Mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element method for convection diffusion equations

A mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element scheme for secondorder convection diffusion problems is constructed and analyzed. Order of the equation is lowered by the mixed finite element method. The low order equation is discretized with a space-time finite element method, continuous in space but discontinuous in time. Stability, existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximate solutions are proved. Numerical results are presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method.     

A control volume finite element method for three-dimensional three-phase flows

A novel control volume finite element method with adaptive anisotropic unstructured meshes is presented for three-dimensional three-phase flows with interfacial tension. The numerical framework consists of a mixed control volume and finite element formulation with a new P₁DG-P₂ elements (linear discontinuous velocity between elements and quadratic continuous pressure between elements). A “volume of fluid” type method is used for the interface capturing, which is based on compressive control volume advection and second-order finite element methods. A force-balanced continuum surface force model is employed for the interfacial tension on unstructured meshes. The interfacial tension coefficient decomposition method is also used to deal with interfacial tension pairings between different phases. Numerical examples of benchmark tests and the dynamics of three-dimensional three-phase rising bubble, and droplet impact are presented. The results are compared with the analytical solutions and previously published experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the present method.     

Finite volume element methods for nonequilibrium radiation diffusion equations

Nonequilibrium radiation diffusion problems are described by the coupled radiation diffusion and material conduction equations. Because of the highly nonlinear, strong discontinuous, and tightly coupled phenomena, solving this kind of problems is a challenge. We construct two finite volume element schemes for the equations. One of them is monotone on many kinds of meshes, which is proved theoretically and verified by numerical tests. The other one is hard to satisfy the monotonicity, but this defect can be corrected by different repair techniques. Numerical results show that these new methods are practical and efficient on distorted meshes.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An effective way to couple FEM meshes and Peridynamics grids for the solution of static equilibrium problems

Peridynamics is a continuum theory based on a non-local approach and capable of dealing with discontinuous displacement fields. The paper presents a technique to couple Peridynamic grids and finite element meshes to solve static equilibrium problems. The domain is divided in two zones: one discretized by the Peridynamic grid and the other where the Finite Element Method is applied. The coupling is achieved by considering that Peridynamics bonds act only on Peridynamic nodes, whereas finite elements apply forces only on finite element nodes. The proposed method was applied to study 1D and 2D examples. No problem in the zone of the structure where the two approaches are merged is observed. The results show that the coupling method is very effective and its simplicity suggests it can be easily introduced in commercial finite element codes.     

An Improved Computational Strategy to Estimate Residual Stresses from Crack Compliance Data

The successive cracking (crack compliance) method is a destructive technique aimed at determination of residual stresses in various structural members. The laboratory measurements performed during extension of a crack are followed by a computational analysis. We propose a modification of the numerical approach in order to simplify the method and improve its accuracy. The basic idea of the proposed modification is to approximate plastic strains rather than the residual stresses directly. Furthermore, we use the goal oriented adaptive finite element method that generates optimal meshes for evaluation of strains at specific points.     

A finite element method for the one‐dimensional extended Boussinesq equations

A new finite element method for Nwogu's (O. Nwogu, ASCE J. Waterw., Port, Coast., Ocean Eng., 119 , 618–638 (1993)) one‐dimensional extended Boussinesq equations is presented using a linear element spatial discretisation method coupled with a sophisticated adaptive time integration package. The accuracy of the scheme is compared to that of an existing finite difference method (G. Wei and J.T. Kirby, ASCE J. Waterw., Port, Coast., Ocean Eng., 121 , 251–261 (1995)) by considering the truncation error at a node. Numerical tests with solitary and regular waves propagating in variable depth environments are compared with theoretical and experimental data. The accuracy of the results confirms the analytical prediction and shows that the new approach competes well with existing finite difference methods. The finite element formulation is shown to enable the method to be extended to irregular meshes in one dimension and has the potential to allow for extension to the important practical case of unstructured triangular meshes in two dimensions. This latter case is discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H 1 space-time discontinuous finite element method for convection-diffusion equations

An H~1 space-time discontinuous Galerkin (STDG) scheme for convectiondiffusion equations in one spatial dimension is constructed and analyzed. This method is formulated by combining the H~1 Galerkin method and the space-time discontinuous finite element method that is discontinuous in time and continuous in space. The existence and the uniqueness of the approximate solution are proved. The convergence of the scheme is analyzed by using the techniques in the finite difference and finite element methods. An optimal a-priori error estimate in the L~∞ (H~1 ) norm is derived. The numerical exper- iments are presented to verify the theoretical results.     

多边形有限元研究进展

有限元法是数值求解偏微分方程边值问题的重要方法,采用不规则多边形单元网格, 可以方便有效地模拟材料的力学性能, 又使得区域网格剖分变得灵活方便. 特别是对于复杂的几何形状, 多边形单元网格具有更大的优势. 本文对国内外有关多边形有限元法的最新进展作了初步的总结和评述, 主要以基于位移法的多边形有限元为主.论述了多边形有限元的发展历史, 给出了多边形单元上的Wachspress插值、Laplace插值和重心坐标的一些最新研究成果. 与经典有限元法形函数为多项式形式不同, 多边形单元的形函数为有理函数或者无理函数形式. 多边形单元插值形函数满足线性完备性, 可以再现线性位移场, 像经典有限元法一样直接施加本质边界条件; 插值函数在多边形的边界上是线性的,确保不同单元间的自动协调. 不同单元的插值形函数表达公式形式统一, 方便混合单元网格计算的程序编写. 提出了多边形有限元法今后需要研究的问题.      

Developing a unified FVE‐ALE approach to solve unsteady fluid flow with moving boundaries

In this study, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach is incorporated with a mixed finite‐volume–element (FVE) method to establish a novel moving boundary method for simulating unsteady incompressible flow on non‐stationary meshes. The method collects the advantages of both finite‐volume and finite‐element (FE) methods as well as the ALE approach in a unified algorithm. In this regard, the convection terms are treated at the cell faces using a physical‐influence upwinding scheme, while the diffusion terms are treated using bilinear FE shape functions. On the other hand, the performance of ALE approach is improved by using the Laplace method to improve the hybrid grids, involving triangular and quadrilateral elements, either partially or entirely. The use of hybrid FE grids facilitates this achievement. To show the robustness of the unified algorithm, we examine both the first‐ and the second‐order temporal stencils. The accuracy and performance of the extended method are evaluated via simulating the unsteady flow fields around a fixed cylinder, a transversely oscillating cylinder, and in a channel with an indented wall. The numerical results presented demonstrate significant accuracy benefits for the new hybrid method on coarse meshes and where large time steps are taken. Of importance, the current method yields the second‐order temporal accuracy when the second‐order stencil is used to discretize the unsteady terms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于非结构网格的TTGC有限元格式的实现及在超声速流动中的应用

基于非结构网格系统,实现了时空三阶精度的TTGC有限元格式,并在三阶TTGC格式上发展了基于人工粘性的激波捕捉技术。在非结构网格下,采用这种方法对若干典型的超声速流动问题(SOD激波管、马赫数为3的前台阶流动以及马赫数为8的高超声速圆柱流动)进行了验证计算。结果表明,TTGC格式分辨率高,在粗糙网格下能够准确的模拟超声速流场中的激波、接触间断等复杂流动现象,并且能有效的控制间断附近的数值色散现象。与传统的有限体积方法相比,本文实现的TTGC有限元格式在模拟超声速流动问题方面具有格式精度高、数值耗散小等优点。     

近场动力学与有限元方法耦合求解热传导问题

求解含裂纹等不连续问题一直是计算力学的重点研究课题之一,以偏微分方程为基础的连续介质力学方法处理不连续问题时面临很大的困难. 近场动力学方法是一种基于积分方程的非局部理论,在处理不连续问题时有很大的优越性. 本文提出了求解含裂纹热传导问题的一种新的近场动力学与有限元法的耦合方法. 结合近场动力学方法处理不连续问题的优势以及有限元方法计算效率高的优势,将求解区域划分为两个区域,近场动力学区域和有限元区域. 包含裂纹的区域采用近场动力学方法建模,其他区域采用有限元方法建模. 本文提出的耦合方案实施简单方便,近场动力学区域与有限元区域之间不需要设置重叠区域. 耦合方法通过近场动力学粒子与其域内所有粒子(包括近场动力学粒子和有限元节点)以非局部方式连接,有限元节点与其周围的所有粒子以有限元方式相互作用. 将有限元热传导矩阵和近场动力学粒子相互作用矩阵写入同一整体热传导矩阵中,并采用Guyan缩聚法进一步减小计算量. 分别采用连续介质力学方法和近场动力学方法对一维以及二维温度场算例进行模拟,结果表明,本文的耦合方法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率. 该耦合方案可以进一步拓展到热力耦合条件下含裂纹材料和结构的裂纹扩展问题.      

热冲击作用下层合皮肤组织热传导过程数值模拟

在急剧温度变化等强间断温度冲击作用下的生物层合组织非傅里叶热传导分析中,经典时域连续有限元方法(如Newmark等方法)会在波阵面以后的和层合组织界面附近的区域表现出强烈的数值振荡。这类数值振荡会影响问题求解精度,并带来较大不确定性。针对这类现象,本文发展了改进时域间断Galerkin有限元方法,进一步开展了相关问题的数值模拟。其控制方程的基本未知数(温度)及其时间导数在指定时间间隔内假设存在间断且独立插值。在有限元离散列式中引入比例刚度阵人工阻尼,以成功消除波前位置的虚假数值振荡行为。通过算例对比分析,相比Newmark方法和传统间断Galerkin方法,所提出的改进时域间断Galerkin有限元方法较好消除了波前、波后以及组织界面处的数值振荡,有效捕捉了波阵面的间断行为,提高了计算的精度。     

一种曲折裂纹尖端单元位移场的构造方法

在扩展有限元的框架内,本文发展了一种构造裂尖单元位移场的方法。整个裂纹沿程两侧的非连续位移场只通过富集变换的阶梯函数表征,在裂尖单元,通过调整形函数使得非连续性严格地消失于裂纹尖端。在避免混合区单元引入不满足单位分解的附加位移项的同时,实现了裂纹尖端单元位移场部分非连续特性的表达。还对裂尖单元的形函数调整原则进行了分析,以平面四节点单元为例提出了两种调整方式。文中裂尖单元中含有曲折裂纹的算例说明了本文方法的有效性和适用性。     

A finite element simulator for incompressible two-phase flow

This paper describes a finite element simulator for incompressible two-phase flow. This simulator is based on numerical techniques which are novel to the field of reservoir simulation. It uses irregular meshes, discontinuous high-order finite elements for the approximation of saturations (including Riemann solvers and slope limiters), and the mixed-hybrid formulation of mixed finite elements for an efficient and precise approximation of pressures and velocities. Each injection or production well is simulated by a few one-dimensional implicit models arranged to form a macroelement. This simulator is able to handle gravity, capillary pressures, porosity and permeability (both absolute and relative), and heterogeneity. Numerical results are shown which illustrate the capabilities of the code.     

Stabilized finite‐element computation of compressible flow with linear and quadratic interpolation functions

The unsteady compressible flow equations are solved using a stabilized finite‐element formulation with C⁰ elements. In 2D, the performance of three‐noded linear and six‐noded quadratic triangular elements is compared. In 3D, the relative performance is evaluated for 6‐noded linear and 18‐noded quadratic wedge elements. Results are compared for the solutions to Euler, laminar, and turbulent flows at different Mach numbers for several flow problems. The finite‐element meshes considered for comparison have same location of nodes for the linear and quadratic interpolations. For the turbulent flow, the Spalart–Allmaras model is used for closure. It is found that the quadratic elements yield better performance than the linear elements. This is attributed to accurate representation of the stabilization terms that involve second‐order derivatives in the formulation. When these terms are dropped from the formulation with quadratic interpolation, the numerical results are similar to those obtained with linear interpolation. The absence of these terms result in added numerical diffusion that seems to give the effect of a relatively reduced Reynolds number. For the same location of nodes, the computations with the linear triangular and wedge elements are approximately 20% and 100% faster than those with quadratic triangular and wedge elements, respectively. However, if the same quadrature rule for numerical integration is used for both interpolations, the computations with quadratic elements are approximately 20% and 45% faster in 2D and 3D, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

可压缩多介质流动的间断有限元方法

采用间断有限元方法、LS方法和通量装配技术相结合,建立了一种计算可压缩多介质流动的有效 方法。计算中以光滑Heavside函数构造流体比热比和重新初始化方程中的符号距离函数,并采用通量装配 技术抑制界面附近的非物理振荡。为解决可压缩多介质流动提供一种新的手段。     

Local mesh adaptation technique for front tracking problems

A numerical model is developed for the simulation of moving interfaces in viscous incompressible flows. The model is based on the finite element method with a pseudo-concentration technique to track the front. Since a Eulerian approach is chosen, the interface is advected by the flow through a fixed mesh. Therefore, material discontinuity across the interface cannot be described accurately. To remedy this problem, the model has been supplemented with a local mesh adaptation technique. This latter consists in updating the mesh at each time step to the interface position, such that element boundaries lie along the front. It has been implemented for unstructured triangular finite element meshes. The outcome of this technique is that it allows an accurate treatment of material discontinuity across the interface and, if necessary, a modelling of interface phenomena such as surface tension by using specific boundary elements. For illustration, two examples are computed and presented in this paper: the broken dam problem and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Good agreement has been obtained in the comparison of the numerical results with theory or available experimental data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New mixed plate-bending elements with shear strain interpolations

This paper is concerned with two mixed plate-bending elements with shear strain interpolations, a quadrilateral element and an 8-node serendipity-type element based on discussions on the element proposed in Ref.[1]. The shear strains and inner-forces in the natural coordinates are interpolated in an element and then transformed into Cartesian coordinates in accordance with covariant and contravariant tensor transformations, respectively. The quadrilateral element coincides with the element in Ref.[1] when it is rectangular. Numerical examples show that the two new elements are free from shear locking and spurious kinematic modes under regular and irregular meshes and have the advantages of being insensitive to element distortion and able to give fairly accurate results.The Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

空间各向异性弹性问题的八节点理性单元

常规单元的插值函数通常仅考虑单元的几何形状与节点位置,而忽略了反映物理问题关键特性的物性参数,从而降低了其数值分析的效果。相反,理性有限元法是取问题微分控制方程的多项式基本解作为单元内的插值函数,其所形成的刚度阵与问题的物性参数紧密相关,因此它避免了常规有限元法对物理问题和数学问题的割裂,可显著提高数值分析的稳定性和精度。本文利用空间各向异性问题的基本解,构造出满足分片实验要求的八节点理性块体单元。数值算例表明,本文给出的理性单元不仅具有较高的求解精度,而且具有良好的数值稳定性,尤其是对较为畸形的单元反应不敏感。     

Conservative monotone streamline upwind formulation using simplex elements

A streamline upwind formulation is presented for the treatment of the advection terms in the general transport equation. The formulation is monotone and conservative and is based on the discontinuous nature of the advection mechanism. The results of there benchmark test cases for the full range of flow Peclet numbers are presented. The new formulation is shown to accurately model the advection phenomenon with significantly smaller numerical diffusion than the existing methods. The results are also free of all spatial oscillations. Considerable savings in computer storage and execution time have been achieved by employing the three-noded triangular element for which exact integrations exist. The formulation is straightforward and can be readily incorporated into any finite element code using the conventional Galerkin approach.