低压近场静电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列的制备及压力传感性

利用低压近场静电纺丝技术制备了ZnO/PVDF(聚二偏氟乙烯)微米纤维平行阵列, 通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散光谱(EDS)对ZnO/PVDF微米纤维进行了表征. 该复合纤维的平均直径约为40 μm. EDS分析测试证明ZnO纳米颗粒已经掺杂进入了平行微米纤维中. 压电性能和电学性能测试结果表明, ZnO/PVDF微米纤维阵列的压电性能增强. 研究结果表明, 近场电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列在压电型压力传感器和纳米发电机领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

低压近场静电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列的制备及压力传感性（英文）

利用低压近场静电纺丝技术制备了ZnO/PVDF(聚二偏氟乙烯)微米纤维平行阵列,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散光谱(EDS)对ZnO/PVDF微米纤维进行了表征.该复合纤维的平均直径约为40μm.EDS分析测试证明ZnO纳米颗粒已经掺杂进入了平行微米纤维中.压电性能和电学性能测试结果表明,ZnO/PVDF微米纤维阵列的压电性能增强.研究结果表明,近场电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列在压电型压力传感器和纳米发电机领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚熔纺纤维的结构与性能研究

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和聚苯硫醚(PPS)经过熔融挤出后制备成复合材料切片,并采用熔融纺丝法制得碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚复合纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)、动态机械分析(DMA)以及力学性能测试等表征手段研究了复合纤维中碳管的分散状态,与基体的界面作用,复合纤维的结晶性能以及力学性能,从而探讨了聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合纤维体系的微观结构与宏观性能之间的关系.研究表明,聚苯硫醚分子结构与碳纳米管之间具有的π-π共轭作用使碳管较为均匀的分散在基体中,界面结合较为紧密.同时熔融纺丝过程中的拉伸作用使碳管进一步解缠并使碳管沿纤维拉伸方向取向.另一方面,拉曼光谱显示拉伸作用有效地增强了界面作用,有利于外界应力的传递.碳管的良好分散以及强的界面作用使复合纤维力学性能得到大幅度的提高,当碳管含量达到5 wt%时,复合纤维的模量有了明显的提高,拉伸强度较纯PPS纤维提高了近220%.     

高强度聚(R-3-羟基丁酸酯-co-R-3-羟基己酸酯)纤维的制备及其力学性能的调节

通过优化聚(R-3-羟基丁酸酯-co-R-3-羟基己酸酯)(PHBHHx)原纤维的制备工艺,采用较低的挤出温度,极大加快了原纤维的结晶速率,缩短了后续加工所需时间.随后通过“等温结晶-拉伸-固定长度退火”的方法制备了力学性能优异的PHBHHx纤维,纤维平均拉伸强度达262 MPa,断裂伸长率大于120％.利用二维X射线衍射和拉曼光谱研究了纤维的晶体结构,结果表明高强度的PHBHHx纤维中晶区和非晶区的分子链都具有很好的取向性,并且纤维中没有形成β晶结构.进一步研究发现通过改变退火工艺,可以很方便地调节纤维的力学性能,使得PHBHHx材料可以广泛应用于不同的领域.     

静电纺丝制备自修复功能纤维及其自愈合性能表征

应用静电纺丝技术,以聚苯乙烯和愈合剂的共混溶液为纺丝液,制备了含有愈合剂的功能纤维,并以其制备了具有自修复性能的纤维/树脂复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光显微镜等对纤维的形貌和结构进行了表征,探讨了纺丝溶液的组成对纤维形貌和结构的影响.纤维中愈合剂的含量随纺丝液中愈合剂浓度的增加而增大,但可纺性随之变差.通过SEM观察了所制备的复合材料表面预制裂纹的修复,在一定温度下裂纹处纤维中的愈合剂(分别为环氧和其固化剂)释放并进一步反应,经过愈合复合材料的拉伸强度提高了2.81 MPa,力学性能明显改善.     

碳纳米纤维的酸处理及其负载Pd-Pt的催化萘加氢活性

采用浓硝酸和浓硫酸混和液(90、120、150 ℃)处理鱼骨类和平行类碳层排布的碳纳米纤维. 运用高分辨电镜、红外光谱和离子交换对碳纳米纤维的表面性质进行了表征，并考察了以两种碳纳米纤维为载体的Pd-Pt催化萘加氢活性. 结果表明，碳纳米纤维的碳层排布不同使混酸处理的鱼骨类表面生成的极性含氧基团的量明显高于平行类表面，以前者为载体得到Pd-Pt催化剂金属颗粒的分散程度明显高于后者，其负载的Pd-Pt催化萘加氢活性也较高.     

掺杂羧基化碳纳米管的纳米碳纤维前驱体的制备及表征

为获得结构完整、 性能优良的纳米碳纤维前驱体, 采用静电纺丝法制备了掺杂羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维. 用扫描电子显微镜、 偏振红外光谱、 透射电子显微镜、 拉曼光谱及拉伸性能测试等对杂化纳米纤维的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究, 分析了MWCNTs含量的影响. 实验结果表明, 5%(质量分数)的MWCNTs掺杂量为杂化纳米纤维直径的突变点, 且MWCNTs的加入有利于PAN分子链的取向, MWCNTs在PAN纤维中大体上沿纤维轴向取向分布. 3%MWCNTs/PAN杂化纳米纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别达到88.6 MPa和3.21 GPa.     

大麻纤维增强天然橡胶的制备及其生热现象研究

论文研究了大麻纤维(HF)不同的改性方式对天然橡胶增强效果的影响,通过使用大麻纤维来减少体系中的炭黑含量,在保证橡胶材料具有一定的力学性能的同时,降低大麻纤维增强天然橡胶(HF/CB/NR)复合材料的生热.结果 表明:通过力学性能测试,表明加入一份碱处理的大麻纤维可以减少体系中3份炭黑,表现为二者材料的力学性能相当.通...     

溶液喷纺法制备聚乳酸/锂藻土复合纳米纤维膜及其性能

为改善聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)的亲水性和生物活性,采用溶液喷纺法将具有良好亲水性和生物活性的锂藻土(LAP)复合到PLLA纳米纺丝膜中。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、万能试验机、接触角测量仪对纤维膜的形貌、化学结构、力学性能和亲水性进行了表征,并研究了纤维膜的降解性能和细胞相容性。结果表明,适量LAP可在PLLA纳米纤维中均匀分布,所得PLLA/LAP杂化纳米纤维直径为200～300 nm。LAP的引入有助于改进PLLA的亲水性,并提高其力学性能,同时可在一定程度上调节PLLA的降解速率。体外生物学评估表明,LAP的引入能提高纳米纺丝膜的细胞增殖效应。     

AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子的吸附性能

采用双喷头电纺丝技术,将尼龙(PA-66)纤维增强的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜(PAN/PA-66)与盐酸羟胺进行偕胺肟化反应,制备了一种偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/尼龙复合纳米纤维膜(AOPAN/PA-66).通过红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了偕胺肟化前后纳米纤维膜的组成、形貌和力学性能;并考察了AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜对铜离子和铅离子的吸附性能.结果表明,AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜的抗拉伸强度及断裂伸长率分别为4.73 MPa和30.76%,对Cu(Ⅱ)及Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量分别为67.5和75.4 mg/g.     

Physical and chemical properties of tussah silk fibroin films

Physical and chemical structure, as well as thermal behavior of solution-cast regenerated films, prepared from tussah (Antheraea pernyi) silk fibroin, were compared with those of solution-cast native films, in order to ascertain whether treatment (degumming, dissolution) used for preparation affected their properties. Regenerated fibroin films exhibited a higher thermal stability than native ones, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical behavior. Glass transition temperature and other relevant thermal transitions of the regenerated silk specimen shifted to higher temperatures compared with those of native specimen. Molecular conformation and crystalline structure did not show significant differences between the two kinds of silk films. Amino acid composition and molecular weight, however, distribution changed markedly after dissolving tussah silk fibroin fiber in concentrated LiSCN in polypeptide size was the main features for the regenerated silk fibroin. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

红外和拉曼光谱用于对丝蛋白构象的研究

动物丝纤维和相关丝蛋白材料的性能与丝蛋白本身的二级结构即构象密切相关。红外光谱和拉曼光谱是研究蛋白质构象的有力手段,因此在丝蛋白结构的研究中也有广泛的应用。本文综述了红外光谱和拉曼光谱在家蚕、野蚕(主要是柞蚕)和蜘蛛丝蛋白研究方面的应用,并对表征丝蛋白各种构象的红外和拉曼特征峰进行了较为全面的归纳总结。     

Grafting Vinyl Monomers onto Tussah Silk Fiber. I. Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Nonmulberry Tussah Silk by Tetravalent Cerium Ion

The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto nonmulberry natural tussah silk fibers was investigated in aqueous solution using tetravalent cerium as initiator. The rate of grafting was determined by varying the monomer concentration, the cerium (IV) concentration, the temperature, and the nature of the silk. With increasing monomer concentration the graft yield increased (up to 0.657 M) and thereafter decreased. The graft yield also increased with increasing cerium (IV) concentration. The graft-on was influenced by chemical modification of the tussah silk prior to grafting. The effect of certain inorganic salts on the rate of grafting was investigated.     

Structural changes induced in tussah silk (Antheraea pernyi) fibroin films by immersion in methanol

The crystalline transition induced by immersion in a methanol/water mixture of tussah silk fibroin (from Antheraea pernyi) film obtained by casting from a 1% solution was studied by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The molecular conformation of the fibroin, consisting mostly of the α-helix and random-coil forms, was transformed into a random-coil and β-rich conformation containing only a small amount of α-helix after immersion for no more than 5 min. The intersheet packing of the β-crystal of the original tussah silk fibroin film was imperfect in the early stage of immersion. However, crystallization proceeded further when the immersion time exceeded 10 min. As a result the sheets in the β-form crystal became closely packed because of the decrease in the content of the random-coil form. The exothermic peak, which appeared at 226°C in the original fibroin and was attributed to the random-coil → β-structure transition, disappeared completely after immersion for 5 min.     

桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中金属离子的含量

用不同的测试方法, 即质子诱导X射线发射(PIXE)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和原子吸收光谱(AAS)对桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中金属元素的含量进行了详细的表征. 结果表明, 在桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中含有钠、镁、钾、钙、铜、锌、铁、锰八种金属元素, 同时还可能含有微量的铷和锶. 这些金属元素在丝腺体和各种丝纤维(蚕茧丝、强拉丝和脱胶丝)中的含量都有所变化, 而这些变化可能与之在成丝过程(丝蛋白的构象转变过程)中所起的作用有关.     

Low-angle x-ray fine structure investigation of tussah protein fiber

Low-angle x-ray methods have been used to evaluate some macromolecular parameters of the scattering particles in tussah, a silk fiber. A low-angle Kratky camera of recent design has been used for the experimental measurements of the scattering intensities. The sample under investigation is taken as a densely packed colloidal system belonging to general micelle system and the well known theories of Kratky and Kratky and Porod have been utilized. The parameters determined are specific inner surface of the dispersed phase (O/V), transverse lengths like the length of inhomogeneity (l_r) and the length of coherence (l_c), and the air fraction of the scattering particles in tussah fiber; these were found to be 7.084 × 10^?6 Å^?1, 100.6 Å, 367.7 Å, and 0.02%, respectively.     

Implantation of multiscale silk fibers on poly (lactic acid) fibrous membrane for biomedical applications

Despite that poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has satisfactory biodegradation in vivo, its application in biomedicine is restricted due to its unsatisfactory cytocompatibility. Silk fiber (SF) has outstanding biocompatibility and silk fibroin protein obtained from silk by degumming has good hydrophilicity. Therefore, combining the PLA and silk can improve hydrophilicity of PLA to apply as biomedical materials. In this study, different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) were used to separate the silk to obtain multiscale silk fibers (MSFs), which were implanted into the PLA electrospun fibrous membranes (EFMs). The morphology and structure of silk fibers separated by different concentrations of NaClO were studied by Zetasizer Nano ZS, UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the surface-modified PLA composite membranes by MSFs was investigated by cell cultivation and proliferation. The results showed that the surface-modified PLA EFMs through MSF bundles obtained from NaClO split silk exhibited a certain improvement on PLA hydrophilicity and enhancement on cellular compatibility, which could have a broad prospect in the practical application of biomedical materials.     

Chinese Oak Tasar Silkworm Antheraea pernyi Silk Proteins: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives for Biomedical Applications

Chinese nonmulberry temperate oak tasar/tussah, Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk is a natural biopolymer that has attracted considerable attention as a biomaterial. The proteinaceous components of Ap silk proteins, namely fibroin and sericin may represent an alternative over mulberry Bombyx mori silk proteins. In fact, the silk fibroin (SF) of Ap is rich in Arginyl‐Glycyl‐Aspartic acid (RGD) peptides, which facilitate the adhesion and proliferation of various cell types. The possibility of processing Ap silk proteins into different distinct 2D‐ and 3D‐based matrices is described in earlier studies, such as membranes, nanofibers, scaffolds, and micro/nanoparticles, contributing to a different rate of degradation, mechanical properties, and biological performance useful for various biomedical applications. This review summarizes the current advances and developments on nonmulberry Chinese oak tasar silk protein (fibroin and sericin)‐based biomaterials and their potential uses in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutic delivery strategies.     

GRAFTING OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE ONTO SILK IN AQUEOUS ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION

The grafting of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) onto silk in aqueous alcohol systems using potassiumpersulfate (KPS) in the presence of air was investigated. Effects of grafting conditions, such as concentrations of monomer,initiator and formic acid, temperature and time, on the graft yield were determined. The optimum graft conditions were foundto be: T = 80℃, t = 30 min, [KPS] = 1.85% [on the weight ofmonomer (owm)]; [formic acid] = 0.2% (V/V); [EGDMA] =80% [on the weight of fiber (owf)]. The activation energy of grafting at 50-80℃ was found to be 71.31 kJ/mol for EGDMA.Grafting equations were also evaluated. The graft yield value can be regulated by the concentration of monomer. The graftcopolymerization of EGDMA onto silk is effective in improving the crease-proofing of silk fabrics.     

Silkworm silk/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites: Dynamic mechanical, thermal and biodegradable properties

Silkworm silk/Poly(lactic acid) (silk/PLA) biocomposites with potential for environmental engineering applications were prepared by using melting compound methods. By means of Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Coefficient of thermal expansion test, Enzymatic degradation test and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effect of silk fiber on the structural, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties and enzymatic degradation behavior of the PLA matrix was investigated. As silk fiber was incorporated into PLA matrix, the stiffness of the PLA matrix at higher temperature (70-160 °C) was remarkably enhanced and the dimension stability also was improved, but its thermal stability became poorer. Moreover, the presence of silk fibers also significantly enhanced the enzymatic degradation ability of the PLA matrix. The higher the silk fiber content, the more the weight loss.