基于温度测量法的光伏阵列失效组件监测系统的设计

为了解决光伏阵列电站中的光伏组件由于各种原因产生失效,不能及时发现、维护而导致较大的经济损失问题,提出了一种通过在PV组件接线盒上安装无线温度传感器,动态的监控旁路二极管温度间接监测失效组件的新方法,该方法能够在不影响光伏组件结构的情况下及时发现、定位光伏阵列中失效的光伏组件;文中对热斑效应形成和温度测量法的联系以及异常数据点的处理做了较为详细的阐述,设计了温度采集和无线传输系统的硬件电路,电路简单、可靠,成本低廉易于实现,采集精度符合设计要求;并编写了PC端的的监测系统的程序,通过对PV组件失效进行遮挡验证,结果表明基于温度测量法的光伏阵列失效组件监测系统检测结果可靠温度,易于使用。     

Instrumentation for multi-detector arrays

The new generation of detector arrays require complex instrumentation and data acquisition system to ensure increased reliability of operation, high degree of integration, software control and faster data handling capability. The main features of some of the existing multi-detector arrays like MSU 4π array, Gammasphere and Eurogam are summarized. The instrumentation for the proposed INGA array in India is discussed.     

基于超声相控阵的环焊缝缺陷检测方法研究

针对传统超声探头焦距固定,检测位置的改变就要更换相应焦距的探头而影响检测效率的问题,提出一种基于超声相控阵换能器的环焊缝缺陷检测方法。而超声相控阵具有电子偏转和电子聚焦特性,能在不移动的情况下发射偏转聚焦超声束,有效地解决了上述问题。首先基于超声相控线阵换能器的声场特点,采用数值分析方法,研究了影响声束偏转聚焦性能的几个主要参数。然后给出了与超声相控阵换能器相连接的多通道数据采集系统结构。介绍了单通道声信号的硬件结构及相应的信号处理方法,实现了对换能器中单个阵元的精确延时的控制。实验结果表明,优化设计的超声相控线阵换能器具有较高的检测精度和检测效率。     

基于DSP+FPGA的实时信号采集系统设计与实现

为了提高对实时信号采集的准确性和无偏性,提出一种基于DSP+FPGA的实时信号采集系统设计方案。系统采用4个换能器基阵并联组成信号采集阵列单元,对采集的原始信号通过模拟信号预处理机进行放大滤波处理,采用TMS32010DSP芯片作为信号处理器核心芯片实现实时信号采集和处理,包括信号频谱分析和目标信息模拟,由DSP控制D/A转换器进行数/模转换,通过FPGA实现数据存储,在PC机上实时显示采样数据和DSP处理结果。通过仿真实验进行性能测试,结果表明,该信号采集系统能有效实现实时信号采集和处理,抗干扰能力较强。     

Electro-optical granulometer for measurements of flowing particles

An electro-optical technique is described for the measurement of the size distribution of particles from 2.5 μm upwards, in a flow. The apparatus utilizes a white light source, a photodiode array and particle-sizing electronics. The data acquisition system is a multichannel analyser or a microcomputer. This device is an extension to the flow case of a previous device designed for static size analysis, and a critical comparison with size acquisition systems commercially available is given. Shape of particles and outline of waveform during particle detection are discussed.     

基于LabVIEW的连续变量相位检测系统

构造了一种连续变量相位检测平台.发射端采用相位调制器产生连续的相移,接收端使用零差探测器测量光场的正则相位,选用NI的高性能数据采集卡PCI6111E控制整个系统.使用LabVIEW虚拟仪器模块化编程技术,包括PID控制、DAQmx数据采集和三角拟合,缩短系统开发时间,提高编程效率.通过琼斯矩阵理论推导和实验验证了连续变量相位检测系统的可行性,结果表明零差探测器输出电压与相位调制器输入电压成余弦关系,为连续变量量子密钥分配研究提供了一种新方法.     

基于FPGA的红外焦平面信息获取系统设计

基于红外焦平面探测器的红外遥感技术是实现多通道和高空间分辨率的重要手段,而随着焦平面探测器中探测单元的增加探测数据也急剧增加,研究基于FPGA的高速并行处理技术对解决红外探测领域多通道高速信息获取有重要意义。以FPGA作为控制器件,设计了16通道,数字分辨率为16bit的ADC采集方案,实现对32×32元的红外焦平面探测器数据并行获取,并设计了数据宽度为16bit的数据输出接口,用来完成采样数据的上传功能。实验结果表明该方案设计简洁,数据上传速度控制灵活,可以满足焦平面探测器的信号获取与传输。     

水下目标激光探测系统中高速信号采集系统的设计

介绍了水下目标激光探测高速数据采集系统设计的技术难点,设计了一种基于高速CMOS模/数转换芯片和高性能StratixⅡFPGA高速数据采集芯片的水下激光信号实时采集与传输系统,信号采集速率可达1GHz。系统的适用性及可靠性在水下目标激光探测试验中得到了验证。     

EMCCD集成偏振-微光一体化成像技术研究

单一探测器实现多维度信息获取是光电探测未来的发展方向。针对目标探测中能量和偏振信息不能兼顾的问题,提出了一种同时具有偏振-微光功能的像元阵列结构。通过引入白光通道和精简偏振通道,可在EMCCD器件上实现偏振和微光探测的一体化集成。实验结果表明,在微光条件下,探测器高灵敏性能被保持,低照度下的成像质量几乎不衰减;偏振模式下,白光通道和两个偏振角度使探测器能够获得足够的偏振信息,实现对目标的偏振探测。该方法实现了高灵敏度成像探测和偏振信息探测的同步获取,是一种通过算法处理就能够实现探测模式可重构的新方法。     

A sixteen-channel multiplexing upgrade for single channel receivers

With the increasing interest in phased arrays in magnetic resonance imaging, imaging system receivers capable of acquiring larger number of parallel signals are needed. Suggested techniques for rapid imaging propose the use of arrays with as many as 128 elements. While simply duplicating the number of receiver chains as needed is a viable technique, it quickly becomes both cumbersome and expensive.Time domain multiplexing offers an alternative solution to this problem. By using RF multiplexing switches, a single receiver can be upgraded to an array receiver capable of multi-channel data acquisition giving users array capability. Additionally, it can be used to dramatically increase acquisition capability of multiple receiver systems.This paper reports results from a multiplexing system upgrade, which converts a single channel standard clinical imaging system to a 16-channel array system. The upgrade includes both the RF multiplexing front-end and an external data acquisition system with image processing capability. Issues concerning the implementation of high channel-count multiplexers are also discussed.     

The digital trigger system for the RED-100 detector

The system for forming a trigger for the liquid xenon detector RED-100 is developed. The trigger can be generated for all types of events that the detector needs for calibration and data acquisition, including the events with a single electron of ionization. In the system, a mechanism of event detection is implemented according to which the timestamp and event type are assigned to each event. The trigger system is required in the systems searching for rare events to select and keep only the necessary information from the ADC array. The specifications and implementation of the trigger unit which provides a high efficiency of response even to low-energy events are considered.     

多功能扫描质子核探针信号探测和数据获取系统

为了在一次扫描质子核探针实验中能获取多种物理信息,研制了多功能信号探测与数据获取系统。系统由组合探测器、多站多参量数据采集与束流扫描、样品台控制与显微观测三个子系统组成。组合探测器包括了Si(Li)X射线探测器,高纯Geγ射线探测器,以及Au(Si)面垒带电粒子探测器,可完成多种物理参数的同时获取。系统的核心数据采集与束流扫描系统基于NI公司的PXI-7852R数据采集卡和LabVIEW软件平台,具备了多个物理信号采集、多能谱显示以及束流扫描和二维成像等功能。六轴高精度真空样品台由计算机控制,可实现显微图像对样品的定位及对扫描区域的可视化选择。初步实验验证了该系统的可靠性与稳定性。     

面阵傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪高速采集系统设计与实现

同时或准同时多谱线太阳成像观测可以获得太阳大气三维磁场和热力学参数,是未来太阳观测焦面终端设备的重点发展方向。傅里叶光谱仪具有宽波段、高灵敏度、高光谱分辨率的优势,但因受限于高帧频、大面阵探测器制约,尚未用于太阳光谱成像常规观测。随着CMOS图像传感器技术迅猛发展,在可见光和近红外波段,探测器面阵大小和帧频相比传统CCD探测器有了质的提升,使得面阵傅里叶太阳光谱仪研制成为可能。通过引入高帧频面阵CMOS图像传感器,针对面阵傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪科学需求,设计了一套高速数据采集软硬件系统,实现了面阵傅里叶太阳光谱仪10 kHz高速触发,万帧/秒快速采集,0.5 GB·s-1大数据量连续、实时存储等功能。在此基础上,依托国家天文台怀柔太阳观测基地现有的IFS-125HR傅里叶变换光谱仪, 搭建可见光实验系统,以可见光色球谱线（Hα 656.3 nm）及其附近光球谱线为目标波长,开展面源太阳光谱探测。分别以实验室钨灯和太阳为光源,进行等光程差间隔采样,成功获得了面阵干涉图,首次反演得到面源窄带连续谱以及656.3 nm附近太阳色球和光球线。采用交叉定标方式,将得到的太阳光谱与美国国立太阳天文台NSO傅里叶变换光谱仪获得的标准光谱在同等分辨率下进行比较,结果基本一致,验证了新研制的面阵傅里叶太阳光谱仪高速数据采集系统性能及面阵傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪在太阳观测中的可行性。该研究为后续可见光宽波段面阵傅里叶太阳光谱仪的研制奠定了技术基础,同时为“用于太阳磁场精确测量的中红外观测系统”（AIMS）后续从线源扩展到面源观测积累了宝贵经验。     

Measurements of velocity and attenuation of leaky waves using an ultrasonic array

A new method of measuring velocity and attenuation of leaky surface waves is presented. A single focused transmitting transducer and linear receiving array in a pitch-catch arrangement are used in the proposed system. The spatial distribution of the acoustic field in the leaky wave is recorded by the array, and the parameters of the leaky wave can be obtained by processing the output waveforms. In comparison with existing material characterization systems, the mechanical scanning of the transducers is not used any more, and the measurement time is only limited by the time of the wave propagation and speed of the electronic data acquisition system.     

用基于DSP的线阵CCD实现二维图像信号采集的系统设计

对光电转换系统，尤其是采集信号的后处理进行了研究。介绍了在光电精密数据采集处理中通过DSP用硬件实现对CCD信号的采集和处理过程。给出了对CCD信号进行边缘识别的微分算法和将线阵CCD信号进行组合，恢复出二维图像信号的算法。同时还给出了详细的硬件处理电路。重点介绍了DSP与FIFO的数据传输、DSP与USB的接口电路。解决了一般情况下系统无法做到的用线阵CCD实现二维图像信号复原的问题。通过实验，证明了该方法的有效性。线阵CCD信号是以若干线段的形式存在的，特别适用于激光雕刻机图像采集系统，应用前景广阔。     

Design and implementation of a MEMS microphone array system for real-time speech acquisition

Despite many attractive features and the potential for capturing sound in challenging acoustic environments, arrays with a large number of microphones have for a long time been discarded as a practical solution for speech acquisition. This is, among other reasons, due to the high production and computational costs. Only a few realizations of large microphone array systems have been documented, mainly for research and instrumentation use. The advent of MEMS microphones and computationally powerful off-the-shelf hardware has created new possibilities for microphone array development. We investigate a real life application, specifically the case of live sports broadcast, and the requirements that a such application imposes on a microphone array system. We present a system architecture of the first large (300 element circular array with a diameter of 2 m) MEMS microphone array system. In the proposed system, the latest technological advances are utilized to create a user-friendly array control interface. The array’s performance is examined in an anechoic chamber and on a crowded basketball field, and finally compared with existing solutions. The results illustrate the potential of a large MEMS microphone array as part of the technological development in sound acquisition for entertainment and security applications.     

多通道同步数据采集器设计

设计了一种基于CPLD的多通道同步数据采集存储系统,能够实现多通道同步数据采集和数据存储。系统设计采用多通道数据的同步实时采集、存储以及坏块检测技术。多通道同步数据采集模块能够同时采集多路相关信号并准确存储,便于后续数据分析计算。系统可满足多通道同步数据采集存储要求,且性能安全可靠。     

面阵扫描型警戒系统目标探测方法

根据红外面阵探测器的成像特点,提出了一种面阵扫描型警戒系统,该系统的新颖之处在于面阵的旋转会带来目标探测有效像元数目的增加,并使得目标探测信噪比得到提高.描述了使用面阵探测器扫描型警戒系统的系统参数和工作过程,推导了该系统的点扩散模型,分析了目标的成像特点,重点描述和分析了针对本系统特点的目标探测算法,并介绍了其信号处理的硬件结构.实验结果表明,基于面阵探测器的红外搜索系统具有很高目标探测概率,并且能够在强杂波环境中检测弱目标.     

Optimization of sparse synthetic transmit aperture imaging with coded excitation and frequency division

An effective aperture approach is used for optimization of a sparse synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging system with coded excitation and frequency division. A new two-stage algorithm is proposed for optimization of both the positions of the transmit elements and the weights of the receive elements. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in a synthetic aperture system, temporal encoding of the excitation signals is employed. When comparing the excitation by linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals and phase shift key modulation (PSKM) signals, the analysis shows that chirps are better for excitation, since at the output of a compression filter the sidelobes generated are much smaller than those produced by the binary PSKM signals. Here, an implementation of a fast STA imaging is studied by spatial encoding with frequency division of the LFM signals. The proposed system employs a 64-element array with only four active elements used during transmit. The two-dimensional point spread function (PSF) produced by such a sparse STA system is compared to the PSF produced by an equivalent phased array system, using the Field II simulation program. The analysis demonstrates the superiority of the new sparse STA imaging system while using coded excitation and frequency division. Compared to a conventional phased array imaging system, this system acquires images of equivalent quality 60 times faster, when the transmit elements are fired in pairs consecutively and the power level used during transmit is very low. The fastest acquisition time is achieved when all transmit elements are fired simultaneously, which improves detectability, but at the cost of a slight degradation of the axial resolution. In real-time implementation, however, it must be borne in mind that the frame rate of a STA imaging system depends not only on the acquisition time of the data but also on the processing time needed for image reconstruction. Comparing to phased array imaging, a significant increase in the frame rate of a STA imaging system is possible if and only if an equivalent time efficient algorithm is used for image reconstruction.     

方位远探测声波测井仪数据采集控制软件设计*

方位远探测声波测井技术在近年来得到了快速发展,数据采集控制软件是测井仪器系统的重要功能模块,其主要功能是完成地面采集控制平台与井下仪器的实时命令控制与数据传输。方位远探测声波测井仪数据采集控制软件模块以仪器库的形式挂接到成像测井系统,软件主要由仪器初始化、数据采集、数据分析及处理、仪器参数设置、下发命令封装、文件操作、实时波形绘图显示、实时波形处理、数据回放、帮助系统等部分组成。在程序设计中采用了多线程编程技术,提高与测井主控平台进行交互的时效性以及程序的响应速度。实验室及现场测试表明,方位远探测声波测井仪数据采集控制软件的总体及各个功能模块运行稳定,能够完成现场应用过程中对仪器的控制、数据读取、数据分析及处理、文件记录以及与现场测井采集控制平台的数据接口等需求,为仪器的进一步功能优化升级和现场应用提供了基础。