碳纳米管负载Ni2P作为染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的性能研究

本文以碳纳米管(CNTs)与Ni2P纳米晶制备CNTs-Ni2P复合材料,首次研究其染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的光阴极材料性能.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测定材料结构,观察材料形貌.结果表明,复合材料由碳纳米管和六方结构的磷化镍构成,无其它磷化物杂相,磷化镍纳米晶(约10 nm)分散于CNTs表面.交流阻抗(EIS)测试显示,与CNTs和Ni2P对电极相比,CNTs-Ni2P对电极的电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗较低,接近Pt-FTO对电极水平.CNTs-Ni2P对电极的DSSCs光电流达12.9 mA·cm-2,能量转化效率达5.6%,接近Pt-FTO对电极的DSSCs能量转化效率(5.9%).这归因于高电催化活性的磷化镍纳米晶与高电导CNTs的协同效应.     

A Graphene Composite Material with Single Cobalt Active Sites: A Highly Efficient Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

The design of catalysts that are both highly active and stable is always challenging. Herein, we report that the incorporation of single metal active sites attached to the nitrogen atoms in the basal plane of graphene leads to composite materials with superior activity and stability when used as counter electrodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A series of composite materials based on different metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) were synthesized and characterized. Electrochemical measurements revealed that CoN₄/GN is a highly active and stable counter electrode for the interconversion of the redox couple I^?/I₃^?. DFT calculations revealed that the superior properties of CoN₄/GN are due to the appropriate adsorption energy of iodine on the confined Co sites, leading to a good balance between adsorption and desorption processes. Its superior electrochemical performance was further confirmed by fabricating DSSCs with CoN₄ /GN electrodes, which displayed a better power conversion efficiency than the Pt counterpart.     

聚吡咯/石墨复合对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

通过化学氧化法制备了聚吡咯纳米粒子, 并将其与石墨共混旋涂于ITO导电玻璃上, 作为染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极. 通过SEM观察到聚吡咯纳米粒子粒径在80～100 nm之间, 循环伏安测试表明聚吡咯电极对I₂/I^－电解质氧化还原体系具有较好的催化能力. 光伏电池的电化学交流阻抗测试结果说明掺入石墨后可有效降低聚吡咯对电极的电荷转移阻抗. 以钌染料N719为光敏剂, 聚吡咯/石墨复合电极为对电极组装成的染料敏化太阳能电池, 在AM 1.5 (100 mW•cm^－2) 的模拟太阳光照射下, 得到6.01%的光电转换效率, 达到相同条件下铂对电极性能的92%.     

Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池光伏性能的影响

采用静电纺丝技术和水热法合成了负载于碳纳米纤维表面的碳包覆Ni3S4纳米颗粒(Ni3S4@C/CNFs),利用喷涂法制备膜厚分别为2、4、6、7、8、9、10μm的Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极。应用到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中,探究Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极的膜厚对于DSSCs光伏性能的影响。最终得出当Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极膜厚为9μm时,DSSCs可以获得最高的光电转换效率(PCE)8.45%,也证明了对电极存在一个最佳膜厚,使DSSCs获得最优的光伏性能。     

金属-有机框架薄膜衍生的CoSe2/N共掺杂碳膜作DSSC对电极

针对粉体MOF衍生材料存在制备工艺复杂、薄膜厚度难以控制等问题,我们通过液相外延分步生长法制备了一种金属有机框架薄膜(PIZA-1),然后以其作牺牲模板,在惰性氛围中制备了一种CoSe_2和N共掺杂的碳膜(CoSe_2/N-CF),并用作DSSC对电极,其具有制备简单、粘结力强、厚度可调等优势。系统表征了CoSe_2/N-CF形貌特点、结构性质及电化学性能,并深入研究了不同厚度薄膜、CoSe_2颗粒大小对DSSC的光伏性能的影响。结果表明,CoSe_2/N-CF-15电极具有优异的催化活性,所组装的DSSC获得了8.68%的光电转化效率(PCE),高于相同条件下Pt电极组装电池的PCE(7.97%)。     

SO4-和I-共掺杂的聚苯胺对电极在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用循环伏安法(CV)在掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃上, 成功聚合了SO₄^-和I^-共掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)对电极. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)吸收光谱、CV和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法详细研究了I^-作为第二种掺杂离子及LiI掺杂浓度对所制备的PANI对电极的表面形貌, 结构和对I^-/氧化还原电对的催化活性的影响. SEM结果显示在聚合电解液中引入LiI改变了所制备的PANI对电极的形貌, 可提供更多的催化反应活性位点, 同时还改善了薄膜的孔隙性. 值得注意的是, 引入I^-共掺杂可在一定程度上使3I^-↔ +2e^-反应在相应的PANI电极上更容易进行. 在反应体系中 LiI浓度为0.02 mol·L^-1时得到的PANI对电极, 组装成电池时获得的电池效率最高可达6.52%, 相当于Pt对电极6.95%的93.8%, 比基于只掺杂 的PANI对电极的光电转换效率提高了16%, 说明 和I^-共掺杂的PANI对电极可以提高相应染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换性能, 有望在未来成为Pt对电极的替代材料.     

双面进光太阳能电池透明对电极研究进展

近年来,太阳能电池（包括染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池）因其成本低、质量轻、效率高受到研究人员的广泛关注.双面进光太阳能电池是太阳光能通过光阳极以及透明对电极同时入射的器件,是近年来扩宽太阳能电池光利用率及能效以达到提高器件光电性能的主要手段,其中透明对电极的性能直接影响器件的背面进光效率,因此研究对电极对提高双面进光太阳能电池光电转化效率十分必要.本文针对传统对电极透光性低,成本高,光利用率低等问题,与双面进光的高光电转换效率以及低成本等特点对比,综合分析了透明对电极材料的选择及界面修饰改性等对双面进光染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响及其应用前景.     

氮掺杂多孔碳负载铁单原子对电极的膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

利用分子笼封装前驱体而后热解的策略,制备了具有高催化活性的氮掺杂多孔碳(NPC)负载孤立的单个Fe原子(Fe-ISAs/NPC)电催化剂,并作为对电极用于染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs).通过电化学测试研究了Fe-ISAs/NPC对电极的膜厚对DSSCs光电性能的影...     

An Interconnected Ternary MIn2S4 (M=Fe,Co, Ni) Thiospinel Nanosheet Array: A Type of Efficient Platinum-Free Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The ternary iron-group thiospinels of metal diindium sulfides (MIn₂S₄, M=Fe, Co, Ni) with a vertically aligned nanosheet array structure are fabricated through an in situ solvothermal method on F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, which are employed as one type of platinum (Pt)-free counter electrodes (CEs) in structure-dependent dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A DSSC assembled with ternary CoIn₂S₄ CE achieves an photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.83 %, outperforming than that of FeIn₂S₄ (7.18 %) and NiIn₂S₄ (8.27 %) CEs under full sunlight illumination (100 mW cm⁻², AM 1.5 G), which is also comparable with that of the Pt CE (8.19 %). Putting aside that the interconnected nanosheet array provides fast electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion channels, the highest PCE of CoIn₂S₄ based DSSC results from its largest specific surface area (144.07 m² g⁻¹), providing abundant active sites and the largest electron injection efficiency from CE to electrolyte.     

ZnFe2O4/CNFs钛网基对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

通过静电纺丝和简单的一步水热法合成了碳纳米纤维（CNFs）负载的ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒（ZnFe₂O₄/CNFs）,并将其刮涂在钛网基底上作为染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）的对电极进行组装测试,电池表现出优异的电化学性能。我们着重研究了不同膜厚对电极对DSSCs光电性能的影响。经过反复测试结果表明,当ZnFe₂O₄/CNFs复合电极材料膜厚为12 μm时存在最高的光电转换效率8.60%。     

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of a Porous g‐C3N4/Graphene Composite as a Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A porous graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄)/graphene composite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and explored as the counter electrode of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The obtained g‐C₃N₄/graphene composite was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that incorporating graphene nanosheets into g‐C₃N₄ forms a three‐dimensional architecture with a high surface area, porous structure, efficient electron‐transport network, and fast charge‐transfer kinetics at the g‐C₃N₄/graphene interfaces. These properties result in more electrocatalytic active sites and facilitate electrolyte diffusion and electron transport in the porous framework. As a result, the as‐prepared porous g‐C₃N₄/graphene composite exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity. In I^?/I₃^? redox electrolyte, the charge‐transfer resistance of the porous g‐C₃N₄/graphene composite electrode is 1.8 Ω cm², which is much lower than those of individual g‐C₃N₄ (70.1 Ω cm²) and graphene (32.4 Ω cm²) electrodes. This enhanced electrocatalytic performance is beneficial for improving the photovoltaic performance of DSCs. By employing the porous g‐C₃N₄/graphene composite as the counter electrode, the DSC achieves a conversion efficiency of 7.13 %. This efficiency is comparable to 7.37 % for a cell with a platinum counter electrode.     

染料敏化太阳电池电解质

染料敏化太阳电池是新一代的太阳电池,有着巨大的应用前景。其中电解质体系是电池组成的主要部分,对电池的性能有着重要的影响。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳电池的基本原理,详细评述了近几年国内外学者对染料敏化太阳电池用电解质体系的研究进展情况,根据电解质的存在状态将其分为液态、准固态和固态三大类并逐一进行介绍,最后对该领域的前景进行了展望。     

锌卟啉自组装在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

制备了2种锌卟啉天线分子P2与P3,并通过自组装的方法成功地将这些天线分子应用到了染料敏化太阳能电池之中。与传统的D-π-A结构的染料相比,这种策略显示出了明显的优势：可以避免复杂的合成步骤,还可以通过调节天线分子和锚固基团的结构去改善染料的光子捕获能力并减少电荷复合行为。当4-吡啶-4-基苯甲酸（A）作为锚固基团时,经过分子自组装之后,基于A-P2的电池器件显示出了1.68%的转换效率,开路电压为526 mV,短路电流密度为5.39 mA·cm^-2,这充分说明了自组装策略在染料敏化太阳能电池中得到了很好的应用。而基于A-P3的电池器件能量转换效率只有0.79%,这可能主要是因为天线分子P3较大的位阻减小了染料吸附量的原因造成的。我们另外也测试比较了它们在光学、电化学、光伏性能等方面的差异。     

CoSe/TiN同轴纳米管阵列在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用研究

以钛网作为基底,采用阳极氧化、氨气氮化的方法制备了TiN纳米管,随后电沉积CoSe,制备了CoSe/TiN/Ti同轴纳米管阵列电极。循环伏安结果表明,CoSe/TiN/Ti电极对I-3具有高的电催化还原性能,这归因于高催化活性的CoSe和高导电的TiN的协同效应。以CoSe/TiN/Ti电极作为对电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的能量转换效率高达9.25%,比传统Pt/FTO对电极组装的电池(8.09%)高1%。这一结果为非Pt对电极纳米结构的设计提供了一个很好的思路。     

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极

对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,改进对电极是提高其能量转换效率及降低成本的有效手段之一.本文重点综述了2008年以来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究成果,详细介绍了各类对电极包括金属Pt、Au、Ni,纳米炭材料和导电聚合物等对电极的优点和制备工艺.Pt对电极性能最好,但是高成本限制了它在染料敏化太阳能电池产业化中的应用;新型的价格低廉、活性较高的纳米炭材料和导电聚合物及其复合材料等对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池的研究中逐渐引起人们的重视.     

Recent Advances on Pt-Free Electro-Catalysts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Since Prof. Grätzel and co-workers achieved breakthrough progress on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in 1991, DSSCs have been extensively investigated and wildly developed as a potential renewable power source in the last two decades due to their low cost, low energy-intensive processing, and high roll-to-roll compatibility. During this period, the highest efficiency recorded for DSSC under ideal solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm⁻²) has increased from ~7% to ~14.3%. For the practical use of solar cells, the performance of photovoltaic devices in several conditions with weak light irradiation (e.g., indoor) or various light incident angles are also an important item. Accordingly, DSSCs exhibit high competitiveness in solar cell markets because their performances are less affected by the light intensity and are less sensitive to the light incident angle. However, the most used catalyst in the counter electrode (CE) of a typical DSSC is platinum (Pt), which is an expensive noble metal and is rare on earth. To further reduce the cost of the fabrication of DSSCs on the industrial scale, it is better to develop Pt-free electro-catalysts for the CEs of DSSCs, such as transition metallic compounds, conducting polymers, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. In this article, we will provide a short review on the Pt-free electro-catalyst CEs of DSSCs with superior cell compared to Pt CEs; additionally, those selected reports were published within the past 5 years.     

两种锌卟啉聚合物自组装染料敏化太阳能电池

合成了2种新型锌卟啉并与金属Mn构建配位聚合物(CPsx,x=1,2)。2种配位聚合物与锚定卟啉(ZnPA)通过金属-配体轴向配位自组装染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)。测试结果表明自组装电池具有较好的光电转换效率,特别是基于CPs2的装置具有较高的短路电流和转换效率。我们还对其光学、电化学及光电性能进行了研究,并通过透射电镜(TEM)对自组装体有效敏化在TiO_2电极上进行验证。     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO_2光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率(30%),引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池(p型和p-n型叠层器件)的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。