固体吸附式制冷中热波循环的分析研究

1引言由Tehernev博士和S．V．Shelton教授提出的热波循环，是吸附式制冷中引起广泛兴趣的一种循环方式。其特点是高效回热，Shelton采用斜波法［‘］和方波法［‘］分析了热波循环，回热率达70％，热泵工况COP超过1．6。其它学者作了改进研究［‘并热波循环的模拟效果很好，但实验方面进展相当缓慢。采用螺旋板式换热器作吸附器，也发现热波循环的运行效果很不理想问。目前，相关的文献主要是系统模拟，而对其关键，热波的形成、特性研究较少。另外，研究侧重于系统性能（COP），对能量密度（SPD）考虑较少。本文将从传热的角度分析热…     

连续回热型吸附式制冷机的改进及运行实验

1引言吸附式制冷的循环类型有基本型、连续型、连续回热型、热波型、对流热波型山。目前真正成功的样机只有基本型、连续型和连续回热型，对热波型和对流热波型的研究主要是理论模拟性的，近来我们的热波型样机和理论分析的研究结果表明要实现假想的条件是十分困难的[1-2]除非大幅度减小热／冷媒流体的流量以减小能量密度为代价问。我们已研制了一台热波型活性炭一甲醇吸附式制冷机[2]（采用螺旋板式吸附器），96年针对热波型样机的问题作了全面的热力循环回路的改造，实现了日制冰13余公斤的成效[4],经进一步改进97年又达到了日制冰30余公…     

热漏、内不可逆性和导热规律对制冷机最优性能的影响

１引言有限时间热力学研究制冷循环性能已取得了一批成果。已发表了热阻加热漏模型［１－４］、热阻加内不可逆模型问研究各种损失对卡诺循环性能的影响。本文作者用一常数项ｑ表示热漏流率,用常系数表示热阻和热漏外的其余内不可逆性,建立了一类广义不可逆制冷机模型［６－７］,并分析了牛顿传热定律下的最优性能。本文将基于此模型和较为普遍的导热规律,导出制冷机的制冷率、制冷系数最佳特性关系。２广义不可逆卡诺制冷机及其最优性能考虑一类工作在两个恒温热源之间的定常态流卡诺制冷机,循环中存在热阻、热漏和其它内不可逆性［６…     

导热高分子/沸石复合物强化固体吸附热传导性能的研究

１引言固体吸附式热泵是一种以热能为动力的能量转换装置,在强调环境保护,避免破坏臭氧层的当前,吸附式热泵作为一种替代氯氟烃的制冷供热系统,吸引了众多的研究者。但在研究进程中,各国研究者们遇到的共同问题是其固体吸附床传热传质速度太慢,从而引起吸附式热泵循环周期长,能量转换效率低。造成这种现象的主要原因是目前吸附床所采用的粉末多孔无机介质（沸石）的导热系数较低。为提高吸附剂的导热性能,意大利Ｃａｃｃｉｏｌａ［１］等人在吸附剂颗粒中加入铝粉或铁粉,但由于是物理混合,加入量较小,不能形成高导热的连续相,总…     

热电制冷机性能分析与实验验证

1引言用有限时间热力学1‘－‘］分析热电制冷单元的最优性能已取得了一些成果［3－‘l。实际的热电制冷机往往由很多个制冷单元组成,是多热电堆制冷机。本文分析由任意个热电单元组成的制冷机性能,导出考虑传热不可逆性、焦耳效应、内部导热效应时的制冷率、制冷系数与...     

基于沸石和活性炭的二级吸附式制冷循环系统

二级吸附式制冷循环是降低吸附式制冷机驱动热源温度的有效措施,但是存在传质性能下降的问题。通过一级、二级循环吸附剂循环吸附量分析发现,不同循环采用不同吸附剂,可充分挖掘不同吸附剂吸附性能潜力,能够解决二级吸附式制冷循环系统采用单一吸附剂造成传质恶化的局面。本文选择沸石FAM-Z01、活性炭分别为一级、二级循环对应的吸附剂,建立不同吸附剂二级吸附式制冷循环系统,并开展系统性能研究。     

R22-DMA热力学性质及吸收压缩式热泵系统优化

1引言吸收压缩式（SC）热泵是一种适用于变温热源的高效复合式热泵系统，比常规压缩式热泵具有工作范围广，工作压力低以及较高COP值等特点。文献出对以R22－DMA为工质的SC热泵进行了实验研究。本文则对新型工质R22－DMA的热力学性质进行研究整理，给出计算二元系统的蒸汽压、烩、摘等的实用公式；并对以其为工质的一种新型SC热泵循环进行计算机模拟优化分析，给出了实际SC热泵在典型制冷工况下的制冷性能及其优化条件。2R22－DMA的热力学性质2．1汽波相平衡R22－DMA二元系统的汽液相平衡实验数据较缺乏，文献［2］给出部分温度…     

吸附-吸收复叠式多效制冷循环研究

本文提出一种以吸附式制冷单元为高温级、以双效溴化锂吸收式制冷单元为低温级的复叠式多效制冷循环.通过热能在系统中的分级与多效利用,可提高制冷系统COP.在该循环中,吸附式单元工质对的温度高于200℃时,也不会产生腐蚀作用,因而是一种工艺上易于实现的新型制冷循环.     

采用复合吸附剂多功效热管型吸附制冷机

设计制造了一台采用复合吸附剂(氯化钙和活性炭)-氨工作对的双床多功效热管型吸附制冷机,并进行了大量实验,获得了新型热管型吸附制冷系统的制冷特性。本系统分别采用丙酮或水为热管工作液,以加热器加热来模拟渔船余热加热。实验得出渔船制冰工况和船舶空调工况下的单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率SCP和制冷系统COP。结果显示水热管工质更适合于船舶余热应用。     

多路旁通脉冲管制冷机动态实验机理研究

1前言脉管制冷机无常规回热式制冷机中的冷腔运动部件，从根本上解决了冷腔振动、磨损等问题，具有结构简单、冷腔振动小、运转可靠、寿命长等优势，有着巨大的应用潜力［‘－‘］。目前，已引起世界各国的广泛重视，成为小型低温技术中一大研究热门。在经历了基本型、小孔型、双向进气型和双活塞型等重大革新后，最新资料表明脉管制冷机的制冷能力和效率已经接近Stirling和G－M制冷机。为了进一步提高了脉冲管制冷能力，1992年周远等提出了多路旁通脉管制冷方式。文献＊验证了中间旁通的效果，制作的单级脉冲管制冷机获得了23．SK的低温…     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.