以花生碳量子点为探针基于其荧光猝灭-恢复测定多巴胺的研究

碳量子点(CQDs)是一种新型的荧光碳纳米功能材料,其良好的生物相容性和优异的光学性能引起了人们的广泛关注。选用富含蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的花生仁(Peanut,PN)及水为原料,无需添加任何其他试剂,在水热反应釜中于190℃反应20 h,可一步合成绿色发光CQDs。透射电镜(TEM)结果显示,所制备的花生碳量子点(PN-CQDs)的粒径大约在10 nm左右,分布较为均匀;X射线衍射谱(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)显示PN-CQDs晶型为无定型碳,表面富含-OH、-COOH、含氮官能团等亲水性基团,具有良好的水溶性。紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光发射光谱(FL)表明, PN-CQDs在275 nm处有一明显的吸收峰,为CQDs紫外特征吸收峰;该PN-CQDs具有激发波长依赖性,荧光发射峰的位置随激发波长的变化而移动;当激发波长λex为326 nm时,发射波长λem为408 nm处的荧光强度最大, PN-CQDs发出蓝色的荧光。以硫酸奎宁为参照物,利用参比法测得PN-CQDs的荧光量子产率φ为5.0%。基于该PN-CQDs良好的发光特性,以其为探针,构建了"关-开"型荧光体系用于多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)的高灵敏度检测。研究表明,在pH 3.80的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中, Ce(Ⅳ)存在下, PN-CQDs与Ce(Ⅳ)之间的电子转移反应和Ce(Ⅳ)与该PN-CQDs表面基团结合使PN-CQDs发生的聚集作用共同导致PN-CQDs在λex/λem=326 nm/408 nm处的荧光发生猝灭,荧光信号"关闭";当加入DA后, DA与结合于PN-CQDs表面的强氧化性Ce(Ⅳ)发生反应,从而将Ce(Ⅳ)从PN-CQDs表面移除, PN-CQDs的荧光得以恢复,荧光信号重新"打开"。在优化的实验条件下, DA浓度与PN-CQDs在λex/λem=326/408 nm处的荧光恢复值ΔF呈良好线性关系,线性范围为2.5×10-7~1.0×10-5mol·L^-1,决定系数R2为0.997 6,检出限为9.0×10-8mol·L^-1。探讨了体系的荧光"猝灭-恢复"机理,对PN-CQDs和PN-CQDs-Ce(Ⅳ)体系进行了荧光寿命拟合,其加权平均荧光寿命分别为6.02与5.15 ns, Ce(Ⅳ)对PN-CQDs荧光猝灭类型为动态猝灭;反应中生成的Ce(Ⅲ)于λex/λem=251/350 nm处的荧光对DA的测定无影响。该方法灵敏、简便、快速,应用于实际样品中DA的测定,加标回收率(平均值±SD)在97.5%±1.3%~103%±1.5%之间,结果满意。该研究提供了一种新的DA荧光检测方法,实现了对DA的准确测定。     

吲哚基二聚体菁类探针同步荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌吲哚染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性吲哚基同型二聚体探针I,建立了一种灵敏的蛋白质同步荧光分析体系。实验考察了吲哚探针的荧光特征、吲哚探针浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度等参数对体系荧光的影响。在酸性条件下,蛋白质分子与探针I发生结合作用,同步荧光明显增强并向长波方向发生红移,且同步荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系。在最优条件下,牛血清白蛋白BSA的线性响应范围5.00×10-7～2.50×10-5 g·mL-1,检测限(3σ/K)为3 ×10-8 g·mL-1;测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,不同浓度BSA样品回收率为98.6%～103.0%,相对标准偏差1.1%～1.9%;与蛋白质紫外标准测定法比较,测定偏差为0.4%～3.9％。     

A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Biological Samples Thiol and Its Application in Living Cells

Probe 1 was designed and synthesized as a new fluorescent molecular probe for thiols in PBS buffer at physiological condition. This fluorescent molecular probe consists of a thiol reaction moiety bound to a coumarin fluorophore. Its fluorescence quantum yield is low, but a drastic enhancement of fluorescence intensity was observed in the presence of thiols. Possible interference with other analytes was examined. Probe 1 displays a highly selective fluorescent enhancement with thiols, and the probe was successfully applied to thiols determination in intracellular, in human urine and blood samples.     

Study of Fluorescence Quenching in Aluminum-Doped Ceria Nanoparticles: Potential Molecular Probe for Dissolved Oxygen

This work investigates a novel usage of aluminum-doped ceria nanoparticles (ADC-NPs), as the molecular probe in optical fluorescence quenching for sensing the dissolved oxygen (DO). Cerium oxide (ceria) nanoparticles can be considered one of the most unique nanomaterials that are being studied today due to the diffusion and reactivity of oxygen vacancies in ceria, which contributes to its high oxygen storage capability. Aluminum can be considered a promising dopant to increase the oxygen ionic conductivity in ceria nanoparticles which can improve the sensitivity of ceria nanoparticles to DO. The fluorescence intensity of ADC-NPs, synthesized via chemical precipitation, is found to have a strong inverse relationship with the DO concentration in aqueous solutions. Stern-Volmer constant of ADC-NPs at room temperature is determined to be 454.6 M^?1, which indicates that ADC-NPs have a promising sensitivity to dissolved oxygen, compared to many presently used fluorophores. In addition, Stern-Volmer constant is found to have a relatively small dependence on temperature between 25 °C to 50 °C, which shows excellent thermal stability of ADC-NPs sensitivity. Our work suggests that ADC-NPs, at 6 nm, are the smallest diameter DO molecular probes between the currently used optical DO sensors composed of different nanostructures. This investigation can improve the performance of fluorescence-quenching DO sensors for industrial and environmental applications.     

二溴羟基苯基荧光酮荧光熄灭法测定铜

研究了在pH 6 2～ 8 2磷酸二氢钾 磷酸氢二钠缓冲体系中 ,非离子表面活性剂TritonX 10 0存在下 ,铜 (Ⅱ )与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮 (DBH PF)形成 1∶2红色三元混配合物而使荧光熄灭 ,建立了荧光熄灭法测定铜的新方法。配合物的λex=5 3 0nm ,λem=5 60nm ,含量在 0～ 80 μg·L-1范围内有良好的线性关系 ,检测限为 0 2 μg·L-1。体系的灵敏度高 ,选择性好。Al(Ⅲ )、Fe(Ⅲ )、Ti(Ⅳ )的干扰 ,可用氟化钠、苦杏仁酸掩蔽。方法快速简便 ,用于人发、茶叶及水中微量铜的测定与AAS相符 ,RSD(n=5 ) <6 9% ,回收率在 98%～ 10 4 %之间。     

5′-硝基-水杨基荧光酮-溴化十六烷基 三甲胺荧光猝灭法测定微量锆

本文基于Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）－５′－硝基－水杨基荧光酮（５′－Ｎ－ＳＡＦ）－溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）体系的荧光猝灭效应,提出一种测定微量锆的新荧光分析方法。在０．８～１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈ２ＳＯ４介质中,在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下,锆与５－Ｎ－ＳＡＦ生成组成比为１∶４的橙红色络合物。该体系存在两个激发峰,其激发波长分别为λｅｘ１＝４７５ｎｍ,λｅｘ２＝５０５ｎｍ,发射波长λｅｍ＝５２５ｎｍ。锆（Ⅳ）浓度在２．０～８０μｇ／Ｌ呈良好线性关系,检出限为２．０μｇ／Ｌ。本法灵敏度高,选择性好,用于铝合金中微量锆的测定,获得满意结果。     

Study of Polycation-Capped Mn:ZnSe Quantum Dots as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Living Cells

Transition metal manganese ion (Mn²⁺) doped zinc selenide quantum dots (Mn:ZnSe D-Dots) have been considered as a new material for fluorescent probes in biological labeling. However, this application is limited by the low membrane permeability of D-Dots. In this work, Mn:ZnSe D-Dots were capped with the polycation Sofast to label living cells. For the first time, the efficiency of cellular uptake in living cells is significantly enhanced. Various molar ratios of Sofast to D-Dots were explored and compared to obtain the optimal reaction conditions between Sofast and D-Dots for preparing Sofast/D-Dots nano-compound. A comparison on the fluorescence labeling ability of living cells were made between Sofast/D-Dots and pure D-Dots. Results from laser scanning confocal microscope show that Sofast/D-Dots complexes enter the cells more efficiently than pure D-Dots, even with a lower concentration and shorter incubation time. The cytotoxicities of D-Dots and Sofast/D-Dots were also studied. It was found that Sofast/D-Dots have a much lower cytotoxicity than cadmium-containing quantum dots (i.e. CdTe and CdTe/ZnS). Our results suggest that the non-heavy-metal-containing Sofast/D-Dots complexes have a great potential in the application of biological labeling, especially of long-time bioimaging in living cells.     

茜素红S荧光猝灭法测定壳聚糖含量

在pH 5.0的NaAc-HAc缓冲液中壳聚糖对茜素红S的荧光强度具有明显的猝灭作用,且猝灭程度F0/F与加入的壳聚糖浓度成线性关系,据此建立一种测定壳聚糖含量的荧光猝灭法。确定了最佳测定条件,线性回归方程为F0/F=-0.438 37 0.436 27c(mg·L-1),线性范围为0-16.667 mg·L-1,r=0.996,检测限为0.473 mg·L-1;平均回收率为100.60％,测定了样品中壳聚糖的含量,并考察了干扰因素对测定的影响。采用该方法可测定复杂样品中微量壳聚糖含量。     

Determination by Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Cadmium at the Subnanomolar Level: Application to Seawater

This paper reports the development of a molecular fluorescence spectroscopy-based approach for the determination of cadmium in seawater. Anthrylazamacrocycle derivatives—the fluorescence of which is enhanced when chelated to zinc or cadmium—are used as chemosensors. A detection limit of 5 nM has been found at pH 10 for both metals, and spectral shifts allow simultaneous Cd(II)/Zn(II) determination using multiwavelength analysis. While cadmium emission behavior is similar at pH 13, zinc is not detected anymore. This enables the selective detection of cadmium even at a high Zn(II)/Cd(II) ratio. The detection limit is 1 nM. Interferent removal and preconcentration have been developed using a Dowex resin, with a view to determine cadmium in seawater. A global procedure including interferent elimination, cadmium preconcentration (30 fold), and fluorescence detection at pH 13 has been evaluated on certified reference material SLEW-2.     

Synthesis of AS1411-Aptamer-Conjugated CdTe Quantum Dots with High Fluorescence Strength for Probe Labeling Tumor Cells

In this paper, we report microwave-assisted, one-stage synthesis of high-quality functionalized water-soluble cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs). By selecting sodium tellurite as the Te source, cadmium chloride as the Cd source, mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) as the capping agent, and a borate-acetic acid buffer solution with a pH range of 5–8, CdTe nanocrystals with four colors (blue to orange) were conveniently prepared at 100 °C under microwave irradiation in less than one hour (reaction time: 10–60 min). The influence of parameters such as the pH, Cd:Te molar ratio, and reaction time on the emission range and quantum yield percentage (QY%) was investigated. The structures and compositions of the prepared CdTe QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selective area electron diffraction, and X-ray powder diffraction experiments. The formation mechanism of the QDs is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, AS1141-aptamer-conjugated CdTe QDs in the U87MG glioblastoma cell line were assessed with a fluorescence microscope. The obtained results showed that the best conditions for obtaining a high QY of approximately 87 % are a pH of 6, a Cd:Te molar ratio of 5:1, and a 30-min reaction time at 100 °C under microwave irradiation. The results showed that AS1141-aptamer-conjugated CdTe QDs could enter tumor cells efficiently. It could be concluded that a facile high-fluorescence-strength QD conjugated with a DNA aptamer, AS1411, which can recognize the extracellular matrix protein nucleolin, can specifically target U87MG human glioblastoma cells. The qualified AS1411-aptamer-conjugated QDs prepared in this study showed excellent capabilities as nanoprobes for cancer targeting and molecular imaging.     

荧光素汞荧光熄灭法测定海带中微量碘

本文研究表明，在pH=6.0-11的磷酸协缓冲溶液中，碘离子对荧光素汞的荧光具有熄灭作用，据此建立了碘离子的荧光熄灭测定新方法。碘离子浓度在0．0768－4．365μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系，检出限为0．038μg/mL。该方法操作简单，灵敏度高，选择性好，可用于海带中碘含量的测定。     

吖啶橙-罗丹明B荧光共振能量转移猝灭法测定砷

研究了利用吖啶橙(AO)-罗丹明B(RB)共振能量转移荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷的方法。在λ_ex/λ_em=470/580 nm,0.016 mol·L-1 H₂SO₄溶液中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)存在下,吖啶橙-罗丹明B能够发生有效的能量转移,使罗丹明B的荧光强度大大增强;在酸性条件下,砷与钼酸铵生成砷钼杂多酸使能量转移体系罗丹明B的荧光猝灭。利用吖啶橙-罗丹明B能量转移荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷,砷在0.01～0.25 mg·L-1范围内与罗丹明B荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线形关系,方法检出限为2.56 μg·L-1。该方法用于茶叶中痕量砷的测定,相对标准偏差为0.48%～0.64%,回收率为98%～103%,结果满意。     

碳量子点荧光猝灭法测定饮料中日落黄

以柠檬酸为碳源制备碳量子点(CQDs),所得碳量子点被394 nm的光激发后在484 nm处有较强的荧光发射,最大吸收波长为482 nm的日落黄能强烈猝灭碳量子点的荧光。基于该现象,发展了一种以碳量子点为荧光探针测定日落黄的分析方法,并探讨了荧光猝灭机理。在选定的实验条件下,该分析方法的线性检测范围为0.1~100μmol/L,检出限(3σ/k)为0.051μmol/L。     

种荧光光谱法和PSO-BP神经网络相结合的山梨酸钾浓度测定的新方法

研究了山梨酸钾在水溶液和橙汁中的荧光特性,结果表明在两种溶液中山梨酸钾的荧光特性虽然有很大的区别,但是它们的荧光特征峰都存在于λ_ex/λ_em=375/490 nm。从二维荧光光谱可以看出,橙汁中山梨酸钾的浓度和相对荧光强度关系错综复杂,两者不再满足线性关系。为了准确测定橙汁中山梨酸钾的浓度,提出了一种微粒群(PSO)算法优化的误差逆向传播(BP)神经网络的新方法。两组预测浓度的相对误差分别为1.83%和1.53%,预测结果表明该方法具有可行性。在浓度范围为0.1~2.0 g·L-1内,PSO-BP神经网络能够完成橙汁中梨酸钾浓度的准确测定。     

A Series of Carbazole Cationic Compounds with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections for Imaging Mitochondria in Living Cells with Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy

A series of carbazole cationic compounds based on donor- Π—acceptor (D-Π-A) structure were synthesized and characterized. They exhibit large two-photon absorption cross sections when excited by a 810 nm a laser beam, and their photophysical properties show that the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character is predominant. Moreover these compounds can easily pass though the intact cell membrane of living cells, amongst, 3-(1-hydroxyethyl -4-vinylpyridium iodine)-N-butyl carbazole (9B-HVC) has been proven to be capable of accumulating within the mitochondria possessing large membrane potential and imaging this organelle in living cells by means of two-photon fluorescence microscopy. At the same time usable fluorescent photos can be obtained at lower incident excitation power (5 mW) and low-micromolar concentrations (2 μM), which does not result in significant reduction in cell viability over a period of at least 24 h.     

Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity by a New Spectrofluorometric Method Based on Ce(IV) Reduction: Ce(III) Fluorescence Probe for CERAC Assay

A Ce(IV)-based reducing capacity (CERAC) assay was developed to measure the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of foods, in which Ce(IV) would selectively oxidize antioxidant compounds but not citric acid and reducing sugars which are not classified as antioxidants. The method is based on the electron-transfer (ET) reaction between Ce(IV) ion and antioxidants in optimized acidic sulphate medium (i.e., 0.3 M H₂SO₄ and 0.7 M Na₂SO₄) and subsequent determination of the produced Ce(III) ions by a fluorometric method. The fluorescent product, Ce(III), exhibited strong fluorescence at 360 nm with an excitation wavelength of 256 nm, the fluorescence intensity being correlated to antioxidant power of the original sample. The linear concentration range for most antioxidants was quite wide, e.g., 5.0 × 10⁻⁷–1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M for quercetin. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the TAC assay of antioxidant compounds such as trolox, quercetin, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, catechin, naringin, naringenin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, glutathione, and cysteine. The proposed method was reproducible, additive in terms of TAC values of constituents of complex mixtures, and the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC coefficients) of the tested antioxidant compounds gave good correlations with those found by reference methods such as ABTS and CUPRAC.     

罗丹明B荧光猝灭法测定水中痕量亚氯酸根

在有KI存在的乙酸钠-HCl酸性缓冲溶液中,用520 nm光激发罗丹明B(RhB),在580 nm处有一个荧光峰。当有亚氯酸根(ClO-2)存在时,罗丹明B荧光峰发生猝灭。亚氯酸根浓度在0.021 8～0.51 μg·mL-1范围内与荧光猝灭强度成线性关系,据此建立了一个简便灵敏的亚氯酸根荧光分析新方法,用于测定合成水样中(ClO-₂)的分析,结果令人满意。     

Meso-5,10,15,20-四(4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉荧光熄灭法测定铅

基于铅对荧光试剂 Meso- 5 ,10 ,15 ,2 0 -四 (4 -甲氧基苯基 )卟啉 (TMOPP)的荧光熄灭 ,建立了测定微量铅的荧光分析方法。在 p H9.5的 Tris- HCl缓冲体系中 ,最大激发波长和发射波长分别为 4 2 4 nm和6 5 7nm,测定铅浓度的线性范围为 5 .5 0× 10 -7— 7.5 0× 10 -5mol/ L,检出限为 8.5 0× 10 -8mol/ L。用于环境水样中铅含量的分析 ,结果满意。