程度, 作为TPK2抑制剂的筛选方法, 本方法具有简单、 灵敏、 快速的优点, 能够避免光谱法筛选可能产生的假阳性结果, 可用于TPK2的先导化合物的高通量筛选.     

血红蛋白片段的合成及生物活性

采用多肽固相合成方法, 以Wang 树脂为载体, Fmoc为N-端氨基酸保护基, HOBt-HBTU为缩合试剂, 合成了一系列血红蛋白α链的片段, 产物经RP-HPLC和质谱进行了确定. 生物活性研究结果表明, 该系列多肽具有较高的血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶抑制活性, 但不具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性.     

Development of bis-thiobarbiturates as successful urease inhibitors and their molecular modeling studies

Bis-thiobarbiturate derivatives 1–15 have been synthesized, characterized by1 HNMR and EI-MS and screened for urease inhibition. All compounds showed various degree of urease inhibitory activity with IC_(50) values ranging 7.45 0.12 74.24 0.81 mmol/L while the standard thiourea behaved normally(IC_(50) = 21.10 0.12). Compounds 1(IC_(50) = 7.45 0.12 μmol/L), 9(IC_(50) = 18.17 1.03 μmol/L) and 13(IC_(50) = 8.61 0.45 μmol/L) showed excellent urease inhibitory activity in the series. Molecular modeling studies were performed to understand the binding site with the bimetallic nickel center of the enzyme.Structure-activity relationship has also been established for these compounds. This study identified bisthiobarbiturate as a novel class of urease inhibitors.     

Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Peptides Activity with Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

A rapid, simple and interference-free method was developed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of hydro-lyzed peptides from egg white protein against the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The total reaction volume was 60 μL, saving the cost. The assay was based on a HPLC separation and quantification of the synthetic substrate hip-puryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine and its hydrolyzed product―hippuric acid; the separation was performed on a C 18 column eluted by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water(0.5% TFA) at a volume ratio of 25:75. At a signal to noise ratio(S/N) of 10, the detective limit of the quantitation of hippuric acid was (0.4600±0.0097) μmol/L. The standard curve shows a linear response with a slope of 49488 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The assay was adequate for the study of ACE inhibition by Captopril and peptides derived from food protein, and showed a very good correlation with the previous methods.     

Design,synthesis and MAO inhibitory activity of 2-(arylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-one derivatives

A series of 2-(arylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-one derivatives(aurones, 1–20) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activity against h MAO. Seventeen compounds(1–5, 7–17,19) were found to be selective towards h MAO-B, while two were non-selective(6 and 20) and one(18)selective towards h MAO-A. Compound 17(Ki = 0.10 0.01 mmol/L) was found to be equally potent and selective towards h MAO-B, when compared with the standard drug Selegiline(Ki = 0.12 0.01 mmol/L).Nature and position of substitution in aryl ring at 2nd position of benzofuranone influences h MAO-B inhibitory potency, while their structural bulkiness influences selectivity between h MAO-A and h MAO-B.Molecular docking simulation was also carried out to understand the interaction of inhibitor with the enzyme at molecular level, and we found the docking results were in good agreement with the experimental values. Comparison of the activity profile of the aurones with their corresponding flavones reported earlier by our group revealed that there exists no difference in potency as well as selectivity.     

Synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of chrysin,diosmetin, apigenin,and luteolin derivatives

Several derivatives have been synthesized from chrysin, diosmetin, apigenin, and luteolin, which were isolated from diverse natural plants. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of these compounds was evaluated. The glucosidase inhibitory activity of all derivatives （IC50 〈 24.396 μmol]L） was higher compared with that of the reference drug, acarbose （IC50=563.601 ±40.492μmol/L）, and 1- deoxynojirimycin （IC50 = 226.912± 12.573 μmol/L）. O3＇,O7-Hexyl diosmetin （IC50 = 2.406 ± 0.101μmol/L） was the most potent inhibitor identified. These compounds showed a higher inhibitory ability compared with their precursors except the luteolin derivatives. In general, the inhibitory activity of the synthetic derivatives was enhanced with long alkyl chains at positions 3＇, 4＇ and 7 of the flavonoid.     

Microwave-assisted Solid-phase Synthesis,Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Short peptides based on the tripeptides, Leu-Arg-Pro and Leu-Lys-Pro, were synthesized by microwaveassisted solid-phase synthesis method, in order to make a search for potential inhibitors for angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) with minimum side effects in the treatment of hypertension. One peptide with the sequence Leu-Arg-Pro-Phe-Phe shows the strongest inhibition towards ACE with an IC50 value of 0.26 μmol/L in vitro. The study of structure-activity relationship shows that the introduction of a bulky group into the N-terminal of this series of inhibitors may enlarge steric hindrance, resulting in the poor inhibitory activity towards ACE. The inhibitory activity decreased in turn when L-Pro, D-Pro or Ac6c was at the C-terminal respectively. The binding interaction between each of these inhibitors and testicular ACE(tACE) was performed by molecular docking. The results suggest that Leu-Arg-Pro-Phe-Phe mainly occupied the S1 subsite of tACE, and made contact with tACE via seven H-bonds. It appeared that the site on the peptide that bound with tACE was influenced by the configuration of the amino acid, L- or D-form, at the C-terminal of the peptide.     

新型亲和去垢小柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法分析水稻叶片蛋白质组

采用亲和去垢小柱净化,建立了水稻叶片蛋白质组的纳升液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。水稻叶片蛋白质分别采用酚提取法结合十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)裂解,裂解液经亲和去垢小柱净化,酶解肽段用纳升液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱(nanoLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)分析,相关数据库检索鉴定。比较了超滤辅助样品制备法(FASP法)、亲和去垢小柱法和丙酮沉淀法对SDS去除效率及对蛋白质鉴定结果的影响。结果表明:3种方法均有较好的SDS去除效果(去除效率均大于95%);尽管3种方法鉴定的蛋白质种类具有一定的互补性,但以亲和去垢小柱法鉴定的蛋白质数目最多,为563种,远多于FASP法和丙酮沉淀法的196和306种;此外,亲和去垢小柱法适合于各种相对分子质量和不同pI值蛋白质的净化,而FASP法和丙酮沉淀法中不同相对分子质量和pI值蛋白质均有类似程度的损失。采用本文建立的方法,一次进样分析可鉴定出水稻叶片蛋白质多达588种;肽段匹配数≥2的296个蛋白质的生物学功能主要分为结合活性、酶活性、转移运输活性和结构组成等。该蛋白质分析方法可为开展水稻蛋白质组学研究提供技术参考。     

17400鲨鱼软骨血管生成抑制因子的纯化及生物学活性研究

采用盐酸胍抽提、膜超滤、丙酮分级沉淀、Sephadex-75柱层析和C₄反相高效液相色谱等分离步骤,从广东阳江鲨鱼软骨中纯化获得新的鲨鱼软骨血管生成抑制因子SCAI-c(SharkCartilageAngiogenesis In-hibitor-c,SCAI-c);SDS-PAGE电泳银染显示为一条带,根据蛋白质的相对迁移率计算,分子量为17400;它对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管的形成具有显著抑制效应,并有明显的浓度依赖关系.SCAI-c与SCAI-a具有类似的生物学特征.     

Identification,Characterization and Antihypertensive Effect In Vivo of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Heptapeptide from Defatted Areca Nut Kernel Globulin Hydrolysates

The areca (Areca catechu L.) nut kernel (ANK) is a good potential protein source for its high protein content of 9.89–14.62 g/100 g and a high yield of around 300,000 tons per year in China. However, utilization of the areca nut kernel is limited. To expand the usage of ANK in pharmaceutical or foods industries, areca nut kernel globulin was extracted and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition peptides were prepared and identified using gel chromatography, reversed phase HPLC separation, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and in silico screening. Finally, a novel ACE-inhibitory heptapeptide (Ala–Pro–Lys–Ile–Glu–Glu–Val) was identified and chemically synthesized. The combination pattern between APKIEEV and ACE, and the inhibition kinetics, antihypertensive effect and endothlein-1 inhibition activity of APKIEEV were studied. The results of the molecular docking demonstrated that APKIEEV could bind to four active sites (not the key active sites) of ACE via short hydrogen bonds and demonstrated high ACE-inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 550.41 μmol/L). Moreover, APKIEEV exhibited a significantly lowering effect on both the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats, and had considerable suppression ability on intracellular endothelin-1. These results highlight the potential usage of APKIEEV as ingredients of antihypertensive drugs or functional foods.