Isomerization of light alkanes: preparation and characterization of platinum promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts

Summary Platinum-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts active in n-hexane isomerization were prepared in a one-step synthesis and characterized. The crystallinity and sulfur contents depend mainly on the calcination temperature. The stability of the sulphate in the presence of hydrogen is reduced by the presence of Pt.     

复合催化剂上CO2加氢合成C2烃类

介绍了由CO₂+H₂合成C2⁺烃的几种复合催化剂体系的研究进展，比较和评价了复合催化剂体系的活性和选择性及对C2⁺烃类生成的影响。着重于复合催化剂体系对C4⁺烃的生成及产物分布的影响并简述反应机理。     

Benefits of mesopores in sulfated zirconia catalyst

Activities of two catalysts obtained from hydroxide and alkoxide precursors were correlated to their different structural and textural properties. Activity is mainly determined by the presence of active tetragonal phase, which is more stable at high temperatures in the catalyst of alkoxide origin than in one from hydroxide. An appropriate structure must be accompanied with beneficial pore structure, as is the case of mesopores of the catalyst from alkoxide. In the case of very small pores of the catalyst from hydroxide precursor, activity is negligible due to pores plugged by coke.     

钙钛矿结构荧光材料MZrO3:Eu3+,A (M=Ca2+, Ba2+; A=Li+, Na+, K+)的制备及其发光性质

Calcium and barium zirconate powders based upon CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) were prepared by combustion synthesis method and heating to ~1000℃ to improve crystallinity.The structure and morphology of materials were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) perovskites possessed orthorhombic and cubic structures, respectively. The morphologies of all powderswere very similar consisting of small, coagulated, cubical particles with narrow size distributions andsmooth and regular surfaces. The characteristic luminescences of Eu³⁺ ions in CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) lattices were present with strong emissions at 614 and 625 nm for ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions with other weakeremissions observed at 575, 592, 655, and 701 nm corresponding to ⁵D₀→⁷F_n transitions (where n=0, 1, 3, 4 respectively). In BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ both the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions at 595 and 613 nm were strong.Photoluminescence intensities of CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ samples were higher than those of BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ lattices. Thisremarkable increase of photoluminescence intensity (corresponding to ⁵D₀→⁷F_n transitions) was observedin CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ if co-doped with Li⁺ ions. An additional broad band composed of manypeaks between 440 to 575 nm was observed in BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,,A samples. The intensity of this band wasgreatest in Li⁺ co-doped samples and lowest for K⁺ doped samples.     

An efficient synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives catalyzed by a solid superacid sulfated zirconia

2,3-Dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines are synthesized by the condensation of o-phenylendiamine and various ketones in the presence of a versatile solid superacid catalyst ‘sulfated zirconia’ under solvent free conditions.     

Pt/SO42??ZrO2: The state of platinum and its relation with catalytic activity inn-hexane isomerization

Pt/SO₄ ²⁻−ZrO₂ calcined at 873 K shows the same catalytic activity forn-hexane isomerization as the calcined and reduced sample. A platinum reduction peak did not appear in the TPR profile and the presence of Pt⁰ was detected by XPS on the only calcined Pt/SO₄ ²⁻−ZrO₂. Nevertheless, this calcined material does not show hydrogen chemisorption and cyclohexane dehydrogenation activity.     

1H MAS NMR characterization of hydrogen over silica-supported rhodium catalyst

Hydrogen species in both SiO₂ and Rh/SiO₂catalysts pretreated in different atmospheres (H₂, O₂, helium or air) at different temperatures (773 or 973 K) were investigated by means of¹H MAS NMR. In SiO₂ and O₂-pretreated catalysts, a series of downfield signals at ∼7.0, 3.8–4.0, 2.0 and 1.5–1.0 were detected. The first two signals can be attributed to strongly adsorbed and physisorbed water and the others to terminal silanol (SiOH) and SiOH under the screening of oxygen vacancies in SiO₂lattice, respectively. Besides the above signals, both upfield signal at ∼−110 and downfield signals at 3.0 and 0.0 were also detected in H₂-pretreated catalyst, respectively. The upfield signal at ∼−110 originated from the dissociative adsorption of H₂ over rhodium and was found to consist of both the contributions of reversible and irreversible hydrogen. There also probably existed another dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen over rhodium, which was known to be β hydrogen and in a unique form of “delocalized hydrogen”. It was presumed that the β hydrogen had an upfield shift of ca. −20–−50, though its¹H NMR signals, which, having been masked by the spinning sidebands of Si-OH, failed to be directly detected out. The downfield signal at 3.0 was assigned to spillover hydrogen weakly bound by the bridge oxygen of SiO₂. Another downfield signal at 0.0 was assigned to hydrogen held in the oxygen vacancies of SiO₂ (Si-H species), suffering from the screening of trapped electrons. Both the spillover hydrogen and the Si-H resulted from the migration of the reversible hydrogen and the β hydrogen from rhodium to SiO₂ in the close vicinity. It was proved that the above migration of hydrogen was preferred to occur at higher temperature than at lower temperature.     

淋巴细胞膜上Na+/Ca2+交换操纵的Eu3+内流的荧光法研究

利用Fura-2荧光浓度指示剂法、通过检测360nm激发荧光强度的变化,研究了Eu³⁺能否利用人外周血淋巴细胞膜上的Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换进入细胞。结果表明:用ouabain预处理细胞无Na⁺介质中测试,当加入Eu³⁺时,360nm荧光强度发生猝灭,且随着胞外加入的Eu³⁺浓度的增大而猝灭增强。表明在实验条件下Eu³⁺可以进入细胞。电压依赖性Ca     

Li+掺杂对TeO2:Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+纳米材料上转换发光的增强作用

采用水热法制备了发白光的Li+掺杂α-TeO2∶Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+和β-TeO2∶Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+纳米上转换发光材料。采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和上转换发光光谱对制备的TeO2∶Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+/Li+纳米材料进行表征,结果显示:Li+的掺入基本不改变纳米材料的晶型和结构;在980 nm近红外光的激发下,纳米材料发射出中心波长476 nm的蓝光,525 nm及545 nm的绿光和659 nm及675nm的红光,分别对应于Tm3+的1G4→3H6能级跃迁,Er3+的2H11/2→4I15/2和4S3/2→4I15/2能级跃迁,Er3+的4F9/2→4I15/2能级跃迁和Tm3+的3F2→3H6能级跃迁;Li+的掺入能够增大白光体系的发光强度,基本不改变纳米材料的白光颜色。此外,探讨了纳米材料的上转换发光机理。     

幻数团簇离子Mn+5

Magic number cluster ion Mn5+ and abundant Mn/O cluster ions havc been formed by 532nm laser ablation of MnCO3 solid sample with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy detection. The experimental results show that Mn5+ was formed in the cooler dilute tail region of the plume produced by laser ablation, while Mn/O cluster ions were mainly formed in the hotter dense preceding portion of the plume, they all were produced by postablation cluster growth in the ablation plume. Pentagonal with D(5h) symmetry is the possible structure of Mn5+, which is supported by our ab initio calculation.     

铜转运蛋白C端金属结合域与Ag+及Hg2+的相互作用

铜转运蛋白(CTR1)不仅参与铜的细胞摄取,而且在其它重金属离子的摄取过程中也发挥重要作用. 本文采用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱,核磁共振(NMR)和质谱(MS)的方法,研究了人源CTR1 (hCTR1)的C端金属结合域(C8)与Ag⁺和Hg²⁺的相互作用. 研究表明,Ag⁺和Hg²⁺都能与C8结合,但二者与C8的结合机制明显不同. 每个C8分子可以结合两个Ag⁺离子,但一个Hg²⁺却可以与两个C8形成桥联. 此外,Ag⁺离子与C8的配位是一个中等速度的交换过程,而Hg²⁺离子则为快速交换过程. C8的半胱氨酸残基是两种离子的重要结合位点,同时组氨酸残基也参与两种金属离子的配位,其中Ag⁺优先结合组氨酸,而Hg²⁺则对半胱氨酸的结合具有显著的优势. 虽然HCH基序对C8 与金属配位至关重要,一些远端的其它氨基酸也可以参与C8 与银离子的配位,这可能与CTR1 在摄取Ag⁺过程中的金属转移机制相关. 这些结果为理解hCTR1 蛋白摄取重金属离子的作用机制提供了必要的信息.     

K+掺杂双钙钛矿Cs2AgInCl6的发光性质

采用固相球磨法制备了K⁺掺杂双钙钛矿Cs₂AgInCl₆纳米材料,该方法无需配体辅助,绿色环保。通过X射线衍射谱和拉曼光谱对晶体结构进行研究,通过激发光谱、发射光谱和时间分辨光谱对其发光性能进行研究。结果表明,Cs₂AgInCl₆为立方晶体,属于Fm3m空间群,由于宇称禁戒跃迁,其荧光量子产率(PLQY)低,小于0.1%。低于60%的K⁺掺杂主要取代Ag⁺的位置,引起Cs₂AgInCl₆的晶格膨胀,消除了晶格结构的反演对称性,打破了宇称禁戒跃迁,掺杂后Cs₂AgInCl₆的光致发光强度显著增强。K⁺的最佳掺杂比例为40%,Cs₂Ag_0.6K_0.4InCl₆发出中心波长为640 nm,半高宽为180 nm,平均荧光寿命达到29.2 ns,PLQY达到10.5%。当K⁺掺杂比例超过60%,K⁺开始取代Cs⁺的位置,产物发生相变,出现立方相的Cs_2-xK_1+x-yAg_yInCl₆和单斜相的Cs_2-xK_1+xInCl₆产物,这些产物由于强电子-声子耦合,非辐射复合占据主导地位。     

吸附在Pt/C催化剂上Eu3+对CO电氧化的促进作用

目前影响质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)迅速发展并商业化的主要问题之一是阳极催化剂抗CO的毒化能力。Pt因其对氢的氧化具有高的催化活性而广泛地用作PEMFC的阳极催化剂，也有人研究将其它金属用于PEMFC阳极催化剂，但催化活性要比Pt低得多。而Pt作PEMFC的阳极催化剂一个问题是痕量的CO，如10-100ppm就可以使Pt催化剂中毒。     

CaWO4:xEu3+,ySm3+,zLi+红色荧光粉的制备及光学性能

采用微波固相法制备了CaWO₄：xEu³⁺,ySm³⁺,zLi⁺红色荧光粉。测量样品的XRD图、激发谱、发射谱及发光衰减曲线,研究并分析了Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺、Li⁺的掺杂浓度,对样品微结构、光致发光特性、能量传递及能级寿命的影响。结果表明,Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺、Li⁺掺杂并未引起合成粉体改变晶相,仍为CaWO₄单一四方晶系结构。Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺共掺样品中,Sm³⁺掺杂为3%时,Sm³⁺对Eu³⁺的能量传递最有效。Li⁺掺杂起到了助熔剂和敏化剂的作用,使样品发光更强。在394 nm激发下,与CaWO₄：3%Eu³⁺样品比较,3%Eu³⁺、3%Sm³⁺共掺CaWO₄及3%Eu³⁺、3%Sm³⁺、1%Li⁺共掺CaWO₄样品的发光分别增强2倍及2.4倍。同一激发波长下,单掺Eu³⁺样品寿命最短,Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺共掺样品随Sm³⁺浓度增加,寿命先减小后增加,且掺杂了Li⁺的样品比不掺Li⁺的样品⁵D₀能级寿命有所增加。     

AIDS病毒与CD4靶细胞检测方法的研究

本文对AIDS 病毒抗原及其靶细胞(CD⁺₄ ) 检测方法的研究进展作了较系统的评述。深入分析了gp 120、CD₄ 受体分子与小肽的相互作用。并给出了抗A IDS 病毒药物分析方法的最新研究动向。     

Ca2+-Mg2+-Zn2+体系在水溶性聚磷酸铵溶液中螯合规律的研究

近年来,水溶性聚磷酸铵在液体肥料和复合肥料的领域受到了广泛的关注,并在发达国家中得到了大面积的推广及应用。在pH值为5.5~8.0、温度为278.15 K~323.15 K的条件下,本文采用滴定法研究Ca_²⁺-Mg_²⁺-Zn_²⁺体系在聚磷酸铵溶液中的螯合规律。实验结果表明：相同质量分数的聚磷酸铵溶液对金属离子的螯合量会随着体系中Ca_²⁺、Mg_²⁺、Zn_²⁺的摩尔浓度的变化而变化;随着温度的升高而逐渐降低;随着pH的增加而逐渐增加;随着聚合度的升高而逐渐增加。采用傅里叶红外光谱对聚磷酸铵和A₁B₃C₃体系的螯合物进行表征。     

The influence of Na+ on neighbouring hydrogen bonds of aliphatic amino acid

Summary The influence of Na⁺ on hydrogen bonds of the OH O and NH O type between an aliphatic amino acid (glycine zwitterion) and water is investigated byab initio calculations with minimal Gaussian basis sets. Distortion of the hydration shell caused by Na⁺, and interaction energies contributing to the over-all stabilization are discussed.

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Der Einfluß von Na⁺ auf die benachbarten Wasserstoffbindungen in aliphatischen Aminosäuren

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Na⁺ auf die Wasserstoffbindungen vom OH O- und NH O-Typ in aliphatischen Aminosäuren (Glycin-Zwitterion) und Wasser wurde mittelsab initio Berechnungen mit einem minimalen Gausschen Basissatz untersucht. Die durch Na⁺-Ionen hervorgerufenen Verzerrungen der Hydratationsschale und die zur Gesamtstabilisierung beitragenden Wechselwir-kungsenergien werden diskutiert.

     

C2(X1Σg+)自由基与不饱和碳氢化合物反应的温度效应

运用脉冲激光光解-激光诱导荧光(PLP-LIF)的方法在293-573 K的温度范围内测量了C₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)自由基与不饱和碳氢化合物(C₂H₄和C₂H₂)气相反应的双分子反应速率常数. 获得的速率常数可以用Arrhenius 公式表达如下(单位: cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1): k(C₂H₄)=(1.16±0.10)×10^-10exp[(290.68±9.72)/T], k(C₂H₂)=(1.36±0.02)×10^-10exp[(263.85±7.60)/T], 误差为2σ. 由获得的双分子反应速率常数及其所呈现的负温度效应, 我们认为在293-573 K温度范围内C₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)自由基和不饱和碳氢化合物的反应遵循加成机理.     

Yb3+/Tm3+共掺杂的钨酸镉纳米晶发光性能的研究

本文采用水热法制备了稀土离子Yb3+/Tm3+共掺杂的钨酸镉纳米晶。运用X-射线粉末衍射、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜和光谱分析对制备的样品的结构和发光性能进行了表征。根据XRD图谱可知,钨酸镉为单斜晶系,晶粒平均尺寸在28 nm左右。从ESEM图片可明显看出,钨酸镉呈纳米棒结构,直径在30 nm左右,长径比在5~8之间。利用980 nm半导体激光器激发钨酸镉纳米晶得到样品的发射光谱,存在一个较强的蓝光发射,发光峰位于481 nm,对应于Tm3+的1G4→3H6能级的跃迁,分析了Tm3+/Yb3+离子共掺体系的发光机制。讨论了发光强度随稀土离子浓度的变化,当Tm3+离子的掺杂浓度在2mol%,Yb3+/Tm3+物质的量浓度比cTm3+/cYb3+=10时钨酸镉纳米晶的发光强度最强。根据泵浦功率与发光强度之间的关系,可知处于481 nm的蓝光发射属于三光子过程,由发光强度与掺杂浓度之间的双对数衰减曲线可知,引起蓝光发射源于Tm3+的电偶极跃迁。     

Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)双掺Li_2O-ZnO-SiO_2系透明玻璃陶瓷的制备及表征

采用熔融-晶化技术合成了Er3+-Yb3+掺杂的Li2O-ZnO-SiO2系(LZS)透明玻璃陶瓷。利用DTA,XRD,SEM,UV-Vis-NIR等对样品进行了表征,并分析了影响玻璃陶瓷析晶的因素。结果表明,LZS系玻璃具有良好的结晶性能,其最佳热处理温度为700℃,最佳热处理时间为50min,其主晶相为石英和Li8Zn10Si7O28。该玻璃陶瓷在可见光区的透过率可达85%。经SEM分析,粒子直径为30~40nm。荧光光谱显示,玻璃陶瓷的发射光谱较之基质玻璃有了极大的提高,而且在1530nm附近获得一较强发射峰。