Calix[4]resorcinols as Stabilizers for Rubber Stocks Based on Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Rubbers

Modification of tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinol with dimethylaminomethyl and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl fragments was studied. The antioxidative activity of these macrocyclic stabilizers in rubber stocks based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber was examined.     

Effect of Polycaprolactam Fiber on Coagulation of Rubbers and on Properties of Rubbers,Rubber Stocks,and Vulcanizates

The effect of polycaprolactam fiber on the coagulation of butaidene-styrene rubber from the latex was studied.     

Coagulation of Latex in the Presence of Viscose Fiber and Properties of the Resulting Rubbers,Rubber Stocks,and Vulcanizates

The effect of addition of viscose fiber on the recovery of butadiene-styrene rubber from a latex and on the properties of the commercial rubber and vulcanizates based on it was examined.     

Preparation and Use of Chemically Modified Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Papers dealing with chemical modification of the surface of noble metal nanoparticles and their use in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, pharmacology, etc., are analyzed. Grafting of a layer of preset chemical composition on the nanoparticle surface allows preparation of functional materials combining the properties of the metal core (surface plasmon resonance, enhancement of fluorescence and nonelastic scattering) and shell (selective interaction with components of the surrounding medium). Combination of these properties opens wide prospects for using the modified nanoparticles in various branches of science and engineering, primary in chemical and biochemical analysis, and also in pharmacology.     

高反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶在轿车轮胎带束层中的应用研究

研究了高反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶(TBIR)的生胶性能及其在轿车轮胎带束层中的应用。结果表明,随丁二烯单体单元含量增加,TBIR生胶的玻璃化转变温度、结晶熔融焓、生胶强度和硬度逐渐降低。硫化胶性能测试表明,TBIR硫化胶的定伸应力、回弹性能以及耐老化性能优于NR硫化胶,TBIR-40硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度明显高于NR硫化胶。采用10~30份TBIR取代NR应用于轿车轮胎带束层配方,并用硫化胶拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、撕裂强度和钢丝帘线抽出力处于较高水平,定伸应力、硬度、回弹性能和耐老化性能较对比胶提高,含TBIR的轮胎带束层胶料具有更加优异的综合性能。DMA结果表明,NR与TBIR相容性较好,NR/TBIR并用硫化胶具有更低的内耗。TEM结果表明,NR/TBIR并用胶具有较好的填料分散性。     

Preparation of Polymeric Analogs of Tetramethylurea and Their Use as Liquid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysts

Polymeric analogs of tetramethylurea were prepared by free-radical polymerization of N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-p-vinylbenzylurea and copolym-erization of this monomer with styrene. These polymers are soluble in toluene and have the ability to extract alkali metal ions such as lithium, sodium, and potassium. Moreover, these polymers act as phase-transfer catalysts for typical S _N 2 reactions, although the monomeric analogs tetramethylurea and N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-benzylurea do not. A plausible mechanism for these catalytic reactions is proposed.     

静电纺丝法制备交联多孔纳米碳纤维膜及其电化学电容性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和三聚氰胺为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了三聚氰胺改性聚丙烯腈纳米纤维前驱体,经预氧化、碳化后得到交联的多孔纳米碳纤维.采用红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重分析(TGA)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱仪和比表面积分析仪等对前驱体及纤维进行了表征.结果表明,经过三聚氰胺改性的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维前驱体在碳化后有效地交联,形成含有微孔、介孔和大孔多级的合理孔道结构,氮掺杂量高达14.3%,纤维直径大幅缩减,平均直径仅约89 nm.电化学测试结果表明,交联多孔纳米碳纤维电极在0.05 A·g^-1电流密度下未经活化时的质量比电容值高达194 F·g^-1(0.05 A·g^-1),在2 A·g^-1的电流密度下经过1000次循环充放电后的比电容仍然保持99.2%,表现出优异的电化学特性.     

Preparation of Polystyrenes Containing Sulfonamide Moieties and Their Use as Phase Transfer Catalysts

Styrenes containing sulfonamide moieties such as N-methyl-N-(P-vinylbenzyl)methanesulfonamide and N,N-dimethyl-p-styrene-sulfonamide were prepared. The copolymerization parameters of these monomers were obtained from copolymerization with styrene under free radical conditions. Crosslinked polymers prepared by free radical terpolymerization of the sulfonamide monomer, styrene, and divinylbenzene served as phase transfer catalysts for the reaction of n-octyl bromide with sodium thiophenoxide in the toluene-water system. However, the corresponding monomeric sulfonamides were practically inactive. These polymer catalysts were stable even under strongly alkaline conditions, and the recovered catalysts were used without a significant loss in activity.     

环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究与应用

综述了国内外环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究现状和应用趋势,重点介绍了环氧化天然橡胶、环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物及其合金的优点,以及影响其物理机械性能的因素和环氧化橡胶的发展方向。     

手性氮杂环丁烷的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用

综述了手性氮杂环丁烷衍生物的合成方法以及它们在不对称硼氢化反应、二乙基锌对醛的加成反应、Henry反应、Diels-Alder反应和环丙烷化反应中的应用研究进展.     

Cross-Linked Polymers as Scaffolds for the Low-Temperature Preparation of Nanostructured Metal Oxides

The current state of the art of the use of cross-linked organic polymers, both insoluble (resins or gels) and soluble (micro- and nanogels), as aids for the low-temperature preparation of stable metal oxide nanoparticles or nanostructured metal oxides is reviewed herein. Synthetic strategies for inorganic oxide nanomaterials of this kind can greatly benefit from the use of cross-linked polymers, which may act as scaffolds/exotemplates during inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, or as stabilizers following post-synthetic modification of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the peculiar properties of the organic cross-linked polymers add to those of the inorganic oxide nanoparticles, producing materials with combined properties. The potential applications of such highly promising composite nanomaterials will be also briefly sketched.     

化学交联聚乙烯醇改性纤维素碱性阴离子交换复合膜的制备与性能

高稳定性碱性阴离子交换膜的制备已成为碱性固体电解质膜研究领域的一大热点.本文通过聚乙烯醇化学交联改性制备出了季铵化羟乙基乙氧基纤维素碱性阴离子交换膜（PVA/QHECE）.采用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、热重（TG）分析、交流（AC）阻抗等方法考察了复合膜的分子结构、热稳定性、耐碱稳定性及离子电导率等性能.详尽考察了交联时间、交联剂含量、聚合物组成对成膜力学强度、含水率以及OH^-电导率的影响.实验结果表明:随着交联时间的增加,膜的溶胀率降低,力学强度随之增强,而离子电导率随膜含水率的降低没有发生明显变化,室温下OH^-的电导率在3.26×10^-4-4.44×10^-4S·cm^-1范围内变化.热重分析结果显示:掺入42.9%的QHECE时,膜的热分解温度达260℃.此外,将PVA/QHECE膜在6 mol·L^-4 KOH浓碱溶液中80℃浸渍处理168 h,膜的电导率从4.90×10^-4S·cm^-1提高到9.68×10^-4S·cm^-1,而膜的外观和力学强度以及含水率未发生明显变化,这一结果表明该膜具有很好的耐碱化学稳定性,有望作为一种新型的碱性燃料电池用离子交换膜.     

手性氮杂卡宾金属络合物的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用

手性氮杂卡宾金属络合物在多种催化反应中得到了广泛的应用, 并取得了很好的研究成果. 综述了手性氮杂卡宾金属络合物的合成以及它们在催化不对称反应中的应用研究进展, 如催化α,β-不饱和酮的1,4-加成反应、酮的氢硅烷化反应、烯烃的氢化反应和烯烃的复分解反应等.     

胆酸超分子凝胶化学

胆酸来源丰富,价格低廉,在生命过程中发挥着重要的作用。与胆固醇不同,胆酸以其结构和修饰途径的多样性,以及独特的双亲结构备受超分子化学工作者关注。近年来以胆酸为基本构筑单元的小分子胶凝剂创制及其相关凝胶的研究取得了重要的进展。本文从胆酸衍生物结构设计到胆酸衍生物凝胶构建,概要介绍了胆酸超分子凝胶及其性能研究进展。在此基础上,简要阐述胆酸超分子凝胶材料的潜在应用。     

Preparation and Application of Chemically Bonded Silica Supported Calix[4]arene as Reinforced Filler in NR/BR Blend Based Rubber Compounds

In this study, we tried to reduce polarization of silica surface by chemically bonding cholorosulfonyl calix[4]arene (CSC[4]A) and silica (Si–O–Cl) to improve dispersion between filler and elastomer. To confirm synthesis of CSC[4]A, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectrophotometry were used. Obtained composite of chemically bonded silica and CSC[4]A was characterized by TGA. Compounds (contained silica, silica and silane, silica-calix system) were prepared to investigate the effect of silica-calix system (CSC[4]A-SiO₂) on the rheological and mechanical properties of rubber compounds based on natural rubber/cis-butadiene rubber (NR/BR) blend in tire tread formulation. The rheological and mechanical properties of three samples were investigated by different devices and a surface morphology was evaluated by FESEM technique. The results revealed that the curing behavior of the compound with CSC[4]A-SiO₂ did not significantly differ from other compounds, while reversion was considerably reduced compared with that to other compounds. Also, the mechanical properties of compound with CSC[4]A-SiO₂ were improved dramatically especially in fatigue resistance.

     

交联聚苯乙烯的辐射法制备与性能表征

以苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯(DVB)为共聚单体,60Co作为γ射线辐照源,采用原位本体聚合法制备出交联聚苯乙烯(CLPS)块体材料。采用FT-IR、DSC、TG和DMA等手段对聚合物的结构及性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,在纯氮气氛中,150~200kGy的吸收剂量,当DVB的质量分数大于1%时,可以得到透明无缺陷的产物。CLPS在380°C以下能够非常稳定地存在,玻璃化温度(Tg)达到127℃;CLPS的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随DVB质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,在1.6%~1.8%时出现最大值,表现出较好的力学性能;在9.3GHz测试条件下,交联剂的含量对CLPS介电常数和介电损耗影响甚微,介电常数为2.48~2.50,介电损耗为4×10-4~6×10-4。     

原位氧化聚合制备导电PAn-PC和PAn-SIR复合膜

以聚碳酸酯（PC）和硅橡胶（SIR）为基体浸泡于苯胺（An）的盐酸溶液中,然后经氧化剂（NH4）2S208（APS）或FeCl3在基体中原位氧化聚合,制备导电聚苯胺（PAn）复合材料PAn-PC和PAn-SIR。研究了聚合反应的工艺条件对复合材料导电性能的影响,确定了合适的制备条件。采用扫描电镜（SEM）及荧光光谱对复合膜进行表征。