N1苯环醚键链接菲并咪唑类材料的制备及表征

在菲并咪唑(PI)类分子结构-性能研究的基础上, 保持C2苯环取代基不变, 在N1苯环处通过醚键偶联2个1,2-二苯基菲并咪唑(PPI)得到化合物ONBPPI结构, 并采用核磁共振波谱对其化学结构进行了确认. 对PPI及ONBPPI的热失重和差热扫描分析结果表明, 分子量的增加明显强化了分子的热学性能; 原子力显微镜扫描显示, ONBPPI在热退火过程中具有更好的热学薄膜稳定性. 单分子荧光光谱分析显示, PPI和ONBPPI的跃迁过程基本相似; 聚集态下, 醚键效应导致荧光光谱主峰位蓝移, 虽然在低能量处出现了光谱展宽现象, 但未影响到化合物固态蓝光的色纯度. 这些结果说明N1苯环醚键取代可在基本保持单臂PPI类结构光学性质的前提下, 实现热学、 形态学及其它功能的显著提高.     

香豆素-咪唑类荧光染料的设计与研究

合成了不同给电子取代基(羟基、丁氧基、二乙基氨基等)的菲并[9,10-d]咪唑(CA1~CA6)或4,5-二苯基咪唑(CB1~CB6)修饰的香豆素衍生物,初步考察了它们的溶液发光和固体发光现象.研究表明,当香豆素取代基为氨基时,化合物在二氯甲烷中的荧光较强,而羟基取代、丁氧基取代或者无取代的衍生物在二氯甲烷中的荧光都很弱,而菲并[9,10-d]咪唑修饰的衍生物CA1~CA5的溶液荧光要比4,5-二苯基取代咪唑修饰的衍生物CB1~CB5的溶液强.另外,染料分子的分子内氢键强度及咪唑基-香豆素环间二面角大小都会对染料分子的发光性能产生影响.     

苯并咪唑苯并异喹啉酮及其衍生物的电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函、含时密度泛函和单激发组态相互作用(CIS)方法研究了苯并咪唑苯并异喹啉酮(1)及其衍生物的电子结构特性和光谱性质,并用极化连续模型考虑了溶剂的影响.结果表明,化合物1及其衍生物的吸收和荧光发射过程的电子垂直跃迁是由于分子内的电荷迁移.化合物1中取代基的位置及给吸电子能力影响其HOMO-LUMO能隙和电荷迁移量.在分子中引入吸电子和给电子取代基,均使最大吸收波长和最大荧光发射波长红移,计算的结果与实验结果吻合得较好.     

4-（1，2-二苯基）乙烯基-4＇-（NN-二苯基-4-乙烯基苯胺基）联苯及其二氟取代衍生物的电子结构与光谱性质

分别采用B3LYP／6—31G（d）和CIS／6—31G（d）方法对4－（1,2－二苯基）乙烯基－4’－（N,N-二苯基－4－乙烯基苯胺基）联苯（A）及其二氟取代衍生物（B—F）的基态（S0）和单重激发态（S1）的几何构型进行了全优化,计算获得了电离势IP、电子亲和势EA等相关数据,并采用含时密度泛函（TD—DPT）方法计算了上述化合物的电子吸收和荧光发射光谱．研究结果表明,化合物A及二氟取代衍生物B—F在469-474nm蓝光区域主发射峰的强度远远大于372—387nm范围的次发射峰,说明此类化合物具有纯度较高的发射光谱;主链苯环上的二氟取代（B,C和D）使最低空轨道（LUMO）能级明显降低,有利于提高电子注入;芳胺基苯环上的二氟取代（D和E）使分子最高占据轨道（HOMO）能级明显降低,电离势增加,能隙变大,有利于抑制空穴越过发光层向电子传输层输运,减少界面处激基复合物的形成,同时起到光谱蓝移的效果;既是主链苯环上也是芳胺基苯环上的二氟取代衍生物D更有利于平衡电子－空穴的注入,应该具有更加优良的发光性质．     

4-(1,2-二苯基)乙烯基-4’-(N,N-二苯基-4-乙烯基苯胺基)联苯及其二氟取代衍生物的电子结构与光谱性质

分别采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)和CIS/6-31G(d)方法对4-(1,2-二苯基)乙烯基-4’-(N,N-二苯基-4-乙烯基苯胺基)联苯(A)及其二氟取代衍生物(B-F)的基态(S0)和单重激发态(S1)的几何构型进行了全优化, 计算获得了电离势IP、电子亲和势EA等相关数据, 并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法计算了上述化合物的电子吸收和荧光发射光谱. 研究结果表明, 化合物A及二氟取代衍生物B-F在469-474 nm蓝光区域主发射峰的强度远远大于372-387 nm范围的次发射峰, 说明此类化合物具有纯度较高的发射光谱; 主链苯环上的二氟取代(B, C和D)使最低空轨道(LUMO)能级明显降低, 有利于提高电子注入; 芳胺基苯环上的二氟取代(D和E)使分子最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级明显降低, 电离势增加, 能隙变大, 有利于抑制空穴越过发光层向电子传输层输运, 减少界面处激基复合物的形成, 同时起到光谱蓝移的效果; 既是主链苯环上也是芳胺基苯环上的二氟取代衍生物D更有利于平衡电子-空穴的注入, 应该具有更加优良的发光性质.     

4-(1,2-二苯基)乙烯基-4'-(NSV-二苯基-4-乙烯基苯胺基)联苯及其二氟取代衍生物的电子结构与光谱性质

分别采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)和CIS/6-31G(d)方法对4-(1,2-二苯基)乙烯基-4'-(N,N-二苯基-4-乙烯基苯胺基)联苯(A)及其二氟取代衍生物(B-F)的基态(S0)和单重激发态(S1)的几何构型进行了全优化,计算获得了电离势IP、电子亲和势EA等相关数据,并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法计算了上述化合物的电子吸收和荧光发射光谱.研究结果表明,化合物A及二氟取代衍生物B-F在469-474 nm蓝光区域主发射峰的强度远远大于372-387 nm范围的次发射峰,说明此类化合物具有纯度较高的发射光谱;主链苯环上的二氟取代(B,C和D)使最低空轨道(LUMO)能级明显降低,有利于提高电子注入;芳胺基笨环上的二氟取代(D和E)使分子最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级明显降低,电离势增加,能隙变大,有利于抑制空穴越过发光层向电子传输层输运,减少界面处激基复合物的形成,同时起到光谱蓝移的效果;既是主链苯环上也是芳胺基苯环上的二氟取代衍生物D更有利于平衡电子-空穴的注入,应该具有更加优良的发光性质.     

含四苯基乙烯的炔酮衍生物的设计合成、聚集诱导发光性质及其对Pd2+的选择性荧光检测

聚集诱导发光（AIE）材料吸引了许多光电器件和生物荧光技术领域的科学家的关注.对聚集诱导发光化合物构效关系的深入理解对于设计新材料至关重要.在本工作中,基于经典的AIE基元四苯基乙烯,设计并合成了一系列具有AIE性质,含不同电子给体/受体取代基的炔酮衍生物.对这一系列化合物的光物理性质进行了系统研究并分别探讨了取代基团对发光波长、发光效率和AIE性质的影响.它们的聚集态最大发射波长位于511～565 nm,在四氢呋喃/水混合溶液中的荧光量子产率可达31%.在末端苯环上的电子给体/受体取代基团会降低聚集态的发光效率,而引入硝基取代基则会在发射波长红移的同时,显著猝灭荧光.最为重要的是,这些化合物结构中的炔酮基元可以在一系列金属离子中选择性地与Pd²⁺配位,猝灭纳米聚集体的发光,并有望作为一个有效的Pd²⁺荧光传感器.     

α-单取代吡啶盐的新方法合成及光化学反应研究

以α位单取代2,4,5-三苯基吡喃盐和取代伯胺为原料,一步合成出相应的α位单取代吡啶盐.在此基础上研究了α位单取代吡啶盐的光化学反应,成功合成出具有较高共平面结构的菲啶盐.通过测定吡啶盐和菲啶盐的荧光光谱发现,N位苯环上取代基供电性的增强使得吡啶盐荧光发射光谱发生明显的红移,荧光强度减弱,而菲啶盐由于分子共平面性增强极大提高了分子的荧光强度.     

单取代与1,1'-双取代1,2,3-三唑基二茂铁衍生物的光谱、电化学与热性质

合成并表征了一系列单取代及1,1'-双取代1,2,3-三唑基二茂铁衍生物.与单取代二茂铁衍生物相比,1,1'-双取代二茂铁衍生物具有较大的摩尔吸光系数.荧光光谱中,烷氧链的增加和氯原子的引入均使化合物的荧光强度减弱,量子产率降低.循环伏安实验中,代表化合物展示准可逆的单电子氧化还原进程,并且1,1'-双取代三唑基二茂铁衍生物的半波氧化还原电位较单取代化合物向阳极移动150 m V左右,表明前者难于发生失电子氧化反应.热性质研究表明,这些化合物的降解温度在285~305℃之间.含有单烷氧链的单取代二茂铁衍生物熔点较高,在加热过程中未熔解而是直接发生了降解反应;含有多烷氧链的化合物熔点降低,在加热和冷却过程中有的发生了单晶相的熔解和凝固过程,有的发生了多晶相到液相的转变.     

侧链取代的芴苯共聚物的光电性质及其溶剂化效应研究

采用Suzuki偶联聚合的方法合成了一系列化学结构明确、侧基性质(长度、体积、给/吸电子性质)不同的Hairy-Rod型芴苯共聚物. 通过光谱、电化学和模拟计算等手段研究了苯环上不同性质的侧基取代芴苯聚合物的发光性质、电化学性质和溶剂化效应等, 同时研究了侧基性质的变化对这些物理性质的影响规律. 苯环上烷基侧链长度的改变对取代共聚物的光谱、电化学和发光效率等影响很小|而随着苯环上烷氧基侧链长度的增加, 聚合物的光谱稳定性逐渐增强, 荧光发射光谱中的0-1转变逐渐被抑制, 荧光发射半峰宽减小. 苯环上取代侧基的给/吸电子性质变化对聚合物的光电性能具有全面的影响, 改变取代侧基的给/吸电子性质可调节芴苯共聚物的发光颜色和HOMO, LUMO能级以及HOMO-LUMO能隙等, 因此, 通过引入不同性质的侧基可实现对此类聚合物光物理性能的调控. 溶剂的极性对聚合物溶液的光谱性质具有显著影响, 溶液光谱随溶剂极性的增大逐渐向长波移动. 当聚合物本身带有强极性基团时, 在强极性溶剂中将发生聚合物分子链与溶剂分子间的强极性相互作用, 从而会引起更复杂的结果.     

Twisted Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole Derivatives as Non-doped Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices with Ultra-Deep Blue Emission and High Exciton Utilization Efficiency

Herein, two deep-blue emissive molecules ( SAF-PI and SAF-DPI ) are designed and synthesized using spiro[acridine-9,9’-fluorene] as a donor (D) substituted with 2-(3-methylphenyl)-1-phenyl-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole as an acceptor (A), forming twisted D−A and A−D−A structures, respectively. The photophysical studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both molecules exhibit hybridized local excited and charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics with deep blue emission color. They are effectively applied as non-doped emitters in OLEDs. Particularly, SAF-PI -based device achieves the high-definition television (HDTV) standard blue color emission peaked at 428 nm with CIE coordinate of (0.156, 0.053), a narrow full width at half maximum of 55 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 4.57% and an exciton utilization efficiency of 65%.     

The effects of the substitution on the imidazole ligand on the photochemical properties of fac-[Mn(CO)3(phen)(Imidazole)](SO3CF3) complexes

Photochemical and photophysical data are reported for a series of fac-[Mn(CO)(3)(phen)(Im-R)](SO(3)CF(3)) complexes, where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and Im is imidazole. Intraligand and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions are observed in the electronic absorption spectra of these complexes and are sensitive to the nature of the ligand substituent. At room temperature the emission spectra show a clear progression from broad structureless MLCT to highly structured pi-pi* emission on going from R = -H, -CH(3), -C(6)H(5), to -Metro, where Metro is 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. Even at low temperatures the latter complexes show only the pi-pi* emission. The trend in the photophysical properties found in the emission spectra parallels the changes in the photochemical properties with the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing power of the substituent on the imidazole ligand. Although MLCT irradiation of the complexes with R = -H, -CH(3) leads to the mer-[Mn(CO)(3)(phen)(Im-R)](+) isomers, the complexes with the imidazole ligand substituted by -C(6)H(5) or -Metro release the Im-R ligand and produce the stereoretentive fac-[Mn(CO)(3)(phen)(S)](+) complexes. The stereochemical fate and mechanistic implications of the photolysis reactions are discussed in terms of the nature of ligand substitution.     

A Novel trans‐1‐(9‐Anthryl)‐2‐phenylethene Derivative Containing a Phenanthroimidazole Unit for Application in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Aryl‐substituted phenanthroimidazoles (PIs) have attracted tremendous attention in the field of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), because they are simple to synthesize and have excellent thermal properties, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and bipolar properties. Herein, a novel blue–green emitting material, (E)‐2‐{4′‐[2‐(anthracen‐9‐yl)vinyl]‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl}‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (APE‐PPI), containing a t‐APE [1‐(9‐anthryl)‐2‐phenylethene] core and a PI moiety was designed and synthesized. Owing to the PI skeleton, APE‐PPI possesses high thermal stability and a high PLQY, and the compound exhibits bipolar transporting characteristics, which were identified by single‐carrier devices. Nondoped blue–green OLEDs with APE‐PPI as the emitting layer show emission at λ=508 nm, a full width at half maximum of 82 nm, a maximum brightness of 9042 cd m^?2, a maximum current efficiency of 2.14 cd A^?1, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.26, 0.55). Furthermore, a white OLED (WOLED) was fabricated by employing APE‐PPI as the blue–green emitting layer and 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(1,1,7,7‐tetramethyljulolidin‐4‐yl‐vinyl)‐4H‐pyran (DCJTB) doped in tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq₃) as the red–green emitting layer. This WOLED exhibited a maximum brightness of 10029 cd m^?2, a maximum current efficiency of 16.05 cd A^?1, CIE coordinates of (0.47, 0.47), and a color rendering index (CRI) of 85. The high performance of APE‐PPI‐based devices suggests that the t‐APE and PI combination can potentially be used to synthesize efficient electroluminescent materials for WOLEDs.     

Synthesis of new hetarylazoindole dyes from some 2-aminothiazole derivatives

A new series of heterocyclic disperse dyes were prepared by diazotization of some 2-aminothiazole derivatives and subsequent coupling with indole compounds. The dyes were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectra (LC-MS). Solvent effects on their visible absorption spectra were estimated. The color of the dyes is discussed with respect to the substituent therein. The effects of acids and bases on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes are also reported. Replacement of methyl group in the 4-position of the thiazole ring by phenyl group leads to red shift of the absorption maximum due to π-electron-donating properties of the phenyl group, while weak electron-withdrawing chlorine or bromine atom in the para-position of the phenyl group in the 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole fragment induce a small blue shift relative to 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives. Introduction of an electron-withdrawing 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl group into the thiazole ring produces bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum in all solvents. Published in Russian in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 592–599. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Studies in organic mass spectrometry. Part 9—mass spectra of 9,10-disubstituted 2,3,6,7-tetraalkoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracenes: A remarkable loss of radicals from even-electron ions

The electron impact-induced fragmentations of 23 9,10-disubstituted 2,3,6,7-tetraalkoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracenes, including six stereoisomeric pairs, were studied. The loss of the 9-(or 10-)substituent constitutes the main fragmentation route. The resulting ions give rise to a remarkable violation of the so-called ‘even-electron rule’ as they eject the second substituent at the 10-(or 9-)position as a radical. The latter aspect was particularly investigated with the aid of low-energy (nominal value 15 eV) and mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra.     

Effective manipulation of the electronic effects and its influence on the emission of 5-substituted tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum(III) complexes

The unique electron-transport and emissive properties of tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum(III) (Alq(3)) have resulted in extensive use of this material for small molecular organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication. So far, efforts to prepare stable and easy-to-process red/green/blue (RGB)-emitting Alq(3) derivatives have met with only a limited success. In this paper, we describe how the electronic nature of various substituents, projected via an arylethynyl or aryl spacer to the position of the highest HOMO density (C5), may be used for effective emission tuning to obtain blue-, green-, and red-emitting materials. The synthetic strategy consists of four different pathways for the attachment of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing aryl or arylethynyl substituents to the 5-position of the quinolinolate ring. Successful tuning of the emission color covering the whole visible spectrum (lambda=450-800 nm) was achieved. In addition, the photophysical properties of the luminophores were found to correlate with the Hammett constant of the respective substituents, providing a powerful strategy with which to predict the optical properties of new materials. We also demonstrate that the electronic nature of the substituent affects the emission properties of the resulting complex through effective modification of the HOMO levels of the quinolinolate ligand.     

Electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of some star-shaped truxene-oligofluorene compounds

We report electrochemical studies, spectroscopy, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of four monodisperse star-shaped truxene core-oligofluorene compounds (T1-T4). All oligomers produced stable radical anions and radical cations and showed blue ECL by ion annihilation with an intensity that could be seen with the naked eye. ECL spectra showed that all ECL emissions were at the same position as the fluorescence emission, except for T1, the compound with the shortest fluorene arms that produced some longer wavelength emission in addition to that seen in the fluorescence spectrum. When tetra-n-butylammonium oxalate was used as a coreactant for T1, the emission was much weaker than that in ion annihilation with the same long-wavelength emission observed, making it unlikely that this emission can be ascribed to excimer formation. The ECL intensity of T4 was about 80% of the common blue ECL emitter, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), under similar conditions.     

An exceptional red shift of emission maxima upon fluorine substitution

The effect of perfluorination on photophysical properties was investigated through synthesis and photophysical characterization of two isostructural donor-acceptor-donor dye molecules. The synthesis of two versatile fluorinated benzene compounds, 1,4-difluoro-2,5-diperfluorooctylbenzene (1) and 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluoro-3,6-diperfluorooctylbenzene (2), is presented. The X-ray structure of 2 has been determined and shows that the perfluorinated octyl chains segregate from the benzene rings in the solid state, giving rise to a layered structure. The further synthesis through Suzuki coupling reactions using 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid with (2) and 1,4-dibromo-2,5-dioctylbenzene (3) gave, respectively, 1,4' '-diformyl-2',5'-difluoro-3',6'-diperfluorooctyl-p-terphenylene (4) and 1,4' '-diformyl-2',5'-dioctyl-p-terphenylene (5). The condensation of the dialdehydes 4 and 5 with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and ammoniumbicarbonate in glacial acetic acid gave the dye molecules 1,4' '-bis(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-2',5'-difluoro-3',6'-diperfluorooctyl-p-terphenylene (6) and 1,4' '-bis(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-2',5'-dioctyl-p-terphenylene (7), respectively. The UV-vis spectra of the two molecules are nearly identical, whereas the fluorescence spectra are very different. Compound 7 shows blue fluorescence with little solvent dependence (lambda(emission) = 410 nm in THF, CH2Cl2, and hexane), whereas compound 6 shows a highly solvent-dependent emission wavelength (lambda(emission) = 583 nm in THF, lambda(emission) = 560 nm in CH2Cl2, and lambda(emission) = 450 nm in hexane). The fluorescence red shift of compound 6 in a series of solvents with different polarity is discussed using the Lippert-Mataga equation. Fluorescence lifetime and quantum yields were also determined. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was performed on thin films of compound 6 and 7 on a gold substrate. The observed ionization potential was 6.15 eV for 6 and 5.85 eV for 7" [correction].