分光椭偏技术在铟锡氧薄膜光电特性研究中的应用

通过分光椭偏测量技术、并采用Drude和Tauc-Lorentz复合模型,研究了铟锡氧(ITO)薄膜在不同基底温度和退火过程中光学介电函数的变化。通过与霍尔效应以及光学带隙测试的数据对比,发现ITO薄膜的载流子浓度和光学带隙变化分别对材料红外和紫外波段光学介电函数有影响。通过分别研究材料在低能端和高能端的介电函数,得到光学介电函数与薄膜的载流子浓度和光学带隙的关系。该研究确定了利用非接触分光椭偏技术对ITO薄膜的电学和光学特性进行定量分析的近似方法。     

Si衬底上磁控溅射法生长MgO薄膜

我们用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(100)单晶衬底上生长MgO薄膜,借助X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现,我们获得了两种不同晶体结构的MgO薄膜,分别是常规的晶格常数为0.421nm的MgO薄膜和晶格常数为0.812nm的新结构的MgO薄膜.我们研究了溅射气压、衬底温度等工艺参数对两种晶体结构择取的影响.实验表明,高的溅射气压和高的衬底温度有利于晶格常数为0.812nm的新结构的MgO相的形成.在高的气压和温度下,我们制备出了晶格常数为0.812nm,具有很好的4次对称性的MgO外延薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了这种薄膜的表面形貌.     

磁控溅射方法生长的氮氧锌薄膜的光学特性

氧化锌(ZnO)是一种具有六方结构的宽禁带Ⅱ--Ⅵ族半导体材料，室温下能带带隙Eg为3.37eV。由于氧化锌在室温条件下具有较高的激子束缚能(60meV)，保证了其在室温下较强的激子发光。此外氧化锌还具有较高的热稳定性和抗化学腐蚀特性，因而被认为是制作紫外半导体激光器的合适材料。自1997年首次发现ZnO室温紫外受激发射以来，ZnO已成为继GaN之后紫外发射材料的又一研究热点。但是，目前对于p型氧化锌及其发光器件的研究仍处于探索阶段，对其光电特性的研究仍需要更多投入。本文利用磁控溅射方法制备出氮氧锌薄膜样品，并通过在氧气气氛下退火处理，改变薄膜样品中氮的含量。通过X射线衍射谱、X射线光电子能谱、光致发光谱及喇曼光谱的测试，研究了氮在氧化锌薄膜中的含量变化以及氮对氧化锌薄膜的结构和光学特性的影响。     

射频磁控溅射法生长MgxZn1-xO薄膜的结构和光学特性

用射频磁控溅射法在80℃的衬底温度下制备出MgxZn1-xO(0≤x≤0.30)薄膜.x射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,MgxZn1-xO薄膜为单相六角纤锌矿结构,没有形成任何显著的MgO分离相,MgxZn1-xO薄膜的择优取向平行于与衬底垂直的c轴;c轴晶格常数随着Mg含量的增加逐渐减小.在MgxZn1-xO薄膜的光透射谱中出现锐利的吸收边,由透射谱估算出MgxZn1-xO薄膜的带隙宽度由3.32eV(x=0)线性地增加到3.96eV(x=0.30).     

射频磁控溅射ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性

采用射频（RF）反应磁控溅射法在n-Si(001)衬底上外延生长ZnO薄膜。XRD谱测量显示出较强的（002）衍射峰，表明ZnO薄膜为c轴择优取向生长的。室温PL谱测量观察到了较强的紫外光发射和深能级发射。     

工作气压对磁控溅射ZnO薄膜结晶特性及生长行为的影响

采用射频反应磁控溅射方法，在Si(001)基片上制备了具有高c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和透射光谱分析技术，对不同工作气压下合成的ZnO薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构和光学性能进行表征，研究了工作气压对ZnO薄膜的结晶性能以及生长行为的影响.研究结果显示：对于Ar/O₂流量比例接近1∶1的固定比值下，ZnO薄膜的生长行为主要取决于成膜空间中氧的密度，临界工作气压介于0.5—1.0 Pa之间.当工作气压小于临界值时，ZnO薄膜的成核密度较高，且随工作气压的变化明显，ZnO的生长行为受控于氧的密度，属于氧支配的薄膜生长；当工作气压大于临界值以后，ZnO薄膜的成核密度基本保持不变，Zn原子的数量决定薄膜的生长速率；在0.1—5.0 Pa的工作气压范围内，均可获得高度c轴取向的ZnO薄膜，但工作气压的变化改变着ZnO晶粒之间的界面特征和取向关系.随着工作气压的增加，ZnO晶粒之间的界面失配缺陷减少，但平面织构特征逐渐消失，三叉晶界的空洞逐渐扩大，薄膜的密度下降，折射率减小. 关键词： ZnO薄膜 磁控溅射 表面形貌 微观结构 光学性能     

不同形貌衬底上铝诱导poly-Si薄膜的制备及表征

以表面平整、粗糙的玻璃为衬底,在不同衬底温度下直流磁控溅射沉积a-Si薄膜,制备成glass/a-Si/Al样品,经退火处理制备了poly-Si薄膜。分别采用Raman光谱、XRD光谱等手段研究了衬底粗糙度以及衬底温度对铝诱导晶化(AIC)制备的poly-Si品质的影响。Raman光谱表明：所有样品在521 cm-1都有尖锐、对称的Raman峰出现,表明样品完全结晶;XRD结果表明：poly-Si在(111)晶向择优生长;XRD在(111)处的半高宽值(FWHM)表明：玻璃衬底的形貌和a-Si沉积的温度对poly-Si的品质产生影响。200 ℃可能是AIC制备poly-Si薄膜时沉积a-Si时的最适温度。     

Si(001)基片上反应射频磁控溅射ZnO薄膜的两步生长方法

利用反应射频磁控溅射技术，采用两步生长方法制备了ZnO薄膜，探讨了基片刻蚀时间和低温过渡层沉积时间对ZnO薄膜生长行为的影响.研究结果表明，低温ZnO过渡层的沉积时间所导致的薄膜表面形貌的变化与过渡层在Si(001)表面的覆盖度有关.当低温过渡层尚未完全覆盖基片表面时，ZnO薄膜的表面岛尺度较小、表面粗糙度较大，薄膜应力较大；当低温过渡层完全覆盖Si(001)基片后，ZnO薄膜的表面岛尺度较大、表面粗糙度较小，薄膜应力较小.基片刻蚀时间对薄膜表面形貌的影响与低温过渡层的成核密度有关.随着刻蚀时间的增加，ZnO薄膜的表面粗糙度逐渐下降，表面形貌自仿射结构的关联长度逐渐减小. 关键词： ZnO薄膜 反应射频磁控溅射 两步生长 形貌分析     

非晶Ni88P12合金薄膜的表面形貌特征与晶化行为的研究

采用化学镀的方法在363K和p型Si（100）衬底上制得非晶Ni₈₈P₁₂合金薄膜．利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜对非晶合金薄膜及其经处理后形成的氧化态、还原态和晶态的结构、组分和表面的形貌特征作了研究，并对它的晶化行为作了初步探讨．结果表明，非晶合金薄膜是由纳米级微粒聚集成微米级颗粒组成；在低于晶化温度条件下经氧化和还原处理后的薄膜表面晶化；在晶化过程中，合金薄膜的非晶纳米微粒转变为微晶后长大成晶粒，其表面结构光滑平坦，几何边界 关键词：     

射频磁控溅射法制备ZnS多晶薄膜及其性质

实验采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上沉积了ZnS多晶薄膜,研究了沉积气压、退火温度和衬底温度对ZnS薄膜质量的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了薄膜的微结构,并计算了内应力值.通过紫外-可见光分光光度计测量了薄膜的透过谱,计算了Urbach能量和禁带宽度.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了薄膜的表面形貌.结果表明: 衬底温度为室温时沉积的ZnS薄膜具有较大的压应力,并且内应力值随着工作气压增大而增大,在300 ℃下进行退火处理后内应力松弛,衬底温度为350 ℃时制备的ZnS薄膜内应力小,透过率高,经300 ℃退火处理后结晶质量有所提高. 关键词： ZnS薄膜 射频磁控溅射 内应力     

直流磁控溅射制备氧化钒薄膜

讨论了在低温下以高纯金属钒作靶材,用直流磁控溅射的方法制备出了氧化钒薄膜。通过设计正交试验,分析了氩气和氧气的流量比,溅射功率,工作压强,基底温度对氧化钒薄膜沉积速率和电阻温度系数TCR的影响,采用RTP-500型快速热处理机对氧化钒薄膜样品进行了退火热处理,实验结果表明:当Ar与O2的比例为100:4,溅射功率为120W,工作压强为2Pa时,所获得薄膜TCR较大,都在-2%/K附近,最高的可达-3.6%/K。     

磁控溅射法制备β型Fe3Si8M系三元薄膜

二元β-FeSi2是-种非常有潜力的环境友好型半导体，但由于是线性化合物，所以很难制备较高质量的β单相．本文从β-FeSi2相的基本团簇出发，利用“团簇＋连接原子”结构模型，设计制备了Fe3SisM（M=B，Cr，Ni，Co）系三元薄膜．研究了Fe3Si8M系三元薄膜的结构、成分和光电特性．结果表明，溅射态薄膜都为非晶态，经850℃／4h退火后可全部转换为晶态，引入的第三组元M不同会影响退火后的相转变和结晶质量，Cr和B为第三组元时可实现单-β相，Co作为第三组元时，薄膜以Ⅸ相为主表现为金属特性．B，Cr和Ni作为第三组元的样品中半导体性质都有不同程度的体现，但相比较而言，Fe2．7Si8480．9薄膜的半导体性能最为明显，其电阻率为0．17Ω．cm、载流子浓度为2．8×10^20cm^-3、迁移率为0．13cm2／V．S，带隙宽度约为0．65eV．所以引入合适的第三组元可以扩展序相相区，并实现晶态三元β型硅化物薄膜与二元β-FeSi2薄膜的半导体性能相近．     

Characteristics of ZnO:In thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering

In-doped ZnO (ZnO:In) transparent conductive thin films were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the ZnO:In thin films was investigated. It was found that higher temperature improves the crystallinity of the films and promotes In substitution easily. ZnO:In thin films with the best crystal quality were fabricated at 300 °C, which exhibit a larger grain size of 29 nm and small tensile strain of 0.9%. The transmittance of all the films was revealed to be over 85% in the visible range independence of the substrate temperatures and the lowest resistivity of ZnO:In thin films is 2.4×10⁻³ Ω cm.     

Properties of ITO films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering

Recently, a detailed study of the properties of ITO thin films deposited under various preparation conditions using the rf magnetron sputtering technique (from ITO target in pure Ar gas) has been undertaken in our laboratory. The effect of substrate temperature has been studied in a previous paper. Here the results of a study of the structural, electrical and optical properties of the ITO films with different thickness are presented. The figure of merit for the films, which is a measure of the quality of the films as transparent conductive layers for photovoltaic applications, has been evaluated.     

Structural and electrical properties of fluorine-doped zinc tin oxide thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

Transparent and conductive thin films of fluorine doped zinc tin oxide (FZTO) were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using a 30 wt% ZnO with 70 wt% SnO₂ ceramic targets. The F-doping was carried out by introducing a mixed gas of pure Ar, CF₄, and O₂ forming gas into the sputtering chamber while sputtering ZTO target. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, electrical and optical performances of FZTO thin films has been studied. FZTO thin film annealed at 600 °C shows the decrease in resistivity 5.47 × 10⁻³ Ω cm, carrier concentration ∼10¹⁹ cm⁻³, mobility ∼20 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and an increase in optical band gap from 3.41 to 3.60 eV with increasing the annealing temperatures which is well explained by Burstein–Moss effect. The optical transmittance of FZTO films was higher than 80% in all specimens. Work function (ϕ) of the FZTO films increase from 3.80 eV to 4.10 eV through annealing and are largely dependent on the amounts of incorporated F. FZTO is a possible potential transparent conducting oxide (TCO) alternative for application in optoelectronics.     

Study of nanocrystalline V02 thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering and post-oxidation

Nanocrystalline VO2 thin films were deposited onto glass slides by direct current magnetron sputtering and postoxidation. These films undergo semiconductor-metal transition at 70 ℃, accompanied by a resistance drop of two magnitude orders. The crystal structures and surface morphologies of the VO2 films were characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscope （AFM）, respectively. Results reveal that the average grain size of VO2 nanograins measured by XRD is smaller than those measured by AFM. In addition, Raman characterization indicates that stoichiometric VO2 and oxygen-rich VO2 phases coexist in the films, which is supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） results. Finally, the optical properties of the VO2 films in UV-visible range were also evaluated. The optical band gap corresponding to 2p-3d inter-band transition was deduced according to the transmission and reflection spectra. And the deduced value, Eopt2p-3d ： 1.81 eV, is in good agreement with that previously obtained by theoretical calculation.     

Preparation of boron carbon nitride thin films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Boron carbon nitride films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a composite target consisting of h-BN and graphite in an Ar-N₂ gas mixture. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results suggest that the films are atomic-level hybrids composed of B, C and N atoms. The boron carbon nitride films prepared in the present experiment have a disordered structure. The sputtering power varied from 80 W to 130 W. This sputtering power was shown to have regular effect on the composition of boron carbon nitride films. The samples deposited at 80 W and 130 W are close to the stoichiometry of BC₃N. The sample deposited at 110 W is close to the stoichiometry of BCN. The samples deposited at 100 W and 120 W approach to BC₂N. It is very significant for us to synthesize boron carbon nitride compound with controllable composition by changing the sputtering power.     

The effects of substrate temperatures on the electrical properties of CaZrO3 thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering

The radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology (RFMS) was employed to deposit perovskite structure orthogonal phase CaZrO₃ thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates. The effects of substrate temperatures on structure and electrical properties of these films were investigated in detail. The CaZrO₃ thin films were systematically characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Multi-frequency LCR meter (HP4294A) and Radiant Precision Workstation to study the phase structure, cross-section morphology, dielectric and ferroelectric properties at different substrate temperatures. The result indicates that these films can withstand 80 V DC Bias voltage and have excellent stability of frequency, voltage and temperature. The CaZrO₃ thin film prepared at 550 °C turned out to be mainly orthorhombic CaZrO₃ phase with high permittivity, low dielectric loss, extremely low leakage current (at 1 MHz, the dielectric constant is 39.42, the dielectric loss is 0.00455, the quality factor is 220 and the leakage current density is 9.11 × 10⁻⁷A/cm² at 80 V applied voltage.). This work demonstrates that higher substrate temperature can boost the formation of orthorhombic CaZrO₃ phase and the CaZrO₃ thin film prepared by RF magnetron sputtering is a very promising paraelectric material in the application of thin film capacitor.     

溅射功率对直流磁控溅射Ti膜结构的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了纯Ti膜,研究了不同功率下Ti膜的沉积速率、表面形貌及晶型结构,并对其应力进行了研究。研究表明：薄膜的沉积速率随溅射功率的增加而增加,当溅射功率为20 W时,原子力显微镜(AFM)图像显示Ti膜光洁、致密,均方根粗糙度最小可达0.9 nm。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明薄膜的晶体结构为六方晶型,Ti膜应力先随溅射功率增大而增大,在60 W时达到最大值（为945.1 MPa）,之后随溅射功率的增大有所减小。