乙烯聚合三齿氮配体金属铁钻催化剂的最新进展

1998年美国Brookhart和英国帝国大学的Gibson各自独立报道了含有吡啶基团的二亚胺型的铁（Ⅱ）和钴（Ⅱ）催化剂,该类催化剂显示了很高的乙烯聚合的活性（高达10^7g mol^-1h^-1）,而且这种新型催化剂具有制备容易,价格便宜,活性高,耐极性官能团性能较好等优点,使得三齿配体类的后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂倍受重视,对其研究也更加深入发展起来．本文主要对近几年来国内外乙烯聚合三齿氮配位后过渡金属Fe和Co催化剂的研究成果进行了总结．     

取代基对吡啶双亚胺铁、钴乙烯聚合催化剂的影响

合成了一系列对位取代的2，6－二亚胺吡啶的铁、钴配合物(Ar = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃, M = Fe: 3a, M = Co: 4a; Ar = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂, M = Fe: 3b, M = Co: 4b; Ar = 2,6-Me₂-4-BrC₆H₂, M = Fe: 3c, M = Co: 4c; Ar = 2,6-Me₂-4-ClC₆H₂, M = Fe: 3d, M = Co: 4d; Ar = 2,4-Me₂-6-BrC₆H₂, M = Fe: 3e, M = Co: 4e; Ar = 2,4-Me₂-6-ClC₆H₂, M = Fe: 3f, M = Co: 4f)，并以改性甲基铝氧烷（MMAO）作为助催化剂研究了其乙烯聚合行为。吡啶双亚氨配体上取代基的位置和电子效应对催化活性和聚合物性质有很大影响。     

不对称二亚胺异双核钴镍催化剂的合成及乙烯聚合研究

合成了不对称异双核钴镍催化剂MN5CoNi.该催化剂经AlEt3,MMAO,AlEt3/[PhMe2NH][B(C6F5)4](B)或MMAO/B活化后用于乙烯聚合.异双核催化剂与相应的等摩尔双组分混合单核催化剂相比,以TEA作助催化剂时,异双核催化剂的Co和Ni中心的活性都远低于双组分混合体系,且Ni中心生成的聚乙烯含量低于双组分混合体系,异双核催化剂中的Co和Ni中心同时被抑制.以MMAO作助催化剂时,异双核催化剂的活性虽低于双组分混合体系,但是异双核催化剂中的两种金属中心的活性都有了较大的提高,且Ni中心生成的聚乙烯含量高于后者.同时考察了活性随时间变化,发现异双核催化剂中活性衰减比双组分混合体系慢,说明异双核体系中Co和Ni中心在MMAO活化下比双组分混合体系的金属中心更稳定.当以TEA/B作助催化剂时,异双核催化剂中Co和Ni中心的活性有所提高,但仍远低于双组分混合体系,且Ni中心生成的聚乙烯含量低于后者,说明Ni被选择性抑制.当使用MMAO/B作助催化剂时,结果与MMAO类似.     

Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化乙烯气相聚合

本文综述了乙烯气相聚合催化剂研究状况,列举了一些制备气相聚合催化剂有代表性的方法。同时对预聚合的作用及气相聚合与淤浆聚合表观动力学行为的不同性也作了简要介绍。     

Ti－Mg系载体催化剂乙烯加氢预聚合对乙烯气相聚合的影响

Ｔｉ－Ｍｇ系载体催化剂乙烯加氢预聚合对乙烯气相聚合的影响李悦，林尚安（东莞理工学院应用化学系，东莞，５１１７００）（中山大学高分子研究所）关键词Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂．预聚合催化剂．乙烯气相聚合乙烯聚合特别是气相聚合十分注意聚合初活性的调节...     

铬系乙烯齐聚和聚合催化剂

综述了近年来国内外铬系催化剂的最新研究进展。介绍了该类催化剂齐聚和合的性能研究和应用，讨论了该催化剂长期引起争议的活性中心，活性价态，以及反应机理，并同时预测了铬系催化剂在工业和纳米技术方面的发展趋势。     

用高效SiO2载体催化剂进行乙烯气相聚合

使用球形ＳｉＯ２负载ＭｇＣｌ２－ＴｉＣｌ４高活性催化剂进行乙烯气相聚合，考察了催化剂制备条件和添加剂对催化剂的组成、催化活性以及聚合表观动力学的影响．结果表明，ＳｉＯ２热处理温度和所用的醇对Ｍｇ和Ｔｉ的负载量及乙烯聚合活性有明显的影响．催化剂制备中添加Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸ＳｉＣｌ４或ＡｌＥｔ２Ｃｌ能大幅度提高催化剂的活性，其中以ＳｉＣｌ４的效果最为明显．随着ＳｉＣｌ４用量的增加，乙烯气相聚合的活性显著提高，聚合速度随时间变化由渐升平稳型转变为衰减型     

预聚合条件对高效催化剂催化乙烯气相聚合的影响

采用经预聚合处理的ＭｇＣｌ２负载的钛系催化剂进行乙烯气相聚合和淤浆聚合比较．乙烯淤浆聚合其表观动力学呈现为加速型或渐升衰减混合型，而气相聚合则为衰减型．在聚合前期阶段，气相聚合速度明显高于淤浆聚合速度．这样的差别是由于淤浆聚合中明显存在着单体在颗粒中扩散受阻的影响，气相聚合中则存在过热现象．测定了两种聚合方式中催化剂的钛价态，结果表明气相聚合条件下钛的价态分布比淤浆聚合更大程度倾向于低价态．催化剂预聚合温度和预聚合产率对气相聚合活性及表观动力学行为的影响表明预聚合工艺是气相聚合反应平稳控制有效技术．     

过渡金属乙烯齐聚与聚合催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来过渡金属配合物催化乙烯齐聚与聚合的最新进展;介绍了乙烯齐聚或聚合的反应时间、反应温度、乙烯压力、助催化剂用量等反应条件及配体上不同取代基对前过渡金属(铬,锆,钛,钒)和后过渡金属(铁,钴,镍,铜)配合物的催化活性和齐聚或聚合产物的影响;分别以钛和镍配合物催化剂为例,介绍了前过渡金属和后过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚或聚合的机理。     

新型的乙烯聚合催化剂

简要介绍了新型的烯烃聚合催化剂－Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）类后过渡金属催化剂的发展,特点及催化乙烯聚合机理,并就它们的组成结构、聚合条件和配体体积对聚合产物结构,分子量等的影响根据配体不同分类进行了讨论。     

Vanadium and Chromium Catalysts for Polymerization of Ethylene

In the present progress report literature data concerning homogeneous catalyst systems based on vanadium and chromium are reviewed and complemented by a combined study of the magnetic properties and the polymerization activity of such systems. The results show that vanadium forms active species as V (III ) and as V (II ), but chromium only as Cr (II ); models are suggested for the polymerization process. — A comparison with heterogeneous systems (Phillips catalyst) allows the establishment of some general principles concerning the activity of the catalyst and the properties of the polymers.     

Styrene-containing Phosphine-sulfonate Ligands for Nickel-and Palladium-catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization

A series of phosphine-sulfonate ligands bearing 2-, 3-and 4-vinylphenyl on the phosphorus atom were designed, synthesized,characterized and investigated in Ni-and Pd-catalyzed ethylene polymerization. The structure of the phosphine-sulfonate Pd complex bearing2-vinylphenyl on the phosphorus atom showed 2,1-insertion for the 2-vinyl group. The phosphine-sulfonate Ni complex bearing 2-vinylphenyl resulted in significantly increased thermal stability and polyethylene molecular weights(Mn=3.69×104 g·mol-1 at 80 °C) versus the counterparts bearing 3-/4-vinyl groups as well as previously reported phosphine-sulfonate Ni complexes bearing bulky biaryl substituents.     

Phenoxy–Ether Ligated Ti Complexes for the Polymerization of Ethylene

Summary: Bis(phenoxy–ether) Ti complexes were investigated as ethylene polymerization catalysts. The complexes, combined with iBu₃Al/Ph₃CB(C₆F₅)₄ or methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalysts, can be highly active single‐site catalysts, which display activities ( turnover frequency, max. 2 065 min⁻¹) comparable with that of a highly active bis(phenoxy–imine) Ti complex/MAO system, and provide very high molecular weight polyethylenes ( 2 040 000–5 420 000) at 25 °C under atmospheric pressure.

Synthesis of polyethylene using bis(phenoxy–ether) Ti complexes, an example of which is shown.     

Iron and Cobalt Complexes of a Series of Tridentate P,N, P Ligands — Synthesis,Characterization, and Application in Ethene Polymerization Reactions

A series of tridentate P, N, P ligands comprising a central pyridine unit and two pendent diarylphosphane moieties (2, 6‐bis(CH₂PAr₂)pyridine; Ar = phenyl ( 1 ), 2‐methylphenyl ( 2 ), 2, 4, 6‐trimethylphenyl ( 3 )) as well as the corresponding iron ( 1‐FeCl₂ , 2‐FeCl₂ , 3‐FeCl₂ ) and cobalt ( 1‐CoCl₂ , 2‐CoCl₂ , 3‐CoCl₂ ) complexes were synthesized and characterized. An X‐ray structure analysis of 2‐CoCl₂ and 3‐CoCl₂ exhibited a trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination geometry at the metal center, the two chlorine atoms and the nitrogen occupying the equatorial and the phosphane units the apical positions. IR analysis indicated, that in all complexes the pyridine unit is coordinated to the metal center. The cobalt compounds were applied as catalyst precursors for the polymerization of ethene after activation with MAO.     

Gas Phase Polymerization of Ethylene with Supported Titanium-Nickel Catalysts

A new ditransition-metal catalyst system TiCl4-NiCl2/MgCl2-SiO2/AlR3 was prepared.Gas phase polymerization of ethylene with the catalysts has been studied.The kinetic curves of gas phase polymerization showed a decline.The catalystic efficiency and polymerization reaction rates have a optimum value when Ni content of the catalysts was 12.5%(mol).The products obtained are branched polyethylene.     

镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合的进展

继SHOP催化体系采用镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚制备端烯烃在研究和应用中获得成功以来,由于后过渡金属上容易产生β-氢消除反应,镍配合物催化乙烯的研究搁置了近二十年。然而,近十年里,镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合研究再次受到催化剂研究者的重视,进入了飞速发展的新时期。本文综述近三年间这个领域的发展,特别是我国学者在这个领域的贡献,展示了镍配合物在乙烯齐聚和乙烯聚合制备支化聚烯烃中的巨大潜力,促进该领域研究的发展。