Rotational properties in even-even superheavy ~(254-258)Rf nuclei based on total-Routhian-surface calculations

High-spin yrast structures of even-even superheavy nuclei254-258Rf are investigated by means of total Routhian-surface approach in three-dimensional(β2, γ, β4) space. The behavior in the moments of inertia of256 Rf is well reproduced by our calculations, which is attributed to the j15/2neutron rotation-alignment. The competition between the rotationally aligned i13/2proton and j15/2neutron may occur to a large extent in256 Rf. High-spin predictions are also made for its neighboring isotopes254,258 Rf, showing that the alignment of the j15/2neutron pair is more favored than that of the i13/2proton pair.     

Binding energies of even-even superheavy nuclei in a semi-microscopic approach

The structure of some even-even superheavy nuclei with the proton number Z = 98?120 is studied using a semi-microscopic but not self-consistent model. The macroscopic energy part is obtained from the Skyrme nucleon-nucleon interaction in the semi-classical extended Thomas-Fermi approach. A simple but accurate method is derived for calculating the direct part of the Coulomb energy. The microscopic shell plus pairing energy corrections are calculated from the traditional Strutinsky method. Within this semi-microscopic approach, the total energy curves with the quadrupole deformation of the studied superheavy nuclei were calculated. The same approach features the well known ²⁰⁸Pb or ²³⁸U nuclei. For each nucleus the model predictions for the binding energy, the deformation parameters, the half-density radii and comparison with other theoretical models are made. The calculated binding energies are in good agreement with the available experimental data.     

Rotational Bands in Odd-Odd 174Re

High spin states in ¹⁷⁴Re have been studied via the ¹⁵⁹Tb (²⁰Ne, 5nγ) ¹⁷⁴Re reaction through excitation function, X-γ and γ-γ coincidence measurements. A stretched E2 cascade has been identified and assigned to be the doubly decoupled band band on the л1/2^－[541]⊙v1/2^－[521] configuration. Other two bands with semidecoupled and strongly coupled characters have been found and their quasiparticle configurations are qualitatively discussed.     

Electromagnetic transition properties and isospin excitation in the cross-conjugate nuclei 44Ti and 52Fe

The interacting boson model with isospin (IBM-3) is applied to study the band structure and electromagnetic transition properties of the low-lying states in the cross-conjugate nuclei ⁴⁴Ti and ⁵²Fe. The isospin excitation states with T=0, 1 and 2 are identified and compared with available data. The E2 and M1 matrix elements for the low-lying states have been investigated. According to this study, the 2₃⁺ state is the lowest mixed symmetry state in the cross-conjugate nuclei ⁴⁴Ti and ⁵²Fe. The excitation energy of the second 0₂⁺ and 2₂⁺ states with T=0 in the nucleus ⁵²Fe are identified. The agreement between the model calculations and data is reasonably good.     

用反应48Ca+254Es合成119号元素的可能性研究

利用最近发展起来的两步模型分析重离子核反应48Ca+254Es 的熔合过程。在这个模型中,熔合过程被分为前后独立的两个过程,即粘连过程和形成过程。本研究组计算了对应的粘连概率和形成概率,并结合适用于蒸发过程的统计蒸发模型,计算了该反应合成119 号超重元素的剩余截面,即当Elab = 250:2 MeV时,得到最大剩余截面为0.7 pb。Two-step model is adopted to analyze the fusion process of heavy-ion reaction 48Ca+254 Es. Based on this model, the fusion process is divided into two consecutive steps, i.e., the sticking step and the formation step, and corresponding sticking probability and formation probability are calculated. Combining the statistical evaporation model for the evaporation stage, the maximum evaporation residue cross section for reaction 48Ca+254 Es is 0.7 pb at 4n, Elab =250.2 MeV.     

Doubly magic properties in superheavy nuclei

A systematic study of global properties of superheavy nuclei in the framework of the Liquid Drop Model and the Strutinsky shell correction method is performed. The evolution equilibrium deformations, TRS graphs and α-decay energies are calculated using the TRS model. The analysis covers a wide range of even-even superheavy nuclei from Z=102 to 122. Magic numbers and their observable influence occurring in this region have been investigated. Shell closures appear at proton number Z=114 and at neutron number N=184.     

Magnetic moment measurements of mirror nuclei 12B and 12N

The spin polarized β-emitting mirror nuclei ¹²B(I^π=1⁺,T_1/2=20.18 ms) and ¹²N(I^π=1⁺,T_1/2=11 ms) are produced by the low nuclear reactions ¹¹B(d, p) ¹²B and ¹⁰B(³He,n) ¹²N and by selecting the projectile energy and the recoil angle. Their magnetic moments are measured by the β-NMR technique. The magnetic moments obtained after Knight shift correction are μ(¹²B)=1.001(17) μ_N and μ(¹²N)=0.4571(1) μ_N. The calculation using the existing shell model could not reproduce the measured magnetic moments for ¹²B and ¹²N simultaneously.     

Study of Collective Rotational Bands in 179Pt

High-spin states in ¹⁷⁹Pt have been studied experimentally using the ¹⁴⁹Sm(³⁵Cl, p4n) fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energies of 164—180MeV. Measurements of γ-ray excitation function, X-γ coincidences and γ-γ-t coincidences were carried out with 13 BGO(AC) HPGe and 3 LOAX detectors. Based on the measured results, three rotational bands built on intrinsic states assigned to the 1/2^－[521], 5/2^－[512] and 7/2⁺[633] Nilsson configurations have been established for ¹⁷⁹Pt. It has been observed that the aligned angular moment in the 1/2^－[521] band increases suddenly around hω=0.27MeV. The big signature splitting has been observed in the 7/2⁺[633] band. These phenomena are discussed by referring to the systematics of the level structure in the Pt isotopes and isotones of ¹⁷⁹Pt.     

A note on shape and stability calculations in heavy and superheavy nuclei

Attention is focused onto the spurious state contributions inherent in existing equilibrium shape and fission half-life assessments of heavy and superheavy nuclei. The results indicate that compensation for such effects is essential if these calculations are to be considered reliable.     

Measurements of g-Factor of Rotational Band States in 82Sr

The g-factors of the positive parity rotational states up to spin I = 8^＋ for the ground state band in even-even nuclei S2Sr have been measured by a transient-magnetic-field ion implantation perturbed angular distribution method. The experimentally measured 9-factors increase with the increasing spin along the band and show that the g9/2 proton aligns only and the alignment starts from I =6^＋. The measured g-factors also indicate that the nuclei ^82Sr gain their spins by the quasi-proton alignment at higher spin.     

Effect of Rotational Degree of Freedom on the Enhanced Prescission Particle Emission in 10.6MeV/u 84Kr+27Al Reaction

Effect of the rotational degree of freedom of In nucleus in three dimension space on prescission particle emission in 10.6MeV/u and 8.5MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al collisions was studied in the framework of a statistical model. The calculation results show that for the latter incident energy,particle emission is insensitive to the rotational degree of freedom,while for the former one,the incorporation of this factor leads to the reduction of the extracted fission delay time from 20×10^－21s to 7.5×10^－21s,indicating the existence of this effect. The result also demonstrates that this effect is unable to completely account for the experimental data. In addition,the effect of rotational degree of freedom on particle evaporation prior to scission was found to depend on the excitation energy.     

Research on High Spin States in 68Ge,65Ga and 67Ga

The high spin states in ⁶⁸Ge,⁶⁵Ga and ⁶⁷Ga were studied through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment.The reaction ⁴⁶Ti(²⁵Mg,xpxn) was used with beam energy 68MeV.In ⁶⁸Ge the new multiplicity of band structures,the crossing transitions among the bands and a new band with possible big diformation were observed.The experiment results agree with a new microscopic model calculation (EXCITED FED VAMPIR).In ⁶⁵Ga and ⁶⁷Ga a few band structures with strong collectivity were observed and the new level schemes were given.     

Further Studies on Halo Nuclei 11Li,14Be and 17B

Based on the three-body model with Yukawa interactions,the halo nuclei ¹¹Li,¹⁴Be and ¹⁷B are further studied by the variation calculation.An analytical expression for the density distribution of the halo neutron is given.The theoretical resultsagree with the recent experimental data.     

Radial Expansion Flow in Reactions of 40Ca+58Fe and 40Ca+58Ni

By means of using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Langevin equation which includes isospin-dependent symmetry energy, Coulomb energy, isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross sections, Pauli blocking, and initialization, the radial expansion flow of reaction systems ⁴⁰Ca+⁵⁸Ni and ⁴⁰Ca+⁵⁸Fe at 53, 100, 150, and 200 MeV/u in the central collisions were studied. It has shown that the more neutron rich system exhibits smaller radial expansion flow. It was found that the neutron rich system had smaller threshold energy which may provide a new method to determine the isospin dependent nuclear equation of state from calculated result and linear fitting result.     

Langevin study of neutron emission in the reactions 16O+181Ta and 19F+178Hf

The pre-scission neutrons measured in the reactions ¹⁶O+¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁹F+¹⁷⁸Hf are studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model. We find that because of the mass asymmetry of different entrance channels, the spin distributions of compound nuclei would be different, consequently, the measured neutrons in these two reactions would also different. This means that the entrance channel will affect the particle emission in the fission process of hot nuclei.     

Neutrino Energy Loss by Electron Capture on Nucleus ^56Mn, ^56Fe, ^56Co and ^56Ni in Strong Electron Screening

Based on the p-f shell model, the neutrino energy loss rates for nucleus ^56Mn, ^56Fe, ^56Co and ^56Ni in the electron capture process are canvassed in and not in a strong electron screening. The results show that the neutrino energy loss rates for ^56Mn, ^56Fe, ^56Co and ^56Ni decrease about 15%, 10%, 60% and i order of magnitude correspondingly at the temperature T9 = 15 and even debase 2 orders of magnitude at the temperature T9 = 1.     

Simulation of 200–400 Me V/u ~(12)C+~(12)C elastic scattering on SHARAQ spectrometer

In order to further obtain the information of three-body force(TBF) from 200–400 Me V/u12C+12C elastic scattering, we plan to perform this experiment on a SHARAQ spectrometer. Based on the experimental condition of the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory(RIBF)-SHARAQ facility, a simulation is given to find a compromise between the better energy and angular resolutions, and higher yield by optimizing the target thickness, beam transport mode, beam intensity and angular step. From the simulation, we found that the beam quality mainly limits the improvements of energy and angular resolutions. A beam tracking system as well as a lateral and angular dispersionmatching technique are adopted to reduce the influence of beam quality. According to the two angular settings of SHARAQ as well as the expected cross sections on the basis of the theoretical model, the energy and angular resolutions, and statistical accuracy are estimated.     

46.7MeV/u 12C轰击159Tb、197Au和209Bi的裂变测量及分析

用46.7MeV/u~(12)C轰击~(159)Tb、~(197)Au、~(209)Bi,测量关联裂片的速度和角度,研究了线性动量转移(LMT)、质量和出平面角分布,提取了核温度,应用级联两体统计衰变理论进行了拟合与解释,结果表明:在～50MeV/u入射能的中能重离子碰撞中,以非完全熔合方式形成了核温度高达4～5MeV的类复合核,其后通过裂变、蒸发级联统计两体衰变而退激。 The velocities and angles of fission partners emitted from reactions in ~(12)C+~(159)Tb, ~(197)Au,~(209)Bi systems with bombarding energy of 46.7MeV/u are measured. The linear momentum transferfrom projectile to target、mass and out-of-reaction plane angle distributions of fission fragments arestudied, and the temperatures of the target residues are extracted. These results have been explained by statistical binary decay model. It seems that the compound-likesystem with high temperature...     

Examining the Chiral Geometry in l04Rh and l06Rh

The criteria for chiral doublet bands based on one particle and one hole coupled to a triaxial rotor have been summarized. Two representative cases in A - 100 odd-odd nuclei, nearly degenerate △I = 1 doublet bands in 104Rh and 106Rh, are checked against these chiral criteria. It is shown that 106Rh possesses better chiral geometry than 104Rh, although the energy near degeneracy is achieved in 104Rh in comparison with the constant energy separation of doublet bands in 106Rh.     

Possibilities of producing superheavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions based on radioactive targets

The multinucleon transfer(MNT) process has been proposed as a promising approach to produce neutronrich superheavy nuclei(SHN).MNT reactions based on the radioactive targets ~(249)Cf,~(254)Es,and ~(257)Fm are investigated within the framework of the improved version of a dinuclear system(DNS-sysu) model.The MNT reaction~(238)U+~(238)U was studied extensively as a promising candidate for producing SHN.However,based on the calculated cross-sections,it was found that there is little possibility to produce SHN in the reaction ~(238)U+~(238)U.In turn,the production of SHN in reactions with radioactive targets is likely.