若干糖苷类化合物的负离子化学电离质谱研究

本文报道苦玄参苷类(picfeltarraenins)(1～5)、膜荚黄芪苷类(astramembrannins)(6～8)、雪胆素苷类(hemsamabilinins)(9,10)及其O-乙酰衍生物(11,12)和洋地黄毒苷(digitoxin)(13)的负离子化学电离质谱.用甲烷和二氯甲烷作为混合反应气,获得了满意的结果.谱中有特征的M~(?)或[M-1]~-,[M+Cl]~-和一系列脱糖基的碎片离子[M+Cl-nR]~-(R为不同类型的糖基)及糖基碎片离子[R+Cl]~-.乙酰化的糖苷还给出[M+Cl-nCH_2CO]~-或[M+Cl-nCH_3COOH]~-等碎片离子.     

酞青化合物的激光解吸质谱和快原子轰击质谱的研究

用激光解吸质谱法和快原子轰击质谱法分析研究Ａｌ－酞青和Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ４，４＇，４＇＇，４＇＇＇－四羧基酞青化合物，四羧基取代酞青由于四个羧基取代导致酞青极大增大和挥发点增高，较难用于ＦＡＢ法测定，但用基体帮助激光解吸质谱法可得到满意的结果，而一般铝酞青化合物分别用ＦＡＢ和ＭＡＬＤ法都可获得满意结果，但ＦＡＢ法能获得更多碎片信息。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定高纯金属铟中的微量镉

采用同位素稀释高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ID—HR—ICPMS）对高纯金属铟中的微量镉进行定值方法研究。用^53Cr作为同位素稀释剂,通过对仪器测量参数以及样品制备和处理过程的优化研究,有效地克服了来自高含量金属基体、等离子体气体、试剂等产生的主要质谱干扰。与传统的光谱测量方法相比,无机质谱的测量方法提高了微量元素定值的准确度和测量精度。     

NP型螯合树脂用于质谱法固体铀同位素分析

本文探讨了NP型螯合树脂对铀的吸附性能,并与强碱性阴离子交换树脂进行了比较。实验结果表明NP型螯合树脂在质谱法固体铀同位素分析中,对铀的吸附效率明显优于强碱性阴离子交换树脂,而两者对铀的电离效率基本相同,因此,NP型螯合树脂在质谱分析中将有很好的应用前景。     

质谱法测定硼原子量研究

硼同位素~(10)B 和~(11)B 由于相对质量差达9.5%,在成矿过程中发生明显的分馏效应,从而导致同位素丰度比 R_(11/10)的变异。最近Holden 对此有详尽的综合评述。国际原子量委员会评估的硼原子量值10.811有较大的不确定度±0.005。本文旨在对若干硼矿物和试剂作精密的 R_(11/10)测量,并以国际硼同位     

有机化合物的负离子质谱(二)

四、天然产物的负离子化学电离质谱负离子化学电离(CI)质谱近几年发展迅速,并由于它的灵敏度较高而引起人们的重视。这一新技术可用于研究离子-分子反应和痕量有机物的定性定量分析。 Dougherty等~([16])用这一技术测定尿中残留的五氯苯酚.Hunt等~([17])报道,用氧作为反应气时,2,3,7,8-TCDD的检测量可达pg级。对各种氟取代的化合物,检测量可低于100 fg(10~(-13)g)~([18])。     

GD-MS法和ICP-MS法测定高纯铌中痕量元素

采用辉光放电质谱法(GD-MS)对高纯铌中Ta,Mo,W等痕量杂质元素进行了测试,并对GD-MS工作参数进行了优化,部分元素与采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)定量分析的结果进行比较,对某些元素含量差别较大的原因进行了分析,论述了Element GD辉光放电质谱仪的特点及其在痕量杂质分析上的优势。     

激光产生的硼磷簇离结构的质谱研究

在高真空中以脉冲激光束溅射单质硼磷及其混合物,产生了非常丰富的B~n^±,P^±~n与B~nP^±~m 对飞行时间质谱的分析发现:实验产生的硼原子簇离子基本上为同一构型,可能为密堆积的结构;磷原子簇的基本结构单元为P~8;磷与硼磷簇离子中可能存在平面环的类芳香性稳定结构; 所有这些簇离子均有使其所有价电子成对的强烈倾向.     

Electronic excitations of C(60) aggregates

Excitation properties of the isolated C(60) and (C(60))(N) model clusters (N = 2, 3, 4, 6 and 13) are studied using an a priori parameterized and self-consistent Hamiltonian, the Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap considering the l azimuthal quantum number method. This method properly describes electron excitations of the isolated C(60) after the configuration interaction of singles (CIS) procedure, when those are compared with experimental data in n-hexane solution and in a molecular beam. Geometry models of (C(60))(N) clusters to model the effect of aggregation were obtained from the fullerene fcc crystal. Some peaks in the low energy edge of the absorption spectrum appear corresponding to clustering effects, as well as small increases of bandwidths in the strong bands at the UV region. An analysis of the theoretical absorption spectrum for dimer models has been carried out, taking into account the influence of the distance between fullerene centers. The density of states of CIS for fullerene clusters in the range from 2.0 to 6.5 eV shows the possibility of electron transitions as functions of the size of the clusters.     

Ion-molecule reactions of ammonia clusters with C60 aggregates embedded in helium droplets

Helium nanodroplets are co-doped with C(60) and ammonia. Mass spectra obtained by electron ionization reveal cations containing ammonia clusters complexed with up to four C(60) units. The high mass resolution of Δm/m≈ 1/6000 makes it possible to separate the contributions of protonated, unprotonated and dehydrogenated ammonia. C(60) aggregates suppress the proton-transfer reaction which usually favors the appearance of protonated ammonia cluster ions. Unprotonated C(x)(NH(3))(n)(+) ions (x = 60, 120, 180) exceed the abundance of the corresponding protonated ions if n < 5; for larger values of n the abundances of C(60)(NH(3))(n)(+) and C(60)(NH)(n-1)NH(4)(+) become about equal. Dehydrogenated C(60)NH(2)(+) ions are relatively abundant; their formation is attributed to a transient doubly charged C(60)-ammonia complex which forms either by an Auger process or by Penning ionization following charge transfer between the primary He(+) ion and C(60). The abundance of C(x)NH(3)(+) and C(x)NH(4)(+) ions (x = 120 or 180) is one to two orders of magnitude weaker than the abundance of ions containing one or two additional ammonia molecules. However, a model involving evaporation of NH(3) or NH(4) from the presumably weakly bound C(x)NH(3)(+) and C(x)NH(4)(+) ions is at odds with the lack of enhancement in the abundance of C(120)(+) and C(180)(+). Mass spectra of C(60) dimers complexed with water complement a previous study of C(60)(H(2)O)(n)(+) recorded at much lower mass resolution.     

中性富勒烯分子的直接电喷雾质谱分析

电喷雾电离是新近发展的一种质谱技术, 适用于分析在溶液中呈离子状态的物质, 具有无碎片的特点。本文根据富勒烯分子的电子亲和性能, 将富勒烯混合物的甲苯溶液直接进行电喷雾质谱分析, 检出了C60, C70, C76, C80, C82, C84, C86,C88, C90, C92, C94和C96等的负离子峰。并用萘钾作还原剂,将富勒烯混合物预先还原, 制得富勒烯负离子溶液后再作电喷雾质谱分析, 得到相同的结果。表明各类富勒烯分子在电喷雾过程中俘获电子的能力与被萘钾还原的能力相一致。     

C60 Langmuir-Blodgett膜的微结构形态

利用LB(Langmuir-Blodgett)方法组装C60复合膜, 以二十二酸 (BA)、二十酸 (AA)、十八酸 (SA) 和十八胺 (OA) 作为辅助成膜材料, 改变辅助成膜材料的摩尔比, 成功地控制了C60的聚集结构. Dynamic force microscopy(DFM)形貌结果表明由摩尔比nC60∶nSA∶nAA∶nOA=2∶3∶3∶4组成的特定C60组装体具有两种结构: 一种为粒径大约180 nm左右的大颗粒, 另一种结构是粒径大约在30 nm左右的小团簇. 等链长的酸胺混合以及其它比例组成的C60聚集体颗粒大小不均且结构单一. UV-Vis吸收光谱也说明C60分子在LB膜中通过相互作用发生一定程度的聚集.     

Polarized near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure spectroscopy of C60-functionalized 11-amino-1-undecane thiol self-assembled monolayer: molecular orientation and evidence for C60 aggregation

Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was adopted to probe the unoccupied electronic states of C60 anchored onto an organized assembly of 11-amino-1-undecane thiol on Au(111). The polarization dependence of the intensity of pi* resonance associated with C60 pi network revealed the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) system to be oriented with an average molecular tilt angle of 57 degrees with respect to the surface normal. Invoking the absence of solid-state band dispersion effects and in comparison to solid C60 and /or 1-ML C60/Au(111), the electronic structure of the resulting assembly was found dominated by spectral position shift and linewidth and intensity changes of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), LUMO+1, and LUMO+2 orbitals. The latter implied hybridization between N Pz of -NH2 group of thiolate SAM and pi levels of C60, resulting in a nucleophilic addition with a change in the symmetry of C60 from Ih to C1 in the SAM. Occurrence of a new feature at 285.3 eV in the NEXAFS spectrum, assigned previously to pi* graphitic LUMO, signified the formation of aggregated clusters, (C60)n of C60 monomer. Low tunneling current scanning tunneling microscopy confirmed them to be spherical and stable aggregates with n approximately 5.     

Ab initio studies of the structures and energies of methanediol and 1,1-ethenediol

Molecules of the type R₁R₂C(OH)₂ exhibit rotational isomerism about the two CO bonds. Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been used to predict the stable conformations of methanediol (H₂C(OH)₂) and 1,1-ethenediol (H₂CC(OH)₂). In the former compound two (60°/60° and 74°/−74°) and in the latter three (0°/180°, 180°/180° and 47°/47°) stable rotamers have been located. For methanediol further calculations have been carried out to predict the rotational and vibrational spectrum and the equilibrium constant for the gas phase reaction H₂O + H₂CO ⇄ H₂C(OH)₂. At 25°C a value of 0.062 atm⁻¹ has been found. This is compared with experimental values.     

C60衍生物与C60混合物中富勒烯的生长研究

富勒烯分子生长方面的研究，对于富勒烯的基础研究以及潜在应用有着重要的意义，因此引起了科学界的广泛兴趣和研究，Yeretzian[1]、Campbell[2],Rao[3]等人相继用不同的实验方法对C60的融合作了详细研究，但C60的生长动力学过程依然是个悬而未决的问题．我们实验室已对C60的正负离子解离以及C60加成衍生物中C60的解离和生长作了较深入的研究：发现C60正负离子解离时电荷具有不同的转移通道，即C朋解离时电荷留在碳笼上，而C60解离时电荷易转移到小碳簇上，且C60解离以较缓慢的笼子收缩过程进行间．衍生物基团（如节基、薛基）对C。。…     

Conformational isomers and isomerization of group 6 (Cr, Mo, and W) metal-bis(toluene) sandwich complexes probed by variable-temperature electron spectroscopy

Group 6 metal (Cr, Mo, and W)-bis(toluene) sandwich complexes are synthesized in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source. Conformational isomers and isomerization of these complexes are studied by variable-temperature pulsed-field-ionization zero-electron-kinetic-energy spectroscopy and density functional theory. For Cr-bis(toluene), four rotational conformers are identified with methyl-group dihedral angles of 0, 60, 120, and 180°. The ground electronic states of these conformers are (1)A(1) (C(2v), 0°), (1)A (C(2), 60 and 120°), and (1)A(g) (C(2h), 180°) in the neutral form and (2)A(1) (C(2v), 0°), (2)A (C(2), 60 and 120°), and (2)A(g) (C(2h), 180°) in the singly charged cationic form. For Mo- and W-bis(toluene), the four rotamers are resolved into three (0, 60/120, and 180°) and two (0 and 60/120/180°) groups, respectively. For all three metal sandwiches, the most stable conformer is in the complete eclipsed configuration (0°) and has the highest ionization energy. The conversion from 60/120/180° to 0° rotamer is observed from helium to argon supersonic expansions and is more efficient for the heavier Mo and W species.     

Magic alkali-fullerene compound clusters of extreme thermal stability

The thermal stability of free pure C60-, as well as C60-alkali, and -alkaline-earth metal compound clusters is investigated. We find that small (C60)m-clusters (m相似文献   

Fullerol cluster formation in aqueous solutions: implications for environmental release

Here we report on the characteristics of fullerol in aqueous systems and examine those conditions that affect the physical state of fullerol in water. When dispersed in water fullerol forms polydisperse suspensions characterized by both small ( approximately 100 nm) and large associations (>500 nm). These clusters are charged with a point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of approximately pH 3. Though the size of fullerol clusters may be manipulated through changes in solution chemistry, principally pH, cluster formation cannot be entirely prevented through these means alone. The fullerol cluster structure is amorphous as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, which is in contrast to clusters of C(60) formed through dissolution in toluene and then introduced into water through sonication (SONnC(60)). The SONnC(60) clusters are crystalline with a structure similar to that of unreacted C(60) crystals.