ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-[5'-对联苯基 二唑基-2']-苄酯的分子内能量传递的研究

合成了几个ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-(5'-对联苯基 二唑基-2')-苄酯及其模型化合物2-对甲苯基-5-联苯基-1,3,4- 二唑。测试了它们的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱, 用稳态荧光光谱方法, 测定了双荧光团化合物的分子内能量传递效率和模型化合物分子间能量传递效率进行了比较, 光谱数据表明分子内能量传递效率可达100%, 另外在相同浓度下测定了双荧光团化合物和模型化合物的磷光光谱, 比较测得的荧光光谱和磷光光谱的强度, 结果相互符合, 同时也测定了给体、受体以及双荧光团化合物的荧光寿命及磷光平均寿命, 根据稳态荧光光谱数据, 计算了能量传递的临界距离R0及能量传递的速率常数kT。     

ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-[5'-对联苯基 二唑基-2']-苄酯的分子内能量传递的研究

合成了几个ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-(5'-对联苯基 二唑基-2')-苄酯及其模型化合物2-对甲苯基-5-联苯基-1,3,4- 二唑。测试了它们的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱, 用稳态荧光光谱方法, 测定了双荧光团化合物的分子内能量传递效率和模型化合物分子间能量传递效率进行了比较, 光谱数据表明分子内能量传递效率可达100%, 另外在相同浓度下测定了双荧光团化合物和模型化合物的磷光光谱, 比较测得的荧光光谱和磷光光谱的强度, 结果相互符合, 同时也测定了给体、受体以及双荧光团化合物的荧光寿命及磷光平均寿命, 根据稳态荧光光谱数据, 计算了能量传递的临界距离R0及能量传递的速率常数kT。     

冠醚连接的给体-受体化合物中分子内远程三重态能量传递

本文合成了用冠醚连接的二苯酮基(给体)和萘基(受体)的二元化合物,用稳态和时间分辨光谱研究了该化合物分子内远程三重态能量传递,证实当冠醚络合钠离子以后,可以发生有效的分子内远程三重态能量传递,对传递机制进行了讨论。     

ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-[5′-对联苯基噁二唑基-2′]-苄酯的分子内能量传递的研究

继2-(ω-联苯基多亚甲基)-5-联苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑双荧光团化合物的合成及其荧光光谱的测定之后,我们又合成了几个ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-(5’-对联苯基噁二唑基-2’)-苄酯及其模型化合物2-对甲苯基-5-联苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑。测试了它们的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱,用稳态荧光光谱方法,测定了双荧光团化合物的分子内能量传递效率和模型化合物分子间能量传递效率进行了比较。光谱数据表明分子内能量传递效率可达100％。另外在相同浓度下测定了双荧光团化合物和模型化合物的磷光光谱,比较测得的荧光光谱和磷光光谱的强度,结果相互符合。同时也测定了给体、受体以及双荧光团化合物的荧光寿命及磷光平均寿命,根据稳态荧光光谱数据,计算了能量传递的临界距离R_0及能量传递的速率常数k_г。     

曙红与卟啉分子间和分子内的光致相互作用

合成了以半刚性链(一CH_2phCH_2—)和柔性链(—(CH_2)_4—)连接的曙红-卟啉二元化合物及其模型化合物.通过吸收光谱、荧光光谱、激发光谱及荧光寿命研究了模型化合物分子间的相互作用和二元化合物分子内的光致电子转移和能量传递.结果表明:二元化合物的模型化合物曙红乙酯和卟啉易形成基态复合物 在二元化合物分子内激发曙红时,曙红能将其单重态能量传递给卟啉,并能引发分子内的电子转移;激发卟啉时,能发生曙红向卟啉的电子转移.分析了分子构型和溶剂极性对2种过程的影响.     

多变鱼腥藻藻胆蛋白共价复合物的合成及其分子内能量传递

利用双功能基偶联剂3-(2-吡啶联巯基)丙酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDP)合成了两个藻胆蛋白复合物,藻红蓝蛋白-变藻蓝蛋白复合物PEC-APC和藻红蓝蛋白-藻蓝蛋白复合物PEC-PC.利用吸收光谱和荧光光谱证明了藻胆蛋白构型与构象在反应后得到保持。通过荧光光谱观察到能量传递现象。计算出复合物PEC-APC的分子内能量传递效率约为90%.复合物PEC-PC中藻红蓝蛋白PEC的荧光寿命比PEC本身的寿命大大缩短,证明存在分子内能量传递。二硫苏糖醇(DTT)还原二硫桥键后能量传递被阻断。这进一步证明复合物合成成功及分子内能量传递。     

以共价键相连的卟啉-酞菁化合物分子内能量传递及光诱导电子转移

合成了叶啉与酞菁以共价键连接起来的双发色团分子。测定了它们的吸收光谱,荧光光谱,荧光寿命等。计算了分子内能量传递过程的效率(φ_EnT)及速率常数(κ_EnT)。结果表明:在稀溶液中,卟啉与酞菁等克分子混合时,观察不到分子间能量传递过程现象的发生;而双发色团分子的分子内能量传递过程则明显发生了,其效率(φ_EnT=13～70%)与速率常数(κ_EnT=1.2×10⁷～2.0×10⁸s^-1)取决于分子的结构类型。电子转移与能量传递过程与介质性质有关。在极性溶剂中有利于电子转移过程的进行,而不利于能量传递过程;在非极性溶剂中,则有利于能量传递过程的进行,而不利于电子转移。 选择性激发酞菁发色团,观测到了只有电子转移发生的过程,其电子转移效率达到38%。     

变藻蓝蛋白中能量传递过程的计算机模拟

藻胆体的变藻蓝蛋白 (allophycocyanin ,APC)核外联天线杆 ,内接光合反应中心 ,在能量传递中起着承上启下的作用 .根据X射线晶体结构数据和变藻蓝蛋白亚基的吸收和荧光光谱 ,以计算机模拟方法研究变藻蓝蛋白单体和三聚体中的能量传递过程 .计算结果表明 :变藻蓝蛋白单体中两个亚基之间能量传递性质与C 藻蓝蛋白 (C phycocyanin ,C PC)相似 ;而在三聚体时则与C 藻蓝蛋白三聚体有根本的区别 .无论什么聚集态 ,C 藻蓝蛋白中β84色团总是主要的荧光发射体 ;而在变藻蓝蛋白中α84则成为主要的荧光发射体 .这与C 藻蓝蛋白中能量传递的基本单元是六聚体而在变藻蓝蛋白中为三聚体的事实一致 .由此可以推断变藻蓝蛋白中 2个三聚体是以α84相接的面面接近方式 ,因而 2个三聚体间能量传递主要靠α84色团实现 .变藻蓝蛋白这种特殊性是保证其高效传能功能的关键     

苯甲酸铽络合物发光性能的研究

本文应用紫外、红外吸收光谱、稳态和时间分辨的荧光光谱研究了苯甲酸及它的(邻、间、对)羟基衍生物与铽离子的络合物的发光性能和能量传递关系;探讨了羧酸的结构、络合物的形成,以及溶剂、pH值对发光强度和能量传递的影响。     

2-脲基-4[1氢]-嘧啶酮四氢键萘-蒽超分子组装体系:"通过键"机制的单重态能量传递

设计合成了基于2-脉基-4[1氢]-嘧啶酮AADD四氢键萘-葱超分子组装体系UPNa·UPAn.稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱研究表明UPNa·UPAn四氢键组装体可以发生从茶到葱的高效、快速的单重态能量传递过程.体系内光诱导单重态能量传递的速度和效率远大于通过F(o)rster机制的单重态能量传递速率,表明组装体系UPNa·...     

On Theoretical Treatments of Electronic Excitation Energy Transfer

In this paper, we review the generalized Forster-Dexter theory to treat photoinduced electronic energy transfer for a system in dense media and for an isolated system (i.e., a system in the collision-free condition). Instead of expressing the rate of energy transfer in terms of spectral overlap, the expression of the energy-transfer rate constant is obtained by evaluating a Fourier integral involved in the energy transfer rate constant using the saddle-point method. In this way, the energy-gap dependence, and the effect of temperature and the isotope effect on the energy transfer can be easily studied. The effect of bridge groups connecting between donor and acceptor chromophores on the intramolecular energy transfer is also studied.     

化工传递过程中的类似性

通过分析化工过程中的传递现象 ,总结了动量传递、热量传递和质量传递过程的一些类似性 ,并且讨论了这些类似性的理论和应用价值。     

有机半导体材料中的电荷转移

在介绍有机半导体材料电荷转移基本理论的基础上,对利用电荷转移研究有机半导体材料的导电、光电导和发光过程的现状进行评述,认为电荷转移是有机半导体材料研究的关键问题,开展其研究不仅有助于弄清一些新现象、新效应的物理起因,还可望找到预测有机半导体材料相关性能的有效手段.     

Theoretical study of electron transfer in uranyl(VI)–uranyl(V) complexes in solution

The rates of the electron self‐exchange between uranyl(VI) and uranyl(V) complexes in solution have been investigated in detail with quantum chemical methods. The calculations have shown that the bond length of U? Oyl is elongated by 0.1 Å when the extra electron is localized on the sites. The diabatic potential surfaces are obtained. The inner reorganization energies are 212.6 and 226.8 kJ mol^?1 for hydroxide and fluoride bridge systems, respectively. The solvent reorganization energies are 28.12 and 31.60 kJ mol^?1 for hydroxide and fluoride bridge systems, respectively. The nuclear frequency factors are 3.17 × 10¹³ and 3.12 × 10¹³ s^?1 for hydroxide and fluoride bridge systems, respectively. The electronic coupling matrix elements are 1.89 and 4.06 kJ mol^?1 for hydroxide and fluoride bridge systems, respectively. The electron‐transfer rates of our calculations are 12.95 and 0.819 M^?1 s^?1 for hydroxide and fluoride bridge systems, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

A simplified approach for the coupling of excitation energy transfer

A simplified approach for computing the electronic coupling of nonradiative excitation-energy transfer is proposed by following Scholes et al.’s construction on the initial and final states [G.D. Scholes, R.D. Harcourt, K.P. Ghiggino, J. Chem. Phys. 102 (1995) 9574]. The simplification is realized through defining a set of orthogonalized localized MOs, which include the polarization effect of the charge densities. The method allows calculating the coupling of both the singlet-to-singlet and triplet-to-triplet energy transfer. Numerical tests are performed for a few of dimers with different intermolecular orientations, and the results demonstrate that Coulomb term are the major contribution to the coupling of singlet-to-singlet energy transfer whereas in the case of triplet-to-triplet energy transfer, the dominant effect is arisen from the intermolecular charge-transfer states. The present application is on the Hartree-Fock level. However, the correlated wavefunctions which are normally expanded in terms of the determinant wavefunctions can be employed in the similar way.     

化工原理教学中传质对传热教学的启发及运用

The common points of absorption and heat transfer were found by comparison of the assumptions and transfer model. Furthermore, the computational formula and graphs of the number and the length of a transfer unit were deduced in the countercurrent heat transfer through learning from the treatment method of absorption. Based on the study, the basic analysis methodology for qualitative analysis of operational heat transfer problems was proposed. The connection between mass transfer and heat transfer was established through the comparison, so that they were no longer random knowledge points, which was beneficial for students to understand and master principles of chemical engineering.     

Photoinduced intermolecular and intramolecular actions between eosin and porphyrin

Two dyads of eosin and porphyrin linked with a semi-rigid (-CH2phCH2-) or flexible (-(CH2)4-) bridge and their reference model compounds were synthesized and characterized The intermoleccular interaction and intramolecular photoinduced singlet energy transfer and electron transfer were studied by their absorp tion spectra,fluorescence emission,excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime The model compounds,ethyl ester of eosm (EoEt) and porphyrin (PorEt),could form complexes in the ground state.When the eosin moieties in dyads were excited,they could transfer some singlet energy to the porphyrins; in the meantime,they could also ndsce electron transfer between two chromophores.Exciting the porphyrin moieties in dyads could induce electron transfer from eosin moieties to porphyrin moieties.The efficiencies (EnT,ET) and rate constants (kEnT,kET) were related to the polarity of solvents and mutual orientation of the two chromophores in dyads.     

Electron Transfer and Charge Transfer: Twin Themes in Unifying the Mechanisms of Organic and Organometallic Reactions

The broad varieties of organic and organometallic reactions merge into a common unifying mechanism by considering all nucleophiles and electrophiles as electron donors (D) and electron acceptors (A), respectively. Comparison of outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron transfers with the aid of Marcus theory provides the thermochemical basis for the generalized free energy relationship for electron transfer (FERET) in Equation (37) and its corollaries in Equations (43) and (44) that have wide predictive applicability to electrophilic aromatic substitutions, olefin additions, organometallic cleavages, etc. The FERET is based on the conversion of the weak nucleophile–electrophile interactions extant in the ubiquitous electron donor—acceptor (EDA) precursor complex [D, A] to the radical ion pair [D^⊕, A^?], for which the free energy change can be evaluated from the charge-transfer absorption spectra according to Mulliken theory. FERET analysis thus indicates that the charge-transfer ion pairs [D^⊕, A^?] are energetically equivalent to the transition states for nucleophile/electrophile transformations. The behavior of such ion pairs can be directly observed immediately following the irradiation of the charge-transfer bands of various EDA complexes with a 25-ps laser pulse. Such studies confirm the radical ion pair [Arene^⊕, NO₂] as a viable intermediate in electrophilic aromatic nitration, as presented in the electron-transfer mechanism between arenes and the nitryl cation (NO) electrophile.     

Theoretical studies of electron and hydrogen transfer reactions between semiquinone radicals and oxygen

 To explore the interactions between ubiquinones and oxygen in living organisms, the thermodynamics of a series of electron and hydrogen transfer reactions between semiquinone radicals, as well as their corresponding protonated forms, and oxygen, singlet or triplet, were studied using the hybrid Hartree–Fock–density functional theory method Becke's three parameter hybrid method with the Lee, Yang, and Parr correlation functional. Effects of the solvent and of the isoprenyl tail on the electron and hydrogen transfer reactions were also investigated. It is found that semiquinone radicals (semiquinone anion radicals or protonated semiquinone radicals) cannot react with triplet oxygen to form the superoxide anion radical O₂ ⁻. In contrast, neutral quinones can scavenge O₂ ⁻ efficiently. In the gas phase, only protonated semiquinone radicals can react spontaneously with singlet oxygen to produce peroxyl radical (HO₂). However, both semiquinone anion radicals and protonated semiquinone radicals can react with singlet oxygen to produce harmful oxygen radicals (O₂ ^{− a l l b u l l} and HO₂, respectively) in aqueous and protein environments. The free-energy changes of the corresponding reactions obtained for different ubiquinone systems are very similar. It clearly shows that the isoprenyl tail does not influence the electron and hydrogen transfer reactions between semiquinone radicals and oxygen significantly. Results of electron affinities, vertical ionization potentials, and proton affinities also show that the isoprenyl tail has no substantial effect on the electronic properties of ubiquinones. Received: 3 July 2000 / Accepted: 6 September 2000 / Published online: 21 December 2000