Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0-4)团簇的电子结构、成键性质及稳定性

本文采用尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱技术,结合密度泛函理论,对Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0-4)团簇电子结构、成键性质以及稳定性进行了研究.实验测得Ta4Cn-(n=0—4)团簇负离子基态结构的垂直脱附能分别为(1.16±0.08),(1.35±0.08),(1.51±0.08),(1.30±0.08)和(1.86±0.08)eV.中性Ta4Cn(n=0—4)团簇的电子亲和能分别为(1.10±0.08),(1.31±0.08),(1.44±0.08),(1.21±0.08)和(1.80±0.08)eV.研究发现Ta4^-/0团簇为四面体结构,Ta4C1-/0团簇中碳原子覆盖在Ta4四面体的一个面上方,Ta4C2^-/0团簇则是两个碳原子分别覆盖在Ta4四面体中的两个面上方.Ta4C3^-/0团簇是一个缺角立方体结构.Ta4C4^-/0团簇则是近似立方体结构,可以看成是α-TaC面心立方晶体的最小晶胞单元.分子轨道分析结果显示Ta4C3团簇的单电子最高占据轨道主要布居在单个钽原子周围,导致Ta4C3^-团簇的垂直脱附能明显低于其相邻团簇.理论研究显示随着碳原子数目的增加,Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0—4)团簇中的钽-钽金属键逐渐被钽-碳共价键取代,单原子结合能逐渐增加且明显高于Ta4+n^-/0(n=0-4)团簇.中性Ta4C4的单原子结合能高达7.13 eV,这说明钽-碳共价键的形成有利于提高材料的熔点,这与碳化钽作为高温陶瓷材料的特性密切相关.     

A novel chemical ionization reagent ion for organic analytes: the aquachloromanganese(II) cation [ClMn(H2O)+

The reactivity of ClMn(H(2)O)(+) towards small organic compounds (L) was examined in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. The organic compounds studied are aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, aliphatic amines, ketones, an epoxide, an ether, a thiol and a phosphine. All the reactions lead to the formation of the ClMn(H(2)O)(L)(+) complex, which dissociates by loss of the H(2)O molecule. In general, the reactions were found to occur with high efficiencies (>85%), indicating them to be exothermic. Electron transfer was also observed between ClMn(H(2)O)(+) and compounds with low ionization energies (IE), to form the molecular ion (L(+?)) of the analyte. Based on these observations, the IE of ClMn(H(2)O)(+) is approximated to be 8.1?±?0.1 eV. Thus, the utility of ClMn(H(2)O)(+) as a chemical ionization reagent in mass spectrometry is expected to be limited to organic compounds with IEs greater than 8 eV.     

Electron impact ionization of sodium Rydberg atoms below 2 eV

We have observed electron impact ionization of highly excited sodium Rydberg atoms in ns and nd states, n=35-51, below E=2 eV electron kinetic energy with energy resolution 0.25 eV. Measured absolute cross sections near 0 eV range from sigma(35d) approximately 7 x 10(-10) to sigma(50d) approximately 4 x 10(-9) cm(2). The energy dependence is consistent with that of widely used binary encounter approximation cross sections, and sigma(n) follows a power law in n. The measured cross sections are 14 to 24 times larger than theoretically predicted values. This enhancement may signal the effect of large polarizabilities of high Rydberg states not yet accounted for in ionization theories.     

铟团簇结构和电子性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法研究了Inn(n=2-7)团簇的稳定结构和电子性质。结果表明：自旋多重度对结构的影响不大;对于基态结构,n≤5时为平面结构,n≥6时为立体结构,n=6为结构转变点;平均结合能曲线随团簇尺寸增大逐渐平缓;能隙、结合能的二阶差分和电离势随团簇尺寸的变化趋势完全一致,均反映出In4团簇的基态结构较为稳定,具有较强的非金属性。     

铟团簇结构和电子性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法研究了In_n(n=2～7)团簇的稳定结构和电子性质.结果表明:自旋多重度对结构的影响不大;对于基态结构,n≤5时为平面结构,n≥6时为立体结构,n=6为结构转变点;平均结合能曲线随团簇尺寸增大逐渐平缓;能隙、结合能的二阶差分和电离势随团簇尺寸的变化趋势完全一致,均反映出In_4团簇的基态结构较为稳定,具有较强的非金属性.     

CuH~n(n=0,+1,+2)分子及离子的势能函数与垂直电离势(英文)

推导出了CuHn(n=0、+1、+2)的基态电子状态及其离解极限.基于SDD和6-311G**基组,用B3PW91方法计算了他们的平衡几何、电子状态,在此基础上分别计算了CuH,CuH+1的Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数和CuH+2的解析势能函数及其对应的力常数、光谱参数.CuHn(n=+1,+2)离子的垂直电离势为:I+=-965.00eV,I++=-944.70eV.计算表明CuH+、CuH2+的势能曲线均具有对应于稳定平衡结构的极小点,说明CuH+、CuH2+可稳定存在.     

The geometry structures and electronic properties of Li_mB_n(m+n=12) clusters

The geometric structures, electronic properties, total and binding energies, harmonic frequencies, the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and the vertical ionization potential energies of small LimBn （m＋ n = 12） clusters were investigated by the density functional theory B3LYP with a 6-31 I＋G （2d, 2p） basis set. All the calculations were performed using the Gaussian09 program. For the study of the LimBn clusters, the global minimum of the B 12 cluster was chosen as the starting point and the boron atoms were gradually replaced by Li atoms. The results showed that as the number of Li atoms increased, the stability of the LimBn cluster decreased and the physical and chemical properties became more active. In addition, on average there was a large charge transfer from the Li atoms to the B atoms.     

Cun(n=2-20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论中的PW91/DNP方法研究了Cun(n=2~20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质。结果表明：在n=2~8区间,平均结合能曲线几乎呈现线性增长;在n=9~20区间,平均结合能曲线相对较平缓。Cun(n=4, 7, 8, 17)团簇相对较稳定。Cun(n=2, 4, 8, 13, 19)团簇的能隙值相对较大,化学活性较弱。在n=2~20区间,垂直电离能略微大于绝热电离能, 绝热亲和能略微大于垂直亲和能。在n=2~9区间,电离能曲线呈现出显著的奇—偶振荡效应,即n为偶数团簇的电离能比临近奇数团簇的要大;亲和能曲线呈现出同电离能曲线相反的奇—偶振荡效应。     

(CoMn)n(n=1~5)合金团簇的结构和磁性

采用密度泛函理论中的局域自旋密度近似和广义梯度近似对(CoMn)n(n=1～5)团簇的几何构型进行优化、能量、频率和磁性计算,确定了团簇的基态,对其基态的磁性和电子结构进行了系统研究,并与相对应的一元团簇进行了结构和磁性比较.研究表明,两种方法确定的基态构型基本一致,当n=1～4时,等比CoMn二元合金团簇的几何形状仍与一元团簇相同;(CoMn)3和(CoMn)4团簇出现了磁性双稳态,显示铁磁性和反铁磁性耦合;二元CoMn合金团簇中Co、Mn原子磁性仍能保持一元Co、Mn团簇基态的磁性.     

碱金属团簇(Li2F)nM (M=Li,Na, K; n=1, 2)结构、稳定性和红外光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-311+G*全电子基组对(Li₂F)_nM (M=Li, Na, K; n=1, 2)团簇的几何结构进行了优化,确定了它们的基态结构,并对它们的化学稳定性、电子特性和红外光谱进行了理论研究。结果表明：(Li₂F)M (M=Li, Na, K)团簇具有相似的双三角基态结构,但是(Li₂F)₂M的基态结构则完全不同;(Li₂F)Li和(Li₂F)₂Na团簇具有较大的键能和HOMO-LUMO能隙,致使其具有较高的化学稳定性。通过轨道分析发现,这两个稳定团簇的HOMO和LUMO轨道都是由sp杂化而形成了σ键。同时,也发现(Li₂F)₂K团簇因具有较低的电离势(4.23 eV),可以考虑其为新型的超碱金属化合物。此外,模拟了(Li₂F)_nM团簇的红外振动特征峰,并对主要谱峰的振动模式进行了指认。     

Equilibrium geometries and electronic properties of BenLi （n=2-15） clusters from first principles

This paper studies the equilibrium geometries and electronic properties of Ben and BenLi clusters, up to n=15, by using density-functional theory（DFT） at B3LYP/6-31G（d） level. The lowest-energy structures of Ben and BenLi clusters were determined. The results indicate that a single lithium impurity enhances the stability and chemical reactivity of the beryllium clusters. It finds that the geometries of the host clusters change significantly after the addition of the lithium atom for n ≥8. The lithium impurity prefers to be on the periphery of beryllium clusters, and occupies vertex sites. Both Be4Li, Be9Li, and Be13Li were found to be particularly stable with higher average binding energy, local peaks of second-order energy difference and fragmentation energies. For all the BenLi clusters studied, we found charge transfers from the Li to Be site and co-existence of covalent and metallic bonding characteristics.     

Li2Bn(n=1—10)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-311+G(d)水平上计算并分析了Li2Bn(n=1-10)团簇的几何结构及电子性质.同时,讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分和极化率.研究表明: Li2Bn(n=1-10)团簇基态大多为立体构型. 能级间隙和二阶能量差分结果表明Li2B8是幻数团簇.对平均线性极化率和极化率的各向异性不变量研究表明,基态Li2Bn团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加虽然趋于紧凑,但尚未形成特定的堆积方式.     

中性及其带电Cun(n=2-12)团簇体系的第一性原理计算研究

结合半经验原子间势及遗传算法,采用密度泛函理论,系统计算研究了Cun(n=2-12)及Cun±(n=2-12)的基态与低激发态的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明：对中性团簇在n=3-6时基态为平面结构,而对于带电体系n=3-5时基态为低维结构,其中平面结构都以三角形为基本单元;对含更多原子的立体结构,基态主要以五角双锥为基本结构单元,传统的高对称性结构在小铜团簇基态中不占优势;计算所得Cun(n=2-12)中性体系结合能与实验结果完全一致,而结合带电体系计算所得团簇电离能与亲和势也与实验相符合;团簇电子结构的相关曲线（电离能、亲和势、二阶差分能）均呈现明显的奇偶振荡现象,这与含偶数电子Cu团簇的相对高稳定性密切相关。     

中性及其带电Cun(n=2-12)团簇体系的第一性原理计算研究

结合半经验原子间势及遗传算法，采用密度泛函理论，系统计算研究了Cun(n=2-12)及Cun±(n=2-12)的基态与低激发态的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明：对中性团簇在n=3-6时基态为平面结构，而对于带电体系n=3-5时基态为低维结构，其中平面结构都以三角形为基本单元；对含更多原子的立体结构，基态主要以五角双锥为基本结构单元，传统的高对称性结构在小铜团簇基态中不占优势；计算所得Cun(n=2-12)中性体系结合能与实验结果完全一致，而结合带电体系计算所得团簇电离能与亲和势也与实验相符合；团簇电子结构的相关曲线（电离能、亲和势、二阶差分能）均呈现明显的奇偶振荡现象，这与含偶数电子Cu团簇的相对高稳定性密切相关。     

N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理，研究了N2O在Yn (n=2-7) 团簇表面吸附机理。结果表明：N2O吸附于 Yn (n=2-7)团簇表面时，不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离。吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能 (约为8-10eV)。吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性。在所有团簇中，Y6N2O吸附能最大，化学性质最稳定。     

N_2O在Y_n(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理,研究了N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面吸附机理.结果表明:N_2O吸附于Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面时,不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离.吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能(约为8-10 e V).吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性.在所有团簇中,Y_6N_2O吸附能最大,化学性质最稳定.     

Au_nAg_m~-(n+m=2～4)负离子团簇光脱附电子谱计算

利用密度泛函理论,通过几何优化和态密度计算了Au_nAg_m^-（n+m=2～4）团簇的光电子光谱,结果显示只有Au₂Ag₂^-团簇的第一个峰发生了0.5eV的红移,而其它团簇的峰位置符合的很好,因此理论计算给出的团簇结构是合理的.     

AunAgm- (n+m=2～4)负离子团簇光脱附电子谱计算

利用密度泛函理论，通过几何优化和态密度计算了AunAgm- (n+m=2～4)团簇的光电子光谱，结果显示只有Au2Ag2-团簇的第一个峰发生了0.5eV的红移，而其它团簇的峰位置符合的很好，因此理论计算给出的团簇结构是合理的。     

Mon(n=2-13)和MonC(n=1-12)团簇的几何结构和电子结构

结合遗传算法和CALYPSO软件,采用密度泛函理论,对Mo_n(n=2-13)及Mo_nC(n=1-12)团簇基态的几何结构与电子结构展开详细研究.通过计算其基态结构的平均键长、平均结合能、二阶差分能、分裂能和前线轨道能级,对基态结构的稳定性随总原子数变化的关系展开了研究.计算结果表明,Mo_n团簇基态结构的稳定性可通过掺杂单个C原子而提高.综合团簇的二阶差分能、分裂能可知,n=6,9时Mo_n团簇的稳定性较高,n=4,7,10时Mo_nC团簇的稳定性较高.     

Absolute photoionization cross sections with ultra-high energy resolution for Ar, Kr, Xe and N2 in inner-shell ionization regions

The high-resolution absolute photoionization cross sections for Ar, Kr, Xe and N₂ in the inner-shell ionization region have been measured using a multi-electrode ion chamber and monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The energy ranges of the incident photons for the target gases were as follows: Ar: 242–252 eV (2p Rydberg excitation), Kr: 1650–1770 eV (near the 2p ionization thresholds), Xe: 665–720 eV (near the 3d ionization thresholds) and 880–1010 eV (near the 3p ionization thresholds), N₂: 400–425 eV (N 1s excitation and ionization). It is the first time to measure the absolute ionization cross sections of Ar, Kr, Xe and N₂ over the present energy ranges with the energy resolution of over 10,000. The natural lifetime widths of , , and resonances for Ar, resonance for Xe, and resonance for N₂ have been obtained based on the cross sections determined. The ionization energies into the Ar⁺ (), Ar⁺ () and Xe⁺ () ionic states are also determined using the Rydberg formula.