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直接甲醇燃料电池作为未来清洁的动力能源,由于具有下列优点:操作温度低(<100℃)、燃料易储存和运输、能量效率高、污染低和燃料启动快而受到人们广泛的关注。阳极电催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池最重要的组成部分。本文综述了近三年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂最新的研究进展,主要对催化剂制备方法、新型碳载体材料、催化剂类型作了详细的评述,展望了未来甲醇电催化氧化催化剂的发展,指出了电催化剂面临的问题。 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于其结构简单、能量密度高、易携带、无污染等优点,成为燃料电池未来发展的方向。阳极和阴极催化剂的活性和稳定性是决定DMFC性能、寿命和成本的关键。然而,商业催化剂铂(Pt)的低储量和高成本限制了DMFC的广泛应用,同时,非铂类催化剂的活性和稳定性还需要进一步提高,以达到商业化应用的要求。本文综述了近年来国内外DMFC阳极和阴极催化剂的最新研究进展。首先,对于阳极甲醇氧化催化剂,分别对Pt基催化剂的改性和非Pt类催化剂的研究进展进行了详细介绍;其次,概述了Pt基阴极氧还原催化剂的改性和非Pt阴极催化剂的发展现状;此外,对于催化剂与载体的强相互作用产生的协同效应进行了总结论述;最后,对直接甲醇燃料电池阳极和阴极催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池电催化剂载体碳纳米带的合成与表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以间苯二酚和甲醛为碳前体,合成了一种新型碳纳米材料碳纳米带(CNRs), 并采用透射电镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)及氮气吸附/脱附测试对CNRs进行了结构表征. 结果表明,所合成的CNRs具有很高的石墨化程度及较规则的带状结构,带宽约为8~20 nm, BET比表面积为283 m2/g, 氮气等温线为type-Ⅳ型,表明CNRs为中孔结构,平均孔径约为8.2 nm. 以CNRs为载体通过多元醇法制备了45%PtRu/CNRs电催化剂,该催化剂与以Vulcan XC-72R为载体的PtRu电催化剂相比,直接甲醇燃料电池单池性能得到明显提高. 相似文献
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《Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)》2018,18(9):1365-1372
Fuel cells have attracted more attentions due to many advantages they can provide, including high energy efficiency and low environmental burden. To form a stable, low cost and efficient catalyst, we presented here the state of the art of electrocatalyst fabrication approaches, involving carbon nanotubes and their multifunctional nanocomposites incorporated with noble metals, such as Pt, Pd, Au, their binary and ternary systems. Both fuel oxidation reactions and oxygen reduction reactions were emphasized with comprehensive examples and future prospects. 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂PtRu/C的制备和表征 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:22
用三种方法制备了PtRu/C[Pt和Ru质量分数分别为20%和10%,记为PtRu/C(20%-10%)]甲醇阳极催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)考察了PtRu/C催化剂的粒子大小和晶格参数的变化,利用单电池实验考察了催化剂在直接甲醇燃料电池中的催化活性.结果表明,改变溶剂的组成提高了贵金属在活性炭表面的分散度,并改善了PtRu间的相互作用,用乙二醇/水/异丙醇混合溶剂制备的PtRu催化剂金属颗粒较小,PtRu间的相互作用较强,以该催化剂作甲醇阳极的直接甲醇燃料电池的性能较好. 相似文献
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Fei Ye Shengzhou Chen Xinfa Dong Weiming Lin 《天然气化学杂志》2007,16(2):162-166
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported Pt-Ru and Pt-Ru-Ni catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction of metal precursors with sodium borohydride at room temperature. The crystallographic properties and composition of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and the catalytic activity and stability for methanol electro-oxidation were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetries (LSV), and chronoamperometry (CA). The results show that the catalysts exhibit face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The particle size of Pt-Ru-Ni/CNTs catalyst is about 4.8 nm. The catalytic activity and stability of the Pt-Ru-Ni/CNTs catalyst are higher than those of Pt-Ru/CNTs catalyst. 相似文献
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Guohong Ren Zhicheng Zhang Yajun Liu Ying Liang Xichen Zhang Shishan Wu Jian Shen 《化学:亚洲杂志》2020,15(1):98-105
Multicomponent Pt‐based nanowires (NWs) have attracted widespread attention as eletrocatalysts toward direct alcohol fuel cells because of their unique one‐dimensional structure and high reaction dynamics. Quaternary PtPdAuTe NWs are designed via a facile template method, and NWs with a different composition are obtained by adjusting the feed ratio of metal precursors. The direct displacement reaction of metal precursors with Te NWs and the partial oxidation of Te lead to the formation of quaternary NWs. The rough surface and abundant reactive sites deriving from the rearrangement of metal atoms on the Te NWs surface endow the PtPdAuTe NWs with a superior electrocatalytic property and durability for methanol oxidation. The Pt20Pd20Au10Te50 NWs display the largest mass activity and best stability among all catalysts. The preparation of PtPdAuTe NWs could provide a viable strategy for the preparation of other multicomponent NWs. 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池催化活性层的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文考察了直接甲醇燃料电池 (DMFC)不同催化剂载量的膜电极性能 .对催化剂层中Nafion含量进行优化 ,研究了Nafion含量对电池的阻抗的影响 .实验发现 :DMFC适宜的阳极Pt_Ru/C载量为Pt 4mg/cm2 、Nafion质量百分含量为 2 1.4 % ;高电流密度下 ,阴极Pt/C载量为Pt4mg/cm2 、Nafion质量百分含量为 2 1.4 %时 ,有较好的放电性能 ,继续增加Nafion含量 ,阴极的欧姆极化和浓差极化增大 ,电池性能下降 相似文献
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钙钛矿型固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)作为一种高效、洁净的化学电源已经受到各国的重视.钙钛矿型复合氧化物由于其较高的混合导电性和对燃料气较好的催化活性及超强抗积碳能力而越来越被广泛地应用于直接烃类SOFCs的阳极材料中.本文对钙钛矿型固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料的最新研究进展进行了较为全面的综述,从阳极的设计要求出发,着重比较了LaCrO3系列、SrTiO3系列和双钙钛矿等阳极材料的稳定性、电导率以及电催化活性,指出了其不足,并对其应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池新型聚合物膜的研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
通过溶液共混方法 ,制备了聚偏氟乙烯与聚苯乙烯磺酸 (PVDF_PSSA)、聚偏氟乙烯与Nafion(PVDF_Nafion)两种共混膜 .研究了膜组成对膜电导率和甲醇透过率的影响 .与Nafion 1 1 7膜相比 ,PVDF_Nafion共混膜在Nafion含量为 2 5wt%时 ,电导率σ下降 2个数量级 ,而甲醇透过率P却降低 3个数量级 .若以 (σ/P)为综合指标 ,则PVDF_Nafion共混膜和PVDF_PSSA共混膜的综合性能分别比Nafion 1 1 7膜高约 4 0倍、1 6倍 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(12):2221-2228
In this paper we demonstrate the use of polyaniline/gold modified electrodes that are to be used as the anode for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The objective of this work was to enhance the performance and viability of DMFCs by developing a more efficient catalyst for the oxidation of methanol. Polyaniline films with angstrom scale atomic gold clusters were used as an electroactive catalyst. These gold clusters are significantly different than what is traditionally used as they are composed of only a handful of atoms (1–10 atoms) and have unique physical and chemical properties. The PANI/Au modified electrodes are a new and promising catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells and can replace existing commercial catalysts. In this study, we illustrate how atomic clusters of gold incorporated in the conducting polymer polyaniline enhanced the oxidation signal of methanol exhibited by cyclic voltammetry. 相似文献
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采用乙醇为助磨剂,利用球磨的方法将5-15μm长的多壁碳纳米管切短成长度约为200nm,并且分布较为均匀的短碳纳米管(SCNT).以SCNT为载体,采用有机溶胶法制得了含铂20%(w)的Pt/SCNT及PtRu/SCNT催化剂.实验发现:对于甲醇的阳极电氧化过程,以切短碳纳米管为载体的Pt/SCNT催化剂具有比相同条件制得的Pt/CNT催化剂高得多的催化活性,前者甲醇氧化峰电流密度是后者的1.4倍,并且远远高于商品的Pt/C催化剂.同时我们发现添加了钌的PtRu/SCNT具有比不含钌的催化剂更好的活性.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积分析(BET)等方法对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,切短碳纳米管的晶相结构并未改变,但Pt/SCNT和PtRu/SCNT催化剂的比表面积和电化学活性得到了显著的提高. 相似文献
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