偏导数的一个恒等式

在一元函数里 ,函数与它的反函数的导数互为倒数关系。多元函数也有类似的性质。下面介绍之。定理　如果多元函数 z =f ( x1,x2 ,… ,xn)的反函数存在且偏导数不为零 ,那么 z x1=( -1 ) n+ 1 x1 x2 x2 x3… xn z( 1 )　　证明　设 F( x1,x2 ,… ,xn,z) =z -f ( x1,x2 ,… ,xn) =0 ,则 z x1=-Fx1Fz, x1 x2=-Fx2Fx1,…… , xn z=-Fz Fxn因此 z x1 x1 x2… xn z =( -Fx1Fz) ( -Fx2Fx1)… ( -Fz Fxn) =( -1 ) n+ 1即 z x1=( -1 ) n+ 1 x1 x2 x2 x3… xn z　　上面的恒等式可推广为 z xi=( -1 ) n+ 1 xi xi+ 1 xi+ 1 xi+ 2… xn- 1 x…     

Grobner基的一个应用

固定一个项序,利用Buchberger算法求多项式环S=C[x1,x2,…,xn]上的理想I的Grbner基.根据S上任意多项式f（x1,x2,…,xn）用Grobner基表示时其余项唯一的特点,将其应用到求解多项式方程组问题.实例展示用Grobner基可证明一个联立方程式是无解的.     

具有与多项式复合齐次相容的项序

设K[x1,X2,…,xn]是域K上关于变量x1,x2,…,xn的多项式环,θ=(θ1,…,θn)是K[x1,x2,…,xn]的一组有序多项式.多项式复合θ是用θi代替xi的一种运算.我们说多项式复合θ与项序>齐次相容,是指对任意项P与q,p>q,deg p=deg q(→)polt(θ)>qolt(θ).怎样判断多项式复合与项序>是否齐次相容是困难的.将给出明确的判定方法.     

多元二次多项式可分解的判别法

众所周知 ,多项式的因式分解是数学研究的重要内容之一 ,到目前我们还没有一般的方法把一个多项式分解成不可约因式的积 .本文利用二次型的理论给出了多元二次多项式是否可以分解成两个一次因式的积的判别法 ,并且对于可分解的二次多项式给出了分解的方法 ,彻底解决了二次多项式分解的理论问题 .定义　设　 f( x1 ,x2 ,… ,xn)= a1 1 x21 2 a1 2 x1 x2 … 2 a1 nx1 xn 2 a1 ,n 1 x1 a2 2 x22 … 2 a2 nx2 xn 2 a2 ,n 1 x2 … annx2n 2 an,n 1 xn an 1 ,n 1 ( 1)为一个实二次多项式 ,令A=a1 1 a1 2 … a1 n a1 ,n 1 a2 1 a2 2…     

利用整体思想解含多变元、多个函数的复合最值问题

在数学竞赛试题中经常出现形如max{min{f1（x1，X2，…，xn），f2（x1，x2，…，xn），…，fm（x1，x2，…，xn）}}或min{max{f1（x1，x2，…，xn），f2（x1，x2，…，xn），…，fm（x1，x2，…，xn）}}的多变元、多个函数的复合最值问题，即求函数最大值的最小值或求函数最小值的最大值。这类问题复杂、抽象且综合性强，解题时不能孤立地研究每一个函数，宜采用整体思想。     

实二次多项式正定性的判定

讨论n元实二次多项式f(x1,x2,…,xn)=(1 xT)A1x(x=(x1,…,xn)T)正定性的判定方法.     

偏导数与偏微分方程

我们知道，n元函数关于某个自变量的偏导数可理解为：固定其余的x－1个自变量xl1…，xi－1，xi＋1，…，xn，即令这些自变量为常数，这样几x；，…，xn）就是关于xi的一元函数，天就是f关于xi的导数。这样我们将多元函数的偏导数概念和一元函数的导数之间建立了联系，然后可用求解常微分方程的方法求解一些简单的偏微分方程。以下树中均设未知函数是充分光滑的。例1已知u（0，y）＝y，未满足方程的函数y＝u（x，y）解：由于正可理解为固定y，即令y为常数时X关于X的导数，故方程两边对X积分可得C（C，…ZC＋C式中C为积分常数。由于y为常…     

F2＋vF2上生成M序列的非奇异反馈函数的性质

M序列是一类最长的非线性伪随机序列．本文研究了在F2＋vF2上生成M序列的非奇异反馈函数f（x1，X2，…，xn）所具有的3条性质：1）Rf≠f；2）Djf为互不相同的生成M序列的非奇异反馈函数（j=1，v，1＋v）；3）在f的多项式表达式中，常数项j。一定不为0；若线性项x2，x3，…，xn全出现，则它们的系数不能全为1或j。     

与一类算术函数关联的矩阵的行列式的下界

设f为一个算术函数，S=｛x1，…，xn｝为一个n元正整数集合．称S为gcd-封闭的，如果对于任意1≤i，j≤n，均有（xi，xj）∈S．以S=｛y1，…，ym）表示包含S的最小gcd-封闭的正整数集合．设（f｛xi,xj））表示一个n×n矩阵，其（i,j）项为f在xi与xj的最大公因子（xi,xj）处的值．设（f[xi,xj]）表示一个n×n矩阵，其（i,j）项为f在xi与xj的最小公倍数[xi.xj]处的值．本文证明了。(i)如果f∈Cs=｛f:(f*μ)(d)＞0，x∈S,d|x｝这里f*μ表示f与μ的Dirichlet来积，μ表示Mobius函数，那么并且（1）取等号当且公当S=（ii）如果f为乘法函数，并且1/f∈Ca,那么并且（2）取等号当且仅当S=。不等式（1）和（2）分别改进了Bourque与Ligh在1993年和1995年所得到的结果。＃且（1）＄＄95llttgS－g；（n）toilk＃ffed数，＃if｝。C。，W4并且问取等号当且仅当S一S．不等式（1）和（2）分别改进了Bourque与Li少在1993年和1995年所得到的结果     

切比雪夫定理的初等证明

记 Tn( x) =cos( narccosx) ,这是一个首项系数为 2 n- 1的关于 x的 n次多项式 ,称为切比雪夫多项式 .在函数逼近论中 ,切比雪夫用连续函数的方法证明了一个基本结果 :定理 1 (切比雪夫 )　记Ωn={f( x) | f( x) =xn+ an- 1xn- 1+… + a1x+ a0 ,a0 ,a1,… ,an- 1∈R},则对任意 f( x)∈ Ωn,都有 max- 1≤ x≤ 1| f( x) |≥ 12 n- 1,且等号成立当且仅当 f( x) =12 n- 1Tn( x) .容易证明定理 1等价于下面的 :定理 2　记Mn={f ( x) | f ( x) =anxn+… + a1x+ a0 ,a0 ,a1,… ,an∈ R ,且当 - 1≤ x≤ 1时 ,| f ( x) |≤ 1 },则对任意 f( x)∈ …     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

Qualitative Analysis of Bifurcating Solutions in the Lengyel-Epstein Model

One of the most fundamental problems in theoretical biology is to explain the mechanisms by which patterns and forms are created in the＇living world. In his seminal paper ＂The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis＂, Turing showed that a system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations can be used to describe patterns and forms in biological systems. However, the first experimental evidence to the Turing patterns was observed by De Kepper and her associates（1990） on the CIMA reaction in an open unstirred reactor, almost 40 years after Turing＇s prediction. Lengyel and Epstein characterized this famous experiment using a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The Lengyel-Epstein model is in the form as follows     

(0,1 ;0)-INTERPOLATION ON INFINITE INTERVAL (-∞, +∞)

In this paper, we study the explicit representation and convergence of (0, 1; 0)-interpolation on infinite interval, which means to determine a polynomial of degree ≤ 3n - 2 when the function values are prescribed at two set of points namely the zeros of Hn(x) and H′n(x) and the first derivatives at the zeros of H′n(x).     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].