Elasticity of globular proteins measured from the ac susceptibility

We introduce a new method to measure the elastic constants of globular proteins. Gold nanoparticles, tethered to a gold surface by the protein, are driven by an ac electric field while their displacement is synchronously detected by evanescent wave scattering, yielding the mechanical response function of the macromolecular sample in the frequency domain. We apply the method to measure the stiffening of an enzyme upon binding its substrate.     

Massively parallel low-cost pick-and-place of optoelectronic devices by electrochemical fluidic processing

We describe a novel electrochemical technique for the nonlithographic, fluidic pick-and-place assembly of optoelectronic devices by electrical and optical addressing. An electrochemical cell was developed that consists of indium tin oxide (ITO) and n -type silicon substrates as the two electrode materials and deionized water (R = 18 MOmega) as the electrolytic medium between the two electrodes. 0.8-20-microm-diameter negatively charged polystyrene beads, 50-100-microm-diameter SiO(2) pucks, and 50-microm LED's were successfully integrated upon a patterned silicon substrate by electrical addressing. In addition, 0.8-microm-diameter beads were integrated upon a homogeneous silicon substrate by optical addressing. This method can be applied to massively parallel assembly (>1000 x 1000 arrays) of multiple types of devices (of a wide size range) with very fast (a few seconds) and accurate positioning.     

Quality factor for localized defect modes in a photonic crystal slab upon a low-index dielectric substrate

Localized defect modes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab upon a SiO(2) substrate have been analyzed by a numerical simulation of dipole radiation based on the finite-difference time-domain method. A degenerate pair of the defect mode of E(1) spatial symmetry was found in a pseudogap in the spectrum of dipole radiation. We achieved a quality factor as large as 800 by optimizing the sample geometry.     

Structure and phonon spectrum of a submonolayer Ni film on the surface of Cu(100)

The equilibrium atomic structure and the phonon spectra of a submonolayer (θ = 0.5 monolayer) Ni film deposited on the surface of Cu(100) are calculated using the potentials obtained by the embedded atom method. We consider atomic relaxation, the vibrational state density distribution on Ni and substrate atoms, and polarization of vibrational modes. Variation of the phonon spectrum upon segregation of Cu atoms on the film surface is considered. It is shown that mixing of vibrations of Ni adatoms with vibrations of substrate atoms occurs in the entire frequency range, leading to a frequency shift of the vibrational modes of the substrate and to the occurrence of new vibrational states atypical of a clean surface. The Cu(100)–c(2 × 2)–Ni structure is dynamically stabler when placed in the subsurface layer of the substrate.     

Comparative studies on p-type CuI grown on glass and copper substrate by SILAR method

Depending upon the method of synthesis and the nature of substrate surface, there is variation in the physico-chemical properties of the material. Cuprous iodide films are deposited at room temperature on the glass and copper substrates by a simple SILAR method and the obtained results are compared. The p-type material with optical band gap 2.88 eV is found to be possessing face-centered cubic crystal structure with lattice parameter 6.134 Å. We observed irregular particles for the CuI film on the glass substrate while patterned arrays of micro-rods with cabbage like tips on copper substrate, for the same preparative conditions. Also, the material deposited on copper is showing superhydrophobic nature (contact angle ∼156°) while that on glass it is hydrophilic (contact angle ∼88°). We have characterized the thin films by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness and contact angle measurement, thermoelectric power measurement and optical studies. This hydrophobic, p-type material with wide band gap will be helpful in the development of optoelectronic devices.     

Adsorptions de H2 et de O2 sur des alliages NiCu divisés supportés sur SiO2, etudiées par mesure d'aimantation á saturation

The linear combination of surface atom orbitals to which an adatom orbital will couple plays the important role of being the essential link between the adsorbate and the semi-infinite substrate. The group orbital (as it is called) is a function of the substrate character, the local adsorption geometry, and the adatom orbital. We present the spectral densities of states appropriate to the adsorption of a hydrogen or transition metal atom on a transition metal substrate for simple geometries, and comment upon some of the implications of the results for both past and future assumptions in chemisorption theory.     

Broadband antireflection gratings fabricated upon silicon substrates

We fabricated a two-dimensional subwavelength structured (SWS) surface upon a crystal silicon substrate. The SWS surface was patterned by electron beam lithography and etched by an SF(6) fast atom beam. The SWS grating had a conical profile, the period was 150 nm, and the groove was approximately 350 nm deep. The reflectivity was examined at 2002500-nm wavelengths. At 400 nm the reflectivity decreased to 0.5% from the 54.7% of the silicon substrate. We also used HeNe laser light to examine the reflectivity as a function of the incident angle.     

Numerical Study of a Microstrip Line with a Two-Layer Dielectric Substrate of Finite Width

An open microstrip line with a two-layer substrate of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, employed in millimeter-wave range mikroelectronic devices, has been numerically studied. The dependences of the characteristic electrodynamical properties of this line upon its geometrical parameters were calculated. For computations, the method of singular integral equations in the quasistatic approximation was applied. Double complexity was introduced: with respect to time and to coordinates. This method allows taking into account even very large losses in the material of the microstrip line substrate. The computation algorithm permitted us to take into account the finite strip conductor thickness and substrate width.     

Self-assembled triangular and labyrinth buckling patterns of thin films on spherical substrates

We investigated the possibility of controlling thin film buckling patterns by varying the substrate curvature and the stress induced therein upon cooling. The numerical and experimental studies are based on a spherical Ag core/SiO(2) shell system. For Ag substrates with a relatively larger curvature, the dentlike triangular buckling pattern comes out when the film nominal stress exceeds a critical value. With increasing film stress and/or substrate radius, the labyrinthlike buckling pattern takes over. Both the buckling wavelength and the critical stress increase with the substrate radius.     

Piezoquartz resonator as an in situ method for studying the phase transitions in thin metal and alloy films

A new method based on a quartz resonator is proposed to study the melting-solidification phase transformations in metal and alloy nanofilms. The melting-solidification temperature hysteresis is studied, and the supercoolings upon the solidification of bismuth and gold-germanium films on a carbon substrate are determined. The results obtained by the new method are shown to agree well with the reported data.     

Detection of a small defect on a rough surface

We report experimental results that show that the far-field correlation function is sensitive to a small local change in rough-surface geometry, where the speckle spatial correlation rather than the sample ensemble average is adopted. The angular cross-correlation function of the far-field speckles scattered by one-dimensional random rough surfaces is measured when a polarized beam of light is incident upon the rough surface from vacuum, where one part of the surface used is a thin dielectric film deposited upon a glass substrate and the other part is identical to the first except for a localized defect. We envisage application of this sensitivity property to inspection of a sample with a defect by means of speckle mapping.     

关于热电子发射理论的评述(Ⅱ)——单原子层和偶极子理论

本文对热电子发射中应用单原子层和偶极子理论作了分析和批判。我们认为:1.单原子层的存在不是无条件的,它与基底的温度、结构、纯度和外界真空度都有关系;2.关于时而能、时而又不能观察到的电子发射峰值,是一个有待于进一步明确的现象,不能简单地用单原子层和偶极子理论来解释;3.吸附了外界原子或分子使电子发射增加的事实,并不是由于偶极矩降低了基底的逸出功,发射的电子来源于被吸附物质的价电子;4.实验证明“L”阴极是Ba-O-W系统,它既不是单原子层,也不是单分子层,也不适用偶极子理论。     

High-external-quantum-efficiency organic light-emitting devices

We study the internal and external quantum efficiencies of vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices (OLED's). The internal quantum efficiency of OLED's based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum is calculated to be 5.7 times the observed external quantum efficiency ?(e), consistent with measurements. We demonstrate a shaped substrate that increases ?(e) by a factor of 1.9+/-0.2 over similar OLED's fabricated upon flat glass substrates and leads to a 100%-emissive aperture, i.e., the emitting area completely occupies the display area even in the presence of metal interconnects. We also discuss a substrate structure that increases ?(e) by an additional factor of 2. The high device efficiencies are promising for developing OLED-based displays with extremely low power consumption and increased operational lifetime.     

绝缘层上半导体多晶膜激光再结晶临界条件

从理论的角度分析了绝缘衬底对其上面半导体多晶膜激光熔化再结晶过程的影响,发现低导热的绝缘层使产生固-液相变的临界激光功率有明显的降低。用喇曼光谱测量了激光再结晶SOI层中的应力。应力的出现是多晶膜内曾经发生过固-液相变的佐证。从这一思想出发,对LPCVD方法制备的大量SOI样品进行激光再结晶临界条件的研究,证明了忽略绝缘层低热导影响的模型不能解释实验结果,而经过修正的公式则可以较好地拟合实验结果。 关键词：     

Integration, processing and performance of low power thermally tunable CMOS-SOI WDM resonators

Ring waveguide resonating structures with high quality factors represent a key component in silicon photonic links. We demonstrate experimentally and validate numerically spectral tuning with a high efficiency of photonic ring structures when manufactured in a commercial 130?nm SOI CMOS technology with localized removal of back-side substrate using silicon micromachining methods. A comprehensive analysis is reported on the thermal tuning efficiency of tunable ring devices as a function of the ring’s size, type of thermal tuner and amount of back- and front-side post-CMOS micromachining. We further propose a path to maintain a high tuning efficiency of photonic devices with partially or completely removed SOI silicon substrate upon their hybridization to electronic driver chips. Such a platform opens up additional options for increased on-chip system functionality and dense integration in 3-D.     

Effects of substrate treatment on the electroluminescence performance of flexible OLEDs

Electroluminescence (EL) performance of flexible organic light-emitting device (FOLED) has been found to be highly dependent upon the morphology of the surface of the indium thin oxide (ITO)/plastic substrate as well as the patterning and processing conditions of the substrate. We will present evidence showing that luminance efficiency of FOLED can be greatly improved by pretreatment. Surface analysis of the ITO/PET by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) and optical microscope will be compared with that of the ITO/glass and the influence of flexible OLEDs substrate treatment by various methods on EL performance will also be discussed.     

Surface lattice dynamics of thep(3×1)−Ag(110) system

Summary We present a detailed study of the lattice dynamics of thep(3×1)O-Ag(110) surface to determine the structural changes of the substrate upon oxygen chemisorption. The lattice dynamical calculations are carried out using central forces with nearest-neighbour interactions and assuming different surface structures. The limits of the models are discussed. A comparison with the dispersion curves measured along two azimuthal directions by means of energy-resolved He-atom scattering unambiguously shows the reconstruction of the silver substrate. In honour of Prof. Fausto Fumi on the occasion of his retirement from teaching.     

The interpretation of the spatial resolution of the scanning Auger electron microscope: A theory/experiment comparison

Two modes of scanning Auger microscopy for oblique incidence and sharp chemical edges are defined and discussed using a Monte-Carlo method reported earlier. A theory/experiment comparison for a silver edge on a tungsten substrate confirms that the spatial resolution in SAM is controlled by incident beam size. The orientation of the edge with respect to the scan direction is shown to have a strong effect upon the spatial resolution.     

Effect of annealing on the deformation and fracture of metallic glass under local loading

An investigation is undertaken into the variations observed in the cracking resistance, the plasticity, and the structure of an 82K3KhSR metallic glass upon annealing. A method of evaluating the mechanical properties and the structural state of metallic glasses is proposed. This method is based on the indentation of the metallic glass deposited onto a substrate prepared from a polyester material and a metal. The critical annealing temperature that corresponds to drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the metallic glass is determined. It is found that dependences of the cracking resistance of metallic glasses on the indenter load exhibit a linear behavior at annealing temperatures above the critical point. An exponential decrease in the cracking resistance upon indentation is observed with an increase in the annealing temperature of metallic glasses.     

绝缘层上半导体多晶膜激光再结晶临界条件

从理论的角度分析了绝缘衬底对其上面半导体多晶膜激光熔化再结晶过程的影响, 发现低导热的绝缘层使产生固一液相变的临界激光功率有明显的降低.用喇曼光谱测量了激光再结晶SOI层中的应力. 应力的出现是多晶膜内曾经发生过固一液相的佐证.从这一思想出发, 对LPCVD方法制备的大量SOI 样品进行激光再结晶临界条件的研究, 证明了忽略绝缘层低热导影响的模型不能解释实验结果, 而经过修正的公式则可以较好地拟合实验结果, 关键词：