激光波带片衍射性质的数值模拟

根据亥姆霍兹-基尔霍夫积分,对菲涅尔波带片的高斯激光场在轴向、径向强度分布进行了理论分析,研究了高斯激光束照射下波带片的衍射场规律.数值计算表明：沿轴向光场呈系列焦点,各焦点附近光强分布有振荡现象,随焦点级次的增大光强迅速增大;有焦移现象,焦移量随焦点级次的增大而增大;焦深随焦点级次的升高按平方反比律减小,随波带数减小或焦距增大而增大.在焦平面上,光斑大小与最外环宽度成正比,与焦点级次成反比.     

Practical methods to define scattering coefficients in a room acoustics computer model

To predict acoustics of rooms using computer programs based on geometrical assumptions, it is important that scattering is included in the calculations. Therefore scattering is usually included in terms of scattering coefficients which are assigned to each surface telling the software the ratio between the part of the reflected energy which is not being reflected specularily and the total reflected energy. However the effective scattering coefficient of a surface depends not only on the roughness of the surface material indeed diffraction caused by limited dimensions of the surface as well as edge diffraction also causes scattering. For complex rooms it can be difficult to give a reasonable estimate to the magnitudes of scattering coefficients if these should also include diffraction and even if these frequency dependent coefficients could be obtained in the design phase, the processes of obtaining the data becomes quite time consuming thus increasing the cost of design. In this paper, practical methods to define scattering coefficients, which is based on an approach of modeling surface scattering and scattering caused by limited size of surface as well as edge diffraction are presented. The predicted and measured acoustic parameters in real rooms have been compared in order to verify the practical approaches recommended in the paper.     

An improved broad-spectrum room acoustics model including diffuse reflections

More and more literature has paid attention to the diffuse reflections in enclosed space during the past few years. In this paper, the current computer models including diffuse reflections have been reviewed briefly at first. Then, to realize the broad-spectrum simulation for enclosed sound fields including diffuse reflections, an improved ray-tracing algorithm, which combines the splitting coefficient diffusion model and a dynamic sound ray receiving method, has been given. The algorithm can deal with broad frequency bands simultaneously by using the frequency independent splitting coefficient. To test the algorithm and also to investigate the significance of the diffuse reflections in enclosed sound fields, experiments have been made in three spaces including a virtual room and two real rooms. The results and discussions have validated the applicability of the improved algorithm and they have also shown that diffuse reflections can improve room acoustic prediction, although it not always promote a sound field to be more diffused.     

Investigation on optical property of diffuser with 3D microstructures

The light diffuser with 3D microstructure is one of the high efficient light diffusers used in LED lighting to realize secondary optical design. The aspect ratio (AR), filling coefficient (FC) and arrangement (A) of microstructure plays an important role in the optical property of light diffuser. The experiment results and simulation results obtained from Light Tools software of light diffuser with microsphere structure used in LED light shows that the optical property of diffuser with microsphere structure whose diameter is from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, arranged in hexagon is best with AR of 0.22 and the filling coefficient of 100%.     

Estimation of optical abnormalities in breast phantom by diffuse equation

Optical imaging is an emerging method for bio-imaging. The advantages of this imaging provide non-ionizing and safe radiation, non-invasive and functional medical imaging. Due to diffusion of photons inside biological tissues, its image processing is complicated. So in spite of these advantages, this imaging method has not been progressed like ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, the penetration depth of photons inside biological phantom is low. To overcome this problem, the complicated diffusion of photons through tissue must be modeled. The diffuse equation can be applied to simulate photons through turbid media like biological tissues. In this paper, the diffuse equation is used to study propagation of diffuse photons. The green function method is applied to solve this equation, and then the optical properties of abnormalities in breast phantom are estimated. This fast method can be applied for image processing.     

Source excitation strategies for obtaining impulse responses in finite difference time domain room acoustics simulation

This paper considers source excitation strategies in finite difference time domain room acoustics simulations for auralization purposes. We demonstrate that FDTD simulations can be conducted to obtain impulse responses based on unit impulse excitation, this being the shortest, simplest and most efficiently implemented signal that might be applied. Single, rather than double, precision accuracy simulations might be implemented where memory use is critical but the consequence is a remarkably increased noise floor. Hard source excitation introduces a discontinuity in the simulated acoustic field resulting in a shift of resonant modes from expected values. Additive sources do not introduce such discontinuities, but instead result in a broadband offset across the frequency spectrum. Transparent sources address both of these issues and with unit impulse excitation the calculation of the compensation filters required to implement transparency is also simplified. However, both transparent and additive source excitation demonstrate solution growth problems for a bounded space. Any of these approaches might be used if the consequences are understood and compensated for, however, for room acoustics simulation the hard source is the least favorable due to the fundamental changes it imparts on the underlying geometry. These methods are further tested through the implementation of a directional sound source based on multiple omnidirectional point sources.     

环境噪声学进展

本文简要地回顾了30年来中国环境噪声学的发展，并从飞机噪声、地面运输噪声、环境噪声影响与评价以及工业噪声控制四个方面介绍了近年来环境噪声学的进展。     

Generalized Foldy-Lax formulation

We present a method for numerical wave propagation in a heterogeneous medium. The medium is defined in terms of an extended scatterer or target which is surrounded by many small scatterers. By extending the classic Foldy-Lax formulation we developed an efficient algorithm for numerical wave propagation in two dimension. In the method that we set forth multiple scattering among the point scatterers and the extended target is fully taken into account via a boundary integral formulation coupled with the Foldy-Lax formulation. This formulation forms the basis for our numerical procedure.     

压力恢复系统超声速扩散段三维流场数值模拟

 采用数值模拟的手段，对压力恢复系统超声速扩散段三维流场进行研究。数值模拟使用LU分解法和NND差分格式求解全Navier-Stokes 方程，并加入了湍流模型。对得到的流场结构进行了分析，为下一步工作打下了基础。     

Impedance boundary conditions for pseudo-spectral time-domain methods in room acoustics

The pseudo-spectral time-domain (PSTD) method is an alternative time-marching method to classical leapfrog finite difference schemes in the simulation of wave-like propagating phenomena. It is based on the fundamentals of the Fourier transform to compute the spatial derivatives of hyperbolic differential equations. Therefore, it results in an isotropic operator that can be implemented in an efficient way for room acoustics simulations. However, one of the first issues to be solved consists on modeling wall absorption. Unfortunately, there are no references in the technical literature concerning to that problem. In this paper, assuming real and constant locally reacting impedances, several proposals to overcome this problem are presented, validated and compared to analytical solutions in different scenarios.     

A simple impulse sound source for measurements in room acoustics

This paper deals with the construction and characteristics of a specially designed wooden clapper intended to operate as an impulse sound source for measurements in rooms. It is to be used as an alternative impulse sound source for experimental estimations of impulse responses of rooms located at remote and specific places where none of the standard sound sources - an omnidirectional loudspeaker system, etc. - can be used. The paper describes the spectral characteristics and directivity of the clapper impulse. Its features are compared with other impulse sources.