可天宁印迹聚合物分子识别特性的光谱与XPS研究

以可天宁(COT)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了一种新型的分子印迹聚合物。采用紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和1H NMR波谱研究了印迹聚合物的结合位点和识别机理。结果表明,该聚合物通过协同氢键作用形成1∶2型配合物,专一地结合可天宁分子。MAA分子羧基上的氢原子是氢键的质子给予体;COT分子吡啶环上的氮原子以及羰基上的氧原子是质子的接受体,是与MAA形成氢键作用的选择性识别位点。     

1-氨基萘印迹聚合物分子识别特性的光谱学研究

采用分子自组装印迹技术合成了一种对1-氨基萘有高度选择性的分子印迹聚合物新材料。应用紫外光谱、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和1H核磁共振波谱等研究了印迹聚合物的结合位点和识别机理。结果表明模板分子与功能单体通过氢键作用形成1:1型配合物,配合物的稳定常数K=5.537×104L/mol。1-氨基萘分子氨基上的氮原子是质子接受体,功能单体甲基丙烯酸分子羧基上的氢原子是氢键的质子给予体,是与1-氨基萘形成氢键作用的选择性识别位点。利用平衡吸附试验研究了印迹聚合物的结合特性,表明印迹聚合物对1-氨基萘分子具有特异的识别性能。     

N-氯乙酰基-β-苯乙胺衍生物的合成及其表征

建立了新化合物N-氯乙酰基-4-乙酰基-β-苯乙胺、4-[[(羟基)亚胺基]乙基]-N-氯乙酰基-β-苯乙胺和N-氯乙酰基-4-羟乙基-β-苯乙胺的合成方法,并且着重考察了N-氯乙酰基-4-乙酰基-β-苯乙胺的合成条件.结果表明,其合成的最适条件为:原料与三氯化铝的摩尔比为1∶3,原料与乙酰氯的摩尔比为1∶2,在20℃条件下滴加原料的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完毕后反应体系控制在30℃,在此条件下反应,产物收率可达85％.产品结构通过IR、1H NMR、MS确证.     

制备腈菌唑分子印迹聚合物前功能单体选择研究

为制备腈菌唑(M)分子印迹聚合物,建立了选择合适的功能单体以及功能单体添加量的方法。利用紫外光谱法研究α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与M作用形式、作用强度、最佳浓度比和形成的结合位点数。结果表明,M与两种功能单体都会形成氢键;M的三唑环共轭双键的π电子吸收能量跃迁到π*共轭反键轨道,氢键的形成会使π→π*的吸收带发生迁移,最大吸收波长随着体系功能单体浓度增加而发生红移。M与两种功能单体最佳浓度配比分别为:M∶MAA=1∶4和M∶AM=1∶2。M与两种功能单体都具有结合能力,且结合力较强。采用AM为功能单体合成的分子印迹聚合物对M具有更好的稳定性和特异识别能力。     

甲胺磷分子印迹聚合物的结合机理及其分子识别特性的光谱学研究

采用分子自组装印迹技术合成了一种新的对甲胺磷农药分子有高度选择性的分子印迹聚合物。在预聚合阶段,通过1H NMR,FTIR和UV光谱法研究了分子印迹聚合物的形成机理。结果表明模板分子和功能单体通过协同氢键作用形成1∶2型氢键配合物,配合物稳定常数K＝2.894×106 L2·mol-2,稳定性好。运用红外光谱法研究了印迹聚合物对模板分子的特异性识别作用,进一步表明印迹聚合物通过协同氢键作用特异性地识别模板分子。     

1,1,3,3-四甲基脲—溶剂氢键复合物的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上对水、苯胺、氯仿与1,1,3,3-四甲基脲分子形成的1:1气相氢键复合物进行计算研究.结果表明,三种物质与1,1,3,3-四甲基脲形成的复合物存在氢键,表现为羰基氧原子的孤对电子与H—X(X=O,N,C)反键轨道的相互作用.氢键的形成使C=O和H—X的伸缩振动频率红移.在标准压力和298.15 K下,氢键复合物的形成是一个放热的非自发过程.     

2-羟基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺的合成和表征

以N-甲基苯胺、氯乙酰氯、无水醋酸钠、甲醇等为原料,经乙酰化,酯化及酯交换反应合成了2-羟基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺,三步总收率为88.0%.N-甲基苯胺、氯乙酰氯在三乙胺的催化下,按n(C6H5NHCH3):n[ClCH2C(O)Cl]:n[N(C2H5)3]=1:1.05:1,经乙酰化反应得到2-氯代-N-甲基乙酰苯胺(I),收率为93.8%;(I)与无水醋酸钠在相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵的存在下,按n(I):n(NaOAc)=1:1.2,经酯化反应合成了2-乙酰氧基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺(Ⅱ),收率为97.3%;(Ⅱ)与甲醇按n(Ⅱ):n(CH3OH)=1:10,在氢氧化钾的催化下,进行了酯交换反应得到2-羟基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺(Ⅲ),收率为96.4%.并利用红外、质谱和元素分析,对各产物进行了表征,确认了分子结构.     

N-芳基-N′-(4-乙氧基苯甲酰基)硫脲衍生物阴离子识别性能的光谱研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱及1H NMR考察了两种N-芳基-N′-(4-乙氧基苯甲酰基)硫脲作为受体分子与F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,CH₃COO-,H₂PO-₄,HSO-₄,NO-₃等阴离子的作用。结果表明,客体阴离子F-,CH₃COO-,H₂PO-₄可以与该类受体分子形成氢键配合物,溶液颜色由无色转变为黄色,而加入其他阴离子则无变化。测定了主客体配合物的稳定常数和化学配位比,对苯环上不同取代基的受体分子与不同阴离子客体的识别作用以及同一受体对不同阴离子的识别作用进行了比较,其识别性能呈现规律性变化, 提出了可能的配合物的结合模式。     

紫外薄层色谱法分离C15H18N4SO2和C13H19N3SO4

采用紫外薄层色谱法在硅胶GF254板上分离N-{2-[(2,2-二氰基-乙烯基)-甲基-氨基]-丙基}-4-甲基-苯磺酰胺(C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2)和4-甲基-N-{2-[甲基-(2-硝基-乙烯基)-氨基]-丙基}-苯磺酰胺(C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4)二种有机物的方法。硅胶GF254板由0.27mol/L,pH=7的EDTA溶液修饰,避免了这两种样品与板上少量无机金属离子发生络合作用;展开剂为乙酸乙酯-石油醚-乙醇-37.5%氨水(体积比为10∶10∶1∶1)。C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2和C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4的Rf值分别为0.64和0.48。用紫外薄层色谱法分离C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2和C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4具有操作简单,灵敏,准确的特点。     

地西泮分子印迹聚合物的光谱学特性及其在传感测试中的应用

制备地西泮的分子印迹聚合物,应用紫外光谱(ultraviolet spectra,UV spectra)和红外光谱(infra-red spectra,IRspectra)分析该聚合物的识别特性及模板分子和功能单体的结合作用。在丝网印刷电极上原位制备地西泮的分子印迹膜,并在此基础上建立了检测地西泮的电导型传感方法。实验结果表明模板分子与功能单体可形成1:2型氢键配合物,印迹聚合物中存在可与模板分子通过协同氢键相互作用的官能团,该聚合物对地西泮有高度特异的识别力,电导型传感方法对地西泮的检测限达0.008mg.L-1,线性范围为0.039～0.62mg.L-1,可实现现场快速检测。     

分子印迹材料选择性截留卷烟烟气中芳胺的研究

采用分子印迹技术合成了一种对1-萘胺有高度选择性的分子印迹聚合物材料。应用固相萃取吸附试验研究了该聚合物对1-萘胺及其结构类似物的选择特性,表明印迹聚合物材料对4种芳胺类物质表现出良好的选择性结合能力。将所制备的印迹聚合物按不同剂量添加到卷烟嘴棒中,考察其对卷烟烟气中芳胺的截留效果。结果显示,该分子印迹材料能选择性截留卷烟烟气中的1-萘胺、2-萘胺、3-氨基联苯和4-氨基联苯等烟气有害成分;当印迹聚合物添加量为50mg时,卷烟烟气中芳胺的降低率达到30%。     

Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of new one-dimensional manganese(II) coordination polymer nanostructures

A new Mn(II) coordination polymer, [Mn (L₁)₂(NCS)₂]_n (1) [L₁ = 3,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole] was synthesized by the reaction of ligand L₁ and mixtures of manganese(II) acetate and potassium thiocyanate using the heat gradient method. Compound 1 has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shows a new interesting one-dimensional coordination polymer. Nanostructures of compound 1 have been synthesized by sonochemical method. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and IR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of nano particles of compound 1 was studied by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses.     

Preparation and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Recognition of Trichlorfon and Monocrotophos

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that can selectively recognize both the trichlorfon and the structurally related compound of monocrotophos pesticides was prepared using mixtures of trichlorfon and monocrotophos as template molecules, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The polymerization conditions had an important influence on the adsorption ability of imprinted polymer. When the ratio of trichlorfon and monocrotophos was 1.5:1 (mol/mol), the MIP had high adsorption capacity. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results indicated that the P = O groups of trichlorfon and monocrotophos reacted with the -OH groups of MAA during the synthesis of MIP. The imprinted polymer exhibited good recognition ability and higher selectivity toward trichlorfon and monocrotophos than the structurally related pesticide compounds of acephate and methamidophos, and offered fast kinetics for solid phase by the MIP adsorption of trichlorfon and monocrotophos from liquid phase.     

Distribution of molecularly imprinted polymer layers on macroporous silica gel particles by STEM and EDX

Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in parallel and scanning mode (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) the distribution of molecularly imprinted polymer layers covalently grafted on the inner and outer surface of macroporous silica gel particles was observed. The grafting was achieved using a special initiator system (iniferter) and applied on a well known model system producing molecularly imprinted layers with L-phenyl alanine analide (L-PA) as template. By staining the sample with RuO(4) before its embedment in epoxy resin and cutting ultra thin slices it was possible to identify the stained grafted polymer on the silica matrix by EDX. Based on this, complete particle slices could be investigated by visual means according to the presence or absence of grafted polymer and its layer homogeneity.     

Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization from TiO2 nanoparticles

Two kinds of hydrophilic polymers, poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (POEM) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA), were grafted from TiO₂ nanoparticles via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. Chlorine modified TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂-Cl), the ATRP initiators, were synthesized by the reaction of -OH in TiO₂ with 2-chloropropionyl chloride (CPC). FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) clearly showed that the polymer chains were successfully grafted from the surface of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The hydrophilically modified TiO₂ nanoparticles have a better dispersion in alcohol than unmodified nanoparticles, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was also found that the polymer grafting did not significantly alter the crystalline structure of the TiO₂ nanoparticles according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Grafting amounts were 10% of the weight for both TiO₂-POEM and TiO₂-PSSA nanoparticles, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).     

磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物制备与光谱特性

本研究以磺胺二甲嘧啶为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,低温紫外引发聚合制备分子印迹聚合物,用紫外光谱法对磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲基丙烯酸的结合作用及磺胺二甲嘧啶印迹聚合物的静态吸附性能和选择性能进行研究,试验结果表明,溶液中的功能单体与印迹分子之间产生了结合作用;与空白印迹聚合物相比,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、磺胺二甲嘧啶为模板的分子印迹聚合物展现了较高的结合容量,与其他结构类似的底物磺胺异唑相比,磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物对磺胺二甲嘧啶模板分子显示出明显的选择性和特异性,静态分配系数K_D可达282.3 mg·mL-1,分离因子α可达3.9,并预测磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物结合机理。分析了甲基丙烯酸、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯和磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物的红外谱图,研究结果表明制备的磺胺二甲嘧啶印迹聚合物中CC双键峰很小,并且功能键羧酸键没有明显变化,经交联聚合得到的聚合物确实存在可以同印迹分子相互作用的化学基团。     

胶体金核壳型沙丁胺醇分子印迹聚合物的光谱特征分析

为了解决饲料和动物产品中沙丁胺醇残留现场快速检测的难题,开发以分子印迹技术为基础的快速检测沙丁胺醇的新方法,使用沙丁胺醇做为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid, MA)作为功能单体,以本体聚合法为基础合成常规SAL分子印迹聚合物（molecularly imprinted polymer,MIPs）和非分子印迹聚合物（non imprinted polymer NIPs）。在此基础上,以胶体金粒子为引发核,制备出新型的核壳型沙丁胺醇MIPs。应用紫外吸收光谱(UV spectra)、傅里叶红外光谱(IR spectra)和拉曼光谱（Raman spectru）、扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）等技术手段获得两种印迹物及各种相关化合物的光谱图、电镜图等表征图像。由实验结果可知,SAL和MA上的羧基形成稳定又容易洗脱的1∶1型氢键配合物,化学结合常数K=-0.245×106 L2·mol-2。与MA的—COOH中氢原子形成氢键的可能结合位点是SALCO中的氧原子。MIPs与MA中—OH的吸收峰比较可知,前者明显红移; 证明SAL作为模板分子与MA之间发生特定结合。未洗脱MIPs的CO的伸缩振动产生的吸收峰红移; 即能量损失明显,可知MA中—COOH的氢原子如果要生成氢键,可能的结合位点就是SAL分子内CO中的氧原子。MIPs和NIPs中CC, CO, —OH等吸收明显的官能团峰型大致相同。将MIPs洗脱掉作为模板分子的SAL后,留下了含有特殊且确定结构官能团化学及空间构成均与SAL高度匹配的空穴, 可与待测液中的目标检测分子SAL发生特异性识别和专一结合作用。而胶体金核壳型MIPs与常规MIPs相比,除具有以上相同特点外,其表面更加松散,表面孔穴明显增多。由此增加了吸附目标分子的有效面积,具有更优良的吸附性能。这两种印迹物的合成及光谱特征分析为建立基于分子印迹技术的快速检测SAL新方法奠定了理论和实践基础。     

Determination of the debris produced from poly(ethylene terephthalate) during KrF excimer laser ablation

Pulsed UV laser beams, which are widely used in the processing of polymers, have many advantages because their photon energy is higher than the binding energy of polymers. Fabricating polymers with a UV laser process is faster, cleaner, and more convenient than with other processes. Nevertheless, some problems occur in the precision microprocessing of polymers. For example, the formation and deposition of surface debris, which is produced from the breakdown of either polymer chains or radical bonds.To determine the formation and origin of surface debris, a KrF excimer laser beam (248 nm) was used in the processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The investigation of the debris formation was facilitated by UV-vis spectroscopy, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. The UV-vis absorption peak indicates that the primary chromophore in the PET is benzoate. Furthermore, because benzoate causes the primary absorption, the absorbed energy is transferred by heat generation to an unsaturated ester. The ATR FT-IR spectrometer measurements show that the phenyl systems in the benzoate are demolished by ablation. This phenomenon indicates that the photochemical reaction causes the benzoate bonds to break down, and this breakdown in turn causes the carbonization to leave debris on the PET.