共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
了解尾矿浆中的重金属元素含量能为矿物浮选提供决策依据,不仅可以提高矿物的利用率,还可减少环境污染。X射线荧光光谱法是一种常用的重金属元素分析技术,对于地质类样品的分析,康普顿散射内标法是一种常用的定量方法。但对于薄层沉积样品,其康普顿散射峰强度会受到支撑滤膜的散射影响。由于样品紧密附着在支撑滤膜上,难以直接获得来自样品本身的康普顿散射强度,不利于直接应用康普顿散射峰强度进行定量分析。以尾矿薄层样品为分析对象,研究了不同聚丙烯滤膜厚度对康普顿散射峰强度的影响,并对薄层样品的康普顿散射强度进行了校正。实验结果表明,在0.34~3.06 mm厚度范围内,康普顿散射峰强度随聚丙烯滤膜厚度的增加线性增加,通过建立探测器获得的总康普顿散射强度与滤膜厚度的线性关系,计算出样品的净康普顿散射峰强度。为验证该修正方法的可靠性,利用蒙特卡洛方法模拟研究了无滤膜的尾矿样品和带有不同厚度滤膜的尾矿样品,结果显示经滤膜厚度影响修正后的净康普顿散射峰强度与无滤膜样品康普顿散射峰强度基本一致,相对偏差为0.41%。同时通过实验和模拟计算了0.34 mm厚聚丙烯滤膜时修正后的净康普顿散射峰强度占总康普顿散射峰的比例,分别为91.31%和89.91%,二者基本一致。最后,利用了上述基于滤膜厚度康普顿散射影响的校正方法,建立了基于康普顿散射内标法的定量校准曲线,对两种尾矿浆中的Cu,Zn和Pb元素的定量分析结果显示,未经滤膜厚度修正的康普顿内标校正相比校正前,部分元素定量结果与ICP-OES结果相比,其相对偏差反而增加3.18%~9.00%。而经滤膜厚度修正的康普顿内标方法的定量结果与ICP-OES结果的相对误差在1.14%~11.15%之间,相比于校正之前,相对偏差减少了0.30%~8.97%。 相似文献
6.
用基尔霍夫近似,研究了随机粗糙面后向散射方向上角度性的散射增强的理论。所得到的极化二次散射强度的解析公式解释了随机粗糙面上多次散射的相干性,并用来定量地计算随机粗糙面后向散射的增强。
关键词: 相似文献
7.
矢量辐射传输方程定量描述了辐射在地表-大气耦合介质中的传输过程,是定量遥感的基础.在处理辐射和离散介质相互作用时,如何处理多次散射、辐射偏振效应和耦合地表模型是研究的重点,直接影响定量化遥感反演的精度.文中基于逐次散射近似法求解了矢量辐射传输方程,求解过程中耦合典型地表的非偏双向反射(BRDF)模型和偏振双面反射(BPDF)模型.采用相对误差因子定量分析了地表双向反射效应和大气偏振效应对天基矢量辐射的影响.为进一步研究地表-大气耦合介质系统的偏振特性及地表大气参数的定量遥感反演提供理论支持.
关键词:
矢量辐射传输方程
逐次散射近似
定量遥感
偏振遥感 相似文献
8.
瞬态积分浓度场的测量研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
根据污染扩散烟雾粒子的成像理论、粒子光散射原理和数字图像技术,建立了烟雾粒子非定常瞬态积分浓度与 其散射图像强度之间的数学关系,通过烟雾粒子散射图像强度的数字化分析和处理来定量测量非定常瞬态污染扩散相对 瞬态积分浓度场。并利用该方法对烟雾扩散的非定常瞬态积分浓度场进行了实际测量。 相似文献
9.
10.
首先建立大尺度分层介质粗糙面散射的物理模型, 基于Stratton-Chu积分方程和Kirchhoff近似导出了粗糙面散射场的计算公式. 采用高斯随机粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面, 通过数值计算得到了正下视单站雷达接收到的后向散射回波. 理论推导了散射场强度与表面粗糙度之间的定量关系, 并从数值仿真的角度分析了表面和次表面的粗糙度对散射回波的影响, 给出了散射场随粗糙度变化的曲线. 最后考察了分层介质的电特性参数(介电常数和电导率)对分层粗糙面散射场的影响, 并对计算结果做出了分析. 相似文献
11.
Voice problems are a frequent difficulty that teachers experience. Common complaints by teachers include vocal fatigue and hoarseness. One possible explanation for these symptoms is prolonged elevations in vocal loudness within the classroom. This investigation examined the effectiveness of sound-field frequency modulation (FM) amplification on reducing the sound pressure level (SPL) of the teacher's voice during classroom instruction. Specifically, SPL was examined during speech produced in a classroom lecture by 10 teachers with and without the use of sound-field amplification. Results indicated a significant 2.42-dB decrease in SPL with the use of sound-field FM amplification. These data support the use of sound-field amplification in the vocal hygiene regimen recommended to teachers by speech-language pathologists. 相似文献
12.
It is known that the coupling between a modally reactive boundary structure of an enclosure and the enclosed sound field induces absorption in the sound field. However, the effect of this absorption on the sound-field response can vary significantly, even when material properties of the structure and dimensions of the coupled system are not changed. Although there have been numerous investigations of coupling between a structure and an enclosed sound field, little work has been done in the area of sound absorption induced by the coupling. Therefore, characteristics of the absorption are not well understood and the extent of its influence on the behavior of the sound-field response is not clearly known. In this paper, the coupling of a boundary structure and an enclosed sound field in frequency bands above the low-frequency range is considered. Three aspects of the coupling-induced sound absorption are studied namely, the effects of exciting either the structure or the sound field directly, damping in the uncoupled sound field and damping in the uncoupled structure. The results provide an understanding of some features of the coupling-induced absorption and its significance to the sound-field response. 相似文献
13.
M L Hawley R Y Litovsky H S Colburn 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1999,105(6):3436-3448
Natural environments typically contain sound sources other than the source of interest that may interfere with the ability of listeners to extract information about the primary source. Studies of speech intelligibility and localization by normal-hearing listeners in the presence of competing speech are reported on in this work. One, two or three competing sentences [IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust. 17(3), 225-246 (1969)] were presented from various locations in the horizontal plane in several spatial configurations relative to a target sentence. Target and competing sentences were spoken by the same male talker and at the same level. All experiments were conducted both in an actual sound field and in a virtual sound field. In the virtual sound field, both binaural and monaural conditions were tested. In the speech intelligibility experiment, there were significant improvements in performance when the target and competing sentences were spatially separated. Performance was similar in the actual sound-field and virtual sound-field binaural listening conditions for speech intelligibility. Although most of these improvements are evident monaurally when using the better ear, binaural listening was necessary for large improvements in some situations. In the localization experiment, target source identification was measured in a seven-alternative absolute identification paradigm with the same competing sentence configurations as for the speech study. Performance in the localization experiment was significantly better in the actual sound-field than in the virtual sound-field binaural listening conditions. Under binaural conditions, localization performance was very good, even in the presence of three competing sentences. Under monaural conditions, performance was much worse. For the localization experiment, there was no significant effect of the number or configuration of the competing sentences tested. For these experiments, the performance in the speech intelligibility experiment was not limited by localization ability. 相似文献
14.
15.
A method for filtering groups of single-type sound-field modes in oceanic waveguides is considered. It is based on differences in their dispersion characteristics, which is shown in a spectrogram as a localization of the spectral density in regions, whose positions of maxima cause values of interference invariants corresponding to different groups. Filtration of these groups with subsequent Fourier transform determines the interferograms of single-type modes. Applicability of the method to recording frequency shifts in the interference maxima of different mode groups caused by the motion of an internal-wave soliton is shown. A new approach to passive hydrolocation of sound sources is suggested, based on localization of signals formed by groups of single-type modes. 相似文献
16.
The acousto-optical interactions of Bessel and Gaussian light beams with the ultrasonic field in liquids under the condition of Raman-Nath diffraction for the standing-wave mode are experimentally investigated. The main differences of acousto-optical interactions for Bessel and Gaussian light beams are revealed. The various phenomena of refraction and focusing of Bessel beam in liquids owing to sound-field spatial modulation are demonstrated. 相似文献
17.
High-resolution plane-wave decomposition in an auditorium using a dual-radius scanning spherical microphone array 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatial and temporal distribution of early reflections in an auditorium is considered important for sound perception. Previous studies presented measurement and analysis methods based on spherical microphone arrays and plane-wave decomposition that could provide information on the direction and time of arrival of early reflections. This paper presents recent results of room acoustics analysis based on a spherical microphone array, which employs high spherical harmonics order for improved spatial resolution, and a dual-radius spherical measurement array to avoid ill-conditioning at the null frequencies of the spherical Bessel function. Spatial-temporal analysis is performed to produce directional impulse responses, while analysis based on the windowed Fourier transform is employed to detect direction of arrival of individual reflections at selected frequencies. Experimental results of sound-field analysis in a real auditorium are also presented. 相似文献
18.
This paper explores acoustical (or time-dependent) radiosity--a geometrical-acoustics sound-field prediction method that assumes diffuse surface reflection. The literature of acoustical radiosity is briefly reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. A discrete form of the integral equation that results from meshing the enclosure boundaries into patches is presented and used in a discrete-time algorithm. Furthermore, an averaging technique is used to reduce computational requirements. To generalize to nonrectangular rooms, a spherical-triangle method is proposed as a means of evaluating the integrals over solid angles that appear in the discrete form of the integral equation. The evaluation of form factors, which also appear in the numerical solution, is discussed for rectangular and nonrectangular rooms. This algorithm and associated methods are validated by comparison of the steady-state predictions for a spherical enclosure to analytical solutions. 相似文献
19.
Gauthier PA Berry A Woszczyk W 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(2):662-678
This paper describes the simulations and results obtained when applying optimal control to progressive sound-field reproduction (mainly for audio applications) over an area using multiple monopole loudspeakers. The model simulates a reproduction system that operates either in free field or in a closed space approaching a typical listening room, and is based on optimal control in the frequency domain. This rather simple approach is chosen for the purpose of physical investigation, especially in terms of sensing microphones and reproduction loudspeakers configurations. Other issues of interest concern the comparison with wave-field synthesis and the control mechanisms. The results suggest that in-room reproduction of sound field using active control can be achieved with a residual normalized squared error significantly lower than open-loop wave-field synthesis in the same situation. Active reproduction techniques have the advantage of automatically compensating for the room's natural dynamics. For the considered cases, the simulations show that optimal control results are not sensitive (in terms of reproduction error) to wall absorption in the reproduction room. A special surrounding configuration of sensors is introduced for a sensor-free listening area in free field. 相似文献
20.
Several acoustic experiments show a surprising degree of stability in wave fronts propagating over multi-megameter ranges through the ocean's sound channel despite the presence of random-like, sound-speed fluctuations. Previous works have pointed out the existence of chaos in simplified ray models incorporating structure inspired by the true ocean environment. A "predictability horizon" has been introduced beyond which stable wavefronts cease to exist and point-wise, detailed comparisons between even the most sophisticated models and experiment may be limited for fundamental reasons. By applying one of the simplified models it is found that, for finite ranges, the fluctuations of the ray stabilities are very broad and consistent with log-normal densities. A fraction of the ray density retains a much more stable character than the typical ray. This may be one of several possible mechanisms leading to greater than anticipated sound-field stability. The log-normal ray stability density may underlie the recent, experimentally determined, log-normal density of wave-field intensities [Colosi et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 3202-3218 (1999)]. 相似文献