Experimental Study on Spiral Patterns in Dielectric Barrier Discharge System

Spiral patterns are obtained in a dielectric barrier discharge system with water electrodes. The dynamics of spiral formation and transition is investigated. Wavelength characteristic of spiral patterns is also studied. Correlation measurements indicate that the wavelength of spiral pattern increases with the increasing gas gap width and oscillates with the increasing drive frequency.     

Determination of Ionization Coefficient of Atmospheric Helium in Dielectric Barrier Discharge

A weakly luminous layer close to the anode is observed at time far ahead of the current pulse in dielectric barrier discharge of helium at atmospheric pressure and it is considered as the result of a very weak Townsend discharge. Based on the assumption that the space charge produced by this Townsend discharge is too small to distort the uniform electric field in the gas gap, the electrons have more or less the same energy over the entire gap and the spatial distribution of the discharge light is proportional to the distribution of electron density. This light distribution is obtained by processing side-view photograph of discharge gap using an intensified charge coupled device camera with an exposure time of 20ns. By fitting a theoretically derived formula with the measured curve of light distribution, the Townsend electron ionization coefficient α is determined to be 31 cm^-1 at E/p = 3.6 V·cm^-1·Torr^-1, which is much higher than that obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation of pure helium. It is believed that penning ionization of helium metastables with impurity of nitrogen molecules makes great contribution to the experimentally determined α value. The contribution of this penning ionization to α is roughly estimated.     

Stability of periodic waves generated by subcritical oscillatory instability under the action of feedback control

Periodic solutions of a subcritical cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are considered in the limit of large dispersion and nonlinear frequency shift. Results obtained formerly by Schöpf and Kramer are revisited and extended to the case of a defocusing nonlinearity. It is shown that a global feedback control can extend existence and stability regions of the stationary solutions in both focusing and defocusing cases.     

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Investigation of a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Aerodynamic Actuator

The optical emission spectroscopy of a surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma aerodynamic actuator is investigated with different electrode configurations, applied voltages and driving frequencies. The rotational temperature of N2 （C^3 Ⅱu） molecule is calculated according to its rotational emission band near 380.5 nm. The average electron energy of the discharge is evaluated by emission intensity ratio of first negative system to second positive system of N2. The rotational temperature is sensitive to the inner space of an electrode pair. The average electron energy shows insensitivity to the applied voltage, the driving frequency and the electrode configuration.     

Self-Consistent Model for Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Helium

We show the necessity of leaving out the approximation of constant average electron energy in many fluid models. For this purpose a one-dimensional self-consistent model for He atmospheric barrier discharges is developed. With this model, the electron energy distribution function in the atmospheric pressure glow discharge is obtained without introducing much difficulty, and the new model is readily implemented for investigating discharges in complicated gases.     

Numerical Study on Characteristics of Argon Radio-Frequency Glow Discharge with Varying gas Pressure

A one-dimensional fluid simulation on argon rf glow discharge with varying linearly gas pressure from 1 Torr to 100 Tort is performed. The model based on mass conservation equations for electron and ion under diffusion and mobility approximation, and the electron energy conservation equation is solved numerically by finite volume method. The numerical results show that a uniform plasma with high density can be obtained from rf glow discharge with varying gas pressure, and the density of plasma becomes higher as the gas pressure varies from 1 Tort to 100 Tort. It is also shown that in the range of the gas pressure from 1 Tort to 100 Tort with the slower rate of varying gas pressure, higher density of plasma can be obtained.     

Mechanism of Striation in Dielectric Barrier Discharge

The mechanism of striations in dielectric barrier discharge in pure neon is studied by a two-dimensional particle- in-cell/Monte Carlo collision （PIC-MCC） model. It is shown that the striations appear in the plasma background, and non-uniform electrical field resulting from ionization and the negative wall charge appear on the dielectric layer above the anode. The sustainment of striations is a non-local kinetic effect of electrons in a stratified field controlled by non-elastic impact with neutral gases. The striations in the transient dielectric barrier discharge are similar to those in dc positive column discharge.     

常压介质阻挡放电氧气大气谱带分析

观测了氧气常压介质阻挡放电过程产生的发射光谱,利用氧气大气谱带(b 1Σ＋_g→X 3Σ-_g)转动结构的拟合光谱与实验光谱的比较和氧原子发射谱线测量了等离子体的气体温度和电子温度; 通过分析氧气常见激发态(a 1Δ_g,b 1Σ＋_g和A 3Σ＋_g)的产生和猝灭途径,结合氧气激发、解离过程的动力学数据,探讨了在大气压介质阻挡放电条件下氧气大气谱带的产生原因。结果表明：在该实验条件下氧气常压介质阻挡放电时电子温度(11 800±400) K远高于气体温度(650±20) K,由于a 1Δ_g的辐射跃迁概率太小,且A 3Σ＋_g在高气压下很容易被猝灭,实验中没有观测到这两个激发态的辐射,而测到了具有清晰转动结构的氧气大气谱带。     

大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中的电子激发温度

采用发射光谱强度比法,测量了大气压氩气介质阻挡放电(DBD)中的电子激发温度。实验在690～800 nm的范围内测量了大气压氩气DBD的发射光谱,经分析发现这些谱线全部是氩原子的发射谱线。为了测量电子激发温度,选用相距较近的763.51 nm(2P₆→1S₅),772.42 nm(2P₂→1S₃)的两条光谱线。结果发现电子温度的范围为0.1～0.5 eV,电子激发温度随电压的增加而增加,随流量的增加而减小。实验还发现氩气流动与非流动时电子激发温度有明显的差别。上述结果对介质阻挡放电在工业领域上的应用具有重要意义。     

大气压介质阻挡辉光放电中放电电流的测量与分析

介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体具有广泛的应用前景而成为研究热点。文章利用平行平板介质阻挡放电装置,在流动的氦气中实现了大气压均匀辉光放电,得到了大气压下的均匀等离子体。利用电学方法将放电电流从总电流中分离出来,从而得到了辉光放电的放电电流。通过分析放电电流、外加电压、气隙上电压以及壁电荷电量之间的相互关系,可以研究气体放电过程中壁电荷积累的微观动力学行为。实验结果表明壁电荷主要是在放电电流脉冲持续期间积累的,但电流脉冲结束后,由于气隙电压没有改变极性,壁电荷还会逐渐积累,气隙电压改变极性后,壁电荷量随时间减小。这些结果对壁电荷在介质阻挡辉光放电中作用的深入研究和大气压介质阻挡辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

介质阻挡放电点燃大气压直流均匀放电的光谱研究

由于大气压均匀放电等离子体在工业领域具有广泛的应用前景,为了获得大尺寸的大气压均匀等离子体,采用氩气作为工作气体,在大气压空气环境中利用同轴介质阻挡放电点燃了针-板电极间的大气隙(气隙宽度达到5 cm)直流均匀放电。研究发现,同轴介质阻挡放电能够有效降低针-板电极间的击穿电压。该均匀放电由等离子体柱、等离子体羽、阴极暗区和阴极辉区组成。其中等离子体柱和阴极辉区都是连续放电。而等离子体羽不同位置的放电是不同时的。事实上,等离子体羽放电是由从阴极向着等离子体柱移动的发光光层(即等离子体子弹)叠加而成。利用电学方法测量了放电的伏安特性曲线,发现其与低气压正常辉光放电类似,均具有负斜率。采集了放电的发射光谱,发现存在N₂第二正带系、氩原子和氧原子谱线。通过Boltzmann plot方法对放电等离子体电子激发温度进行了空间分辨测量,发现等离子体柱的电子激发温度比等离子体羽的电子激发温度低。通过分析放电机制,对以上现象进行了定性解释。这些研究结果对大气压均匀放电等离子体源的研制和工业应用具有重要意义。     

常压介质阻挡放电等离子体发射光谱的检测分析

以常压介质阻挡放电等离子体作为研究对象,在常温常压条件下使用介质阻挡放电光谱诊断装置,得到N2第二正系跃迁和Ar原子发射谱线。通过对放电光谱的检测分析,可以察知常压介质阻挡放电等离子体的特性,并可运用同一元素谱线的相对强度来诊断电子激发温度等物理参量,以达到对材料表面改性过程的实时监控,工作的结果对常压介质阻挡放电及其在材料改性的应用中具有重要的意义。     

氩气介质阻挡放电的发光特性

本文使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,采用光学方法测量了氩气介质阻挡放电的发光特性。发现在驱动电压处于一定的范围内时,放电处于丝极模式,在驱动电压的每半周期内,无论是放电的总光还是单个微通道的放电发光均只有一次脉冲,单个微放电的时间为2μs,而总放电时间为2.4μs,这表明在氩气的丝极模式中,各单丝产生与熄灭的时间极其接近,各个放电丝之间有着很好的时间相关性。最后将本文的结果与空气中介质阻挡放电丝极模式的发光特性相比较,空气放电在每半周内的总光信号由多个脉冲组成,而每一个脉冲对应多个放电丝,因而氩气中各个放电微通道之间的时间相关性远强于空气的情况。     

少量氩气对大气介质阻挡放电光谱的增强

采用双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,测量了大气介质阻挡放电的光谱,并研究了加入少量氩气后光谱的变化。在300～800 nm波长范围内,发现了氮分子(C3Π_u(v′=0)→B3Π_g(v″=0～4))的光谱和氮原子(4d4D_7/2→3p4P0_1/2)的光谱。在大气中加入少量氩气后,击穿电压明显降低,在相同电压条件下,氮分子光谱线和氮原子光谱线强度都增强。同时,加入氩气后上述谱线的半宽度明显加大。由于谱线的Stark加宽与电子密度成正比, 说明加入氩气后等离子体的电子密度增大, 使得电子碰撞激发氮分子及氮原子的概率增大,激发到较高激发态的氮原子或氮分子增多,从而使光谱强度增强。     

大面积氮气均匀介质阻挡放电发射光谱研究

采用板-板式电极结构在大气压氮气中成功地获得了具有工业应用前景的大面积均匀介质阻挡放电等离子体。利用发射光谱技术测量了N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g 0-0 391.4 nm)的发射光谱,并研究了应用电压和驱动频率对N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g 0-0 391.4 nm)发射光谱强度的影响。结果表明,当应用电压小于6 kV时,N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+ _g0-0 391.4 nm)的发射光谱强度随应用电压增大变化较小,进一步升高应用电压时,等离子体发射光谱强度陡然增强。本文还讨论了激发态N+₂(B2Σ+_u)离子在纯N₂和He+N₂混合气体中介质阻挡大气压均匀介质阻挡放电下的主要产生机制。     

Formation of Vegetation Patterns and Hysteresis Phenomena in Arid and Semiarid Zones

Considering the spatial effect of the complicated interactions between plant and resource （soil water） and the stochastic character of the complicated ecological processes in an ecosystem, we introduce a lattice gas model to investigate the vegetation pattern formation in the arid and the semiarid ecosystems with Monte Carlo sim- ulations. With consistency of some previous mean-field models, the model reproduces a wide range of patterns observed in the arid and the semiarid regions. The sequences of vegetation states are also investigated with scanning three parameters, i.e., the precipitation and the plant growth rate, and then the parameter ranges are identified where a hysteresis loop appears and two different stable states coexist. The simulation results denote that the complex structures occur only when the precipitation parameter decreases. Moreover, based on the model, it is found that an increase of the competition of the plant for the resource along the slope direction results in the regular stripes parallel to the hill＇s contours. The model provides an interesting mechanism to understand the formation of the other regular vegetation stripe in a limited resource condition.     

大气压介质阻挡放电的光谱研究

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,分别在大气压空气和氦气中实现了稳定的高气压放电。通过水电极观察两种气体的放电,发现大气压空气中放电为空间随机分布的微放电丝,等离子体是不均匀的,而在氦气中放电没有微放电丝,空间分布比较均匀。比较而言,这种均匀放电产生的等离子体具有更广泛的工业应用前景。对两种气体中放电的电流波形进行了比较,发现空气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上是随机出现的而氦气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上具有周期性,并且空气中放电脉冲宽度约为几十ns而氦气中放电的电流持续时间较长,脉冲宽度大约为1μs。文章还对两种气体中介质阻挡放电发射光谱进行了研究,结果表明大气压氦气中均匀放电的N+₂(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g)谱线391.4nm很强而在大气压空气放电中此光谱线很弱。这些研究结果对高气压条件下均匀放电的实现和大气压辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

大气压氩气环境下体积介质阻挡放电光谱特性

通过介质阻挡放电产生的等离子体可与燃料中的烃类分子发生碰撞裂解反应,将燃料分子裂解生成更容易起爆的氢气和小分子烃类,能有效改善液体燃料连续旋转爆震发动机的起爆性能。该研究在真空仓中开展体积介质阻挡放电的丝状放电光谱测试,分析了大气压氩气环境下体积介质阻挡放电的电子激发温度和电子密度随加载电压的变化规律。丝状放电的电子激发温度通过波尔兹曼斜率法计算,电子密度采用斯塔克展宽法计算。发现发射谱线均由氩原子4p-4s能级跃迁产生;各谱线强度随加载电压的提高均呈上升趋势,且与电压基本呈线性关系;对于大气压丝状放电,加载电压对电子激发温度和电子密度没有明显影响作用,加载电压12.5～14.5 kV范围内,电子激发温度稳定在3 400 K附近,电子密度在1025 m-3量级。