Talopyranose Derivatives Suitable for the Planned Synthesis of Teichoic Acids Containing Di-Glycosylated Ribitol Units

ABSTRACT

Easily accessible 1,6-anhydro-2,3-O-(S)-benzylidene-β-D-mannopyranose was converted in four steps to 1,6-anhydro-3,4-di-O-benzyl-β-D-talopyranose. Glycosylation of the latter with ethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-α-L-rhamnopyranoside gave, after further processing, 1-O-allyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-L-ribitol.     

Synthesis Of Ligands Related To The O-Specific Antigen Of Shigella Dysenteriae Type 1.

Abstract

Stereoselective α-D-galactosylation at the position 3 of 4,6-O-substituted derivatives of methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside is described. Glycosyl chlorides derived from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-benzyl- and 2-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-D-galactopyranose have been used as glycosyl donors. Methyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (27) and methyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (31) have been prepared.     

Application of Phenyl 1-Selenoglycosides in the Synthesis of a Cell-Wall Tetrameric Fragment of Proteus Vulgaris Strain 5/43

Abstract

DAST-assisted rearrangement of 3-O-allyl-4-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl azide followed by treatment of the generated fluorides with ethanethiol and BF₃·OEt₂ gave glycosyl donor ethyl 3-O-allyl-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-1-thio-α/β-l-glucopyranoside. Stereoselective glycosylation of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside with ethyl 3-O-allyl-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-1-thio-α/β-l-glucopyranoside, under the agency of NIS/TfOH afforded methyl 3-O-(3-O-allyl-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-α-l-glucopyranosyl)-4,6-O-benzyli-dene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside. Removal of the allyl function of the latter dimer, followed by condensation with properly protected 2-azido-2-deoxy-glucosyl donors, in the presence of suitable promoters, yielded selectively methyl 3-O-(3-O-[6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-α-l-glucopyranosyl)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside. Deacetylation and subsequent glycosylation of the free HO-6 with phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside in the presence of NIS/TfOH furnished a fully protected tetrasaccharide. Deprotection then gave methyl 3-O-(3-O-[6-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl}-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-α-L-glucopyranosyl)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside.     

2-Deoxy-2-C-(2,3-dideoxy-α-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoses: Reinvestigation of Synthesis,Use in Glycosylation,and Conformational Analyses by NMR

Abstract

Conformational investigations using 1D TOCSY and ROESY ¹H NMR experiments on 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-C-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (8) and related disaccharides showed that for steric reasons the C-linked hexopyranosyl ring occurs in the usually unfavoured ¹C₄ conformation and reconfirmed the structure of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-C-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (5). Glycosylation of 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-(R)-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside (13) with acetate 8 using trimethylsilyl triflate as a catalyst afforded the α-D-linked tetrasaccharide 14. A remarkable side product in this reaction was the unsaturated tetrasaccharide 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-4-O-[4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-2-C-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl)-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl]-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-(R)-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside (16) where in the C-linked hexopyranosyl ring an isomerization to the β-anomer had taken place to allow for the favoured ⁴C₁ conformation. The tetrasaccharide 14 was deacetylated and hydrogenolyzed to form the fully deprotected tetrasaccharide 18. The ¹ C ₄ conformation of the C-glycosidic pyranose of this tetrasaccharide was maintained as shown by an in depth NMR analysis of its peracetate 19.     

A novel seven-membered carbohydrate phostone

Treatment of methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α(β)-d-glucopyranoside with triethyl phosphite and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate affords the seven-membered phostone arising from the attack of reagents on the acetal protecting group.     

Observations on the electron impact induced fragmentation of methyl and phenyl 4,6-O-Benzylideneglucopyranosides

The structure of some rearrangement ions in the electron impact induced fragmentation of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-methyl-α-D -glucopyranoside and phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-methyl-β-D -glucopyranoside have been investigated using high resolution, deuterium labelling and linked scan (B,E) techniques. Shifts of methoxyl groups from C-2 and C-3 to C-1 have been confirmed.     

Thioglycosides as Potential Glycosyl Donors in Electrochemical Glycosylation Reactions. Part 2: Their Reactivity Toward Sugar Alcohols.

Abstract

Constant potential electrolysis of the glycosyl donors p-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and p-methylphenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) in dry acetonitrile in the presence of various primary and secondary sugar alcohols, performed in an undivided cell, gave β-linked disaccharide derivatives selectively in good yields. Oxidative coupling of p-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (2 1) with p-methoxybenzyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside (16) gave selectively the α-linked disaccharide 22 in good yield.     

Reactions of Various Nucleophiles with d-Glucal over Keggin-Type Heteropoly Compounds: A Simple,Rapid, and Expedient Method for the Synthesis of Pseudoglycals

The reaction of benzyl alcohol with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal has been investigated with several heteropoly compounds, and the optimal catalyst is 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on carbon. In the presence of this catalyst, various alcohols gave the corresponding alkyl and aryl 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides in excellent yields and good anomeric selectivity under solvent-free condition. 4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-d-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide and ethyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-1-thio-α-d-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside have also been prepared with trimethylsilyl cyanide and ethanthiol as nucleophiles, respectively. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused several times with slight loss of activity. The selectivity to give α-anomers predominantly did not show any change in all runs.     

Synthesis of the Immunodominant Trisaccharide Related to the Antigen From E. COLI O 126

The trisaccharide derivative methyl 2-O-[4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-gal-actopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl]-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-mannopyranoside (12) was obtained when 3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-4,6-di-Oacetyl-2-deoxy-2-phtha-limido-β-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (8) was allowed to react with methyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-mannopyranoside (11) in presence of trimethylsilyl triflate. Removal of protecting groups then gave the desired trisaccharide.     

Synthesis of O-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-(l→2)-O-α-D-Mannopyranosyl-(l→6)-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-D-Glucopyranose. A Potential Acceptor-Substrate for N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V)

Abstract

The reaction of phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthaIimido-l-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside with methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-mannopyranoside catalysed by iodonium ion (TfOH-NIS) followed by deacylation-acetylarion afforded disaccharide 11. which was readily converted (in four steps) to bromide 12. A similar glycosylarion with phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-l-thio-D-glucopyranoside of benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside 16 followed by O-deacetylation of the resulting intermediate gave disaccharide 18. The 4,6-O-benzylidene derivative of 18 was acetylated then deacetaled to give diol 21. This diol acceptor was condensed with bromide 12 (promoted by mercuric cyanide) to give the partially protected tetrasaccharide derivative 22 which was O-deacetylated and then subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to furnish the title tetrasaccharide 6. The structure assigned to 6 was supported by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data and FAB mass spectroscopy.     

Selectively Deoxygenated Derivatives of β-Maltosyl-(1→4)-Trehalose as Biological Probes

ABSTRACT

The four derivatives of β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose have been synthesized, which are monodeoxygenated at the site of one of the primary hydroxyl groups. The tetrasaccharides were constructed in [2+2] block syntheses. Thus, 6′″-deoxy-β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose was prepared by selective iodination of allyl 2,3,6,2′,3′-penta-O-acetyl-β-maltoside (3) followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis and coupling with 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2′,3′,6′-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (9), and 6″-deoxy-β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose by selective iodination of allyl 4′,6′-O-isopropylidene-β-maltoside (14), coupling with 9, and one-step hydrogenolysis at the tetrasaccharide level. For the synthesis of 6′-deoxy-β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose, the diol 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2′,3′-di-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (22) was selectively iodinated and glycosylated with acetobromomaltose followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis. The 6-deoxy-β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose was obtained upon selective iodination of a tetrasaccharide diol.     

The Synthesis of the 2′′- and 2′′′-Monodeoxygenated Analogues of β-Maltosyl-(1→4)-Trehalose

Abstract

Two derivatives of β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose monodeoxygenated at C-2′′ or C-2′′′ have been synthesized in [2+2] block syntheses. O-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-1,2-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose (6), prepared from the respective orthoester, was coupled to the glycosyl acceptor 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. In the resulting tetrasaccharide 8, the only ester group was removed and replaced by a xanthate which was reduced in a Barton-McCombie reaction to afford the 2′′-deoxygenated tetrasaccharide 12. For the synthesis of a 2′′′-deoxygenated derivative, a maltose building block was assembled from two monosaccharides. The key building block was ethyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (14) which was used i) as a glycosyl acceptor in a phenylselenyl chloride mediated coupling reaction with tri-O-benzyl-glucal and ii) after the first coupling as a glycosyl donor to react with glycosyl acceptor 7 to give tetrasaccharide 18. The phenylselenyl group was reduced with tributyltin hydride on the disaccharide level. Deprotection of 18 furnished the 2′′′-deoxy-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose 20.     

Synthese des substances de groupe sanguin—IV : Synthese du 2-acetamido-2-desoxy-4-O-[2-O-(α-l-fucopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranosyl]-d-glucopyranose,porteur de la specificite H

The synthesis of a H blood group specific trisaccharide was performed by using benzyl ethers as temporary blocking groups for hydroxylic functions. Benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-d- glucopyranoside was glycosylated by 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-1,2-O-benzyl-1,2-O-(tert-butoxyethylidene)-α-d-galactopyranose; after O-deacetylation, glycosylation by 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-l-fucopyranosyl bromide, and hydrogenolysis, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-[2-O-(α-l-fucopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranosyl]-d-glucopyranose is obtained.     

Cyanosugars III : The reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide with keto,epoxy and acetal derivatives of carbohydrates

Reaction of methyl 2-acetamido-4,6-$\text{O}$-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-$\text{D}$-$\text{ribo}$-hexopyranosid-3-ulose with Me₃SiCN afforded methyl 2-acetamido-4,6-$\text{O}$-benzylidene-3-$\text{C}$-cyano-2-deoxy-3-$\text{O}$-trimethylsilyl-α-$\text{D}$-$\text{allo}$- Reaction of ethyl 4,6-di-$\text{O}$-acetyl-2,3-anhydro-α-$\text{D}$-mannopyranoside with Me₃SiCN gave the corresponding ethyl 4,6-di-$\text{O}$-acetyl-2-$\text{C}$-cyano-2-deoxy-α-$\text{D}$-glucopyranoside. Reaction of methyl 4,6-$\text{O}$-benzylidene-2,3-anhydro-α-$\text{D}$-allopyranoside or methyl 4,6-$\text{O}$-benzylidene-2,3-di-$\text{O}$-tosyl-α-$\text{D}$-glucopyranoside with Me₃SiCN at - 75° or - 50° gave the corresponding methyl 6-$\text{O}$-[(R)-cyano phenyl methyl]-α-$\text{D}$-glyco-pyranosides with high or total regio and stereoselectivity.     

Synthesis of Methyl 2-Acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-S-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside

Methyl-2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-S-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-thio-α-D-mannopy-ranoside has been synthesized by conversion of methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside into the corresponding 3-O-methanesulfony1-2-N-[(methylthio)thiocarbonyl]derivative followed by intramolecular displacement of the 3-O-methanesulfonyloxy group with the (methylthio)thiocarbamoyl group.     

Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 22: Total Synthesis of Tumor-Associated Ganglioside,Sialyl Lewis X1

ABSTRACT

The first total synthesis of tumor-associated glycolipid antigen, sialyl Lewis X is described. Glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-L-fuco-pyranoside (4) gave the α-glycoside (5), which was converted by reductive ring-opening of the benzylidene acetal into the glycosyl acceptor (6). Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate-promoted coupling of 6 with methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (7) afforded the desired hexasaccharide 8 in good yield. Compound 8 was converted into the α-trichloroacetimidate 11, via reductive removal of the benzyl groups, O-acetylation, removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, and treatment with trichloroacetonitrile, which, on coupling with (2S, 3R, 4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octa-decene-1,3-diol (12), gave the β-glycoside 13. Finally, 13 was transformed, via selective reduction of the azide group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, into the title compound 16.     

Selectively Deoxygenated Derivatives of β-Maltosyl-(1→4)-Trehalose as Biological Probes. II. the Synthesis of the 4- and 4′″-Monodeoxygenated Analogues

ABSTRACT

Two derivatives of β-maltosyl-(1→4)-trehalose monodeoxygenated at positions 4 or 4′″ have been synthesized in [2+2] block syntheses. After the preparation of precursors with only one free hydroxyl group the deoxy function was introduced by a Barton-McCombie reaction. Thus, glycosylation of 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (4) with octa-O-acetyl-β-maltose (3) gave tetrasaccharide 5 with only one free hydroxyl group at the 4-position. The 4′-position of an allyl maltoside was available selectively after removal of a 4′,6′-cyclic acetal and selective benzoylation of the 6′-position. Reduction of this derivative 11 afforded allyl O-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-4-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), which was deallylated, activated as an trichloroacetimidate, and coupled to 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyl 2′,3′,6′-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (20). Several compounds were fully characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Deprotection furnished the monodeoxygenated tetrasaccharides 9 and 23.     

Synthesis of Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of the K-Antigen from Klebsiella Type-16

Abstract

Starting from L-fucose, D-glucose and lactose, methyl O-[2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4, 6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(1→4)-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-α-L-fucopyranoside and methyl O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-(methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1→4)-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-α-L-fucopyranoside were synthesized. Removal of protecting groups gave the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the antigen from Klebsiella type-16 in the form of its methyl ester methyl glycoside.     

Stereoselective Glycosidic Coupling Reactions of Fully Benzylated 1,2-Anhydro Sugars with N-Tosyl- or N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-l-serine Methyl Ester

Abstract

The glycosidic coupling reaction of 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-d-mannopyranose (7), 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranose (21), and 1,2-anhydro-3,4-di-O-benzyl-α-d-xylopyranose (18) with N-tosyl- (10) or N-benzyloxycarbonyl- (11) L-serine methyl ester provides a new stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,2-trans linked glycopeptides. The 1,2-anhydro sugars are shown to react smoothyl with 10 or 11 in the presence of Lewis acid (ZnCl₂ or AgOTf) as well as powdered 4A molecular sieves in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature to afford glycosyl serine derivatives with high stereoselectivity and high yield in less than 30 min. An improved method using 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl chloride (6) as the key intermediate for ring closure was applied for the synthesis of 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-d-mannopyranose.     

Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 104: Synthesis of Kdn-Lewis X Ganglioside Analogs Containing Modified Reducing Terminal and L-Rhamnose in Place of L-Fucose 1 2

Abstract

KDN-Le^x ganglioside analogs (10, 13, 16 and 19) containing the modified reducing terminal and L-rhamnose in place of L-fucose have been synthesized. Glycosidation of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-galacopyranoside (2), followed by reductive ring opening of the benzylidene acetal, gave 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2-acet-amido-6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The tetrasaccharide 4 was coupled with methyl O-(methyl 4,5,7,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside(5), using dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate (DMTST), to give the hexasaccharide 6, which was converted into compound 11 in the usual manner. Compounds 8 and 11 were transformed, via bromination of the reducing terminal, radical reduction, O-deacylation and saponification of the methyl ester, into the desired KDN-Le^x hexasaccharides (10, 13). On the other hand, glycosylation of 2-(tetradecyl)hexadecanol with α-trichloroacetimidates 14 and 17, afforded the target ganglioside analogs 16 and 19.