场址地下水特征因子对铀锶吸附的影响研究

为了考察某放射性废物填埋场土壤对待填埋的核素铀锶的阻滞性能,对该填埋场土壤及地下水进行取样分析,根据测量的地下水特性参数,在静态条件下,考察了填埋场地下水主要的阴离子SO42-、CO32和阳离子Ca2、Mg2+、Na+、K+对核素铀锶吸附影响,同时结合填埋场地下水的pH和Eh,考察了溶液pH值对核素的吸附影响；结果表明:当pH在2～3之间时,铀的吸附量突然增大,pH在在4～8之间,铀的吸附量明显变化,在pH＞10,吸附量又出现明显减小；当pH＜6和pH＞8后,锶的迁移分配系数(Kd值)明显的增大,而pH在6～8时,Kd值没有明显的变化；阴离子C032-能明显的增加锶在土壤中的吸附,直接表现为Kd值的明显增大,Kd值增加103数量级；阴离子SO42-、CO32-、C2O42-对铀的吸附的影响表现非常明显,随着离子浓度的增加,几种阴离子明显降低了铀在土壤中的吸附,表现为Kd值大大降低,降低的系数在103数量级；阳离子对锶吸附的影响,Ca2+和Mg2+的影响比Na+要强,Ca2+和Mg2+离子浓度在很小的时候就能明显的降低锶的吸附；阳离子对铀吸附的影响,当Ca2+和Mg2+的浓度较低时对铀的吸附影响不大,当Ca2+达浓度大于1280.0μg·L-1,Kd值出现了较为明显的减小.     

HG-AFS法测定铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量的分析方法。仪器主要工作条件:负高压280 V,灯电流60 mA,原子化器高度9 mm,载气流量400 mL/min,屏蔽气流量1000 mL/min。砷的质量浓度在0～40μg/L范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.9998。方法测定砷的检出限为0.037μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),加标回收率为90.5%～102.5%。针对溶液中的钼同多酸和杂多酸以及存在的其它氧化物,采取抗坏血酸-硫脲混合溶液进行预还原,溶液中铀含量约为0.1 g/L时,对砷的测定无影响。该法能满足铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量0.005～4 g/L的测定要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中痕量铀

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤样品中痕量铀含量的方法。采用硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸混合酸消解样品后,以铼为内标溶液校正基体干扰,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定土壤中的痕量铀含量。实验结果表明,铀的质量浓度在0~20 ng/m L范围内与信号强度呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.006μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),加标回收率在96%~103%之间。用该方法与标准方法对同一样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果一致。该方法准确可靠,满足土壤样品中痕量铀含量的测定要求。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-甲基-1,3-二羟基苯固相萃取光度法测定水中铀(Ⅵ)

研究了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-甲基-1,3-二羟基苯(QAMDHB)与铀的显色反应。在pH 7.8三乙醇胺-盐酸缓冲介质中,Triton X-100和氟离子存在下,QAMDHB与铀(Ⅵ)、氟离子反应生成1∶1∶1紫色三元稳定络合物,络合物的λmax=562 nm,ε=8.0×104L.mol-1.cm-1,铀含量在0~20μg/10 mL内符合比耳定律。环境水样中的铀用TBP萃淋树脂固相萃取柱分离和富集后测定,方法的相对标准偏差在1.8%~2.4%之间,标准回收率在97%~104%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中铀钍元素的含量

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱测定水中铀钍元素含量的方法。水样以硝酸酸化处理后直接用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,为了消除铀记忆效应对测定结果的干扰,测试溶液的质量浓度以不超过10μg/L为宜,样品测定间隙设置清洗时间为2 min。铀钍元素标准曲线线性相关系数分别为0.999 4,0.999 5;铀、钍的检出限分别为0.000 9,0.002 1μg/L;加标回收率分别为95.70%~112.33%,96.94%~109.98%;测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.61%~5.33%,1.16%~1.33%。     

双电极法现场快速检测地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根和碳酸根

地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根( HCO-3)和碳酸根( CO2-3)含量是地球化学碳行为和碳循环的重要表征,但两种离子的浓度易受环境影响而改变,因此,地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定一直是个难题。实验利用CO2的水解平衡,通过pH电极和二氧化碳电极联用,建立了HCO-3和CO2-3现场快速测定的新方法,解决了地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定难题。研究结果表明,在pH=4.8±0.1的底液中, HCO-3和CO2-3的线性范围分别为0.027~570 mg/L和1.25×10-8~39.7 mg/L。共存的金属离子、强酸阴离子(K+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4,100 mg/L)、弱酸阴离子和弱酸(HSO-3、NO-2、HOAc,50 mg/L)对测定干扰小于5%。实际水样加标实验回收率在95.2%~99.2%之间,相对标准偏差为2.6%~3.7%。与酸碱滴定法进行对比,本方法的准确性良好。但方法受温度影响,因此标准溶液与样品应在同一温度下测量。总体而言,双电极法灵敏、快速、经济且电极携带方便、操作简单、对环境要求不高,十分适合现场和室内一般自然水体的快速检测。本方法已成功应用于青海省地下水和青海湖湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3的现场测定。实验表明,海东地区地下水样品pH在6.4~7.4之间,HCO-3含量为234~4096 mg/L,CO2-3含量为0.16~1.89 mg/L;青海湖湖水样品pH≈8.7,HCO-3含量范围在1.36~1.86 g/L,CO2-3含量在32.3~43.9 mg/L,与文献结果吻合。     

关于季铵盐萃取铀多核萃合物的研究——Ⅰ.(R_4N)_2U_6O_(19)萃合物

关于季铵盐从碳酸钠溶液中萃取铀的反应,前人均确认为: UO_2(CO_3)_3~(4-)+4R_4NCl(?)(R_4N)_4UO_2(CO_3)_3+4Cl~-萃合物中铀与季铵的摩尔比为1:4,含0.1M季铵盐的有机相萃取铀的理论饱和容量为5.95g/L。在铀矿水冶碱法工艺中,我们以季铵盐从碳酸钠溶液中萃取铀,用碳酸铵溶液从饱和有机相中反萃铀,再用季铵盐从蒸除氨后的碳酸铵反萃结晶母液中萃取铀时发现,0.1M季铵盐萃取铀可高达60～90g/L,为按上述反应计算的理论饱和容量的10～15倍,萃取分配比大于10~4,单段萃取即可使萃余水相中铀浓度小于5mg/L。因此推测萃取过程是按另一反应进行。季铵盐不是萃取三碳酸钠酰配阴离子,而是萃取一种或几种铀酰离子的水解产物——多铀酸盐。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定3种中成药中的葛根素

 建立了测定小儿清感灵片、步长新脑心通胶囊和感冒清热颗粒 3种中成药中葛根素含量的反相高效液相色谱方法。采用APEXODS色谱柱 ,以醋酸铵缓冲液 (10 0mmol/L ,pH 5 0 ) 甲醇 (体积比为 75∶2 5 )的混合溶液为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 0nm ,流速为 0 8mL/min。葛根素在 2mg/L～ 2 0mg/L时其色谱峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好 (r =0 9999) ;上述 3种中成药中的葛根素含量分别为 3 48mg/g ,1 0 8mg/ g及 1 5 2mg/ g(蔗糖型 ) ;其加样回收率分别为 99 0 % ,93 4%和 97 5 %。该法简便、快速、专属性强 ,可以作为多种中药制剂中葛根素含量的测定方法。     

铀-2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚-Triton X-100析相体系的研究及应用

本文研究了铀-2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氨)-5-二乙氨基苯酚(3,5-diBr-PADAP)-Triton X-100析相光度体系,建立了矿石中微量铀的测定方法,在pH 7.5三乙醇胺-盐酸介质中,将胶束溶液在 95±1℃加热 1h.络合物即被Triton X-100相完全富集.络合物最大吸收峰位于565nm.摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10～5L·mol～(-1)·cm～(-1),铀含量在0～12μg/5mL服从比耳定律.采用TBP萃淋树脂分离干扰离子,测定矿石中微量铀,结果满意.     

离子交换树脂预浓缩法测定环境水中的Cd(Ⅱ)

使用Amberlite CG-120离子交换树脂作为固相萃取剂,预浓缩环境水样中的Cd(Ⅱ),然后用火焰原子吸收分光光度计法(FAAS)测定洗脱液中Cd(Ⅱ)的含量从而确定水样中的Cd(Ⅱ)浓度。实验优化了洗脱液的pH、种类及其浓度、样品和洗脱液流速、吸附剂用量等实验参数,并研究了其他阳离子对Cd(Ⅱ)回收率的干扰效应,获得了最佳的分析灵敏度、准确度、精密度以及回收率。方法检出限为0.1μg/L,线性范围为0.4μg/L～80μg/L。采用该分析方法对自来水、河水、地下水、海水进行加标回收实验,回收率均在95%以上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.