反相微乳液模板原位聚合制备纳米氯化银/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其结构表征

用甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)作油相 ,反相胶束微乳液作为模板 ,制备了纳米氯化银 (AgCl)粒子 ,再进行原位聚合制备了纳米氯化银 /聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (AgCl/PMMA)复合材料 .透射电镜 (TEM )分析表明 ,纳米AgCl的尺寸为 2 0～ 80nm .扫描电镜 (SEM )测试表明纳米AgCl粒子均匀地存在于PMMA基材中 .红外分析证明 ,胶束中水和表面活性剂AOT的羰基在MMA聚合后微观环境发生变化 ,纳米粒子同聚合物之间有吸附行为 .动态力学 (DMTA)分析复合材料 ,发现纳米AgCl粒子与聚合物之间存在强烈相互作用 ,形成了中间相层 (interphaselayer) ,改变了聚合物的动态力学性能 .     

生物矿化法制备HgS/聚氨酯复合薄膜及其对Ba2+的传感性能

通过生物矿化法制备出HgS/聚氨酯纳米复合材料并用FTIR、SEM等对材料进行了表征. 研究发现聚氨酯分子可以控制HgS的成核和晶体生长. 聚氨酯的量子限域效应已通过紫外-可见光谱证实,在约291 nm处有明显的特征吸收峰. 荧光性能研究结果表明HgS/聚氨酯纳米粒子复合薄膜对Ba²⁺的存在十分敏感,少量的Ba²⁺会使荧光强度明显上升,水中常见离子几乎对此没有影响.     

POSS纳米复合物链运动的固体NMR研究

利用固体NMR技术、并结合TEM技术研究了POSS掺杂到不同聚合物体系后POSS复合物的链段运动及结构特点,其中聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯（PBMA）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）. 实验结果表明：POSS能很好的分散在这2种聚合物中,形成纳米结构的复合物;其中POSS在PBMA中形成的复合物表现出较强的链段运动性,而在PMMA中则表现出较低的运动性;同时,2D HETCOR的结果表明这2种聚合物本身结构特点不同,POSS/PBMA复合物中聚合物部分与POSS部分间的距离较近,而在POSS/PMMA中则较远.     

聚氨酯/硫化银纳米复合材料的合成及荧光传感性能

通过生物矿化合成了聚氨酯/Ag2S纳米复合薄膜．通过傅里叶变换红外光谱研究、扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜等方法研究了硫化银纳米粒子对复合薄膜物理性质的影响．用DSC 测定了复合材料的热 稳定性．通过对纳米复合材料荧光性能的研究发现薄膜对Ni(II)的存在非常敏感,少量Ni(II)离子的存在使得荧光光谱强度迅速增加．可以预测此复合薄膜可被开发成水溶液中Ni(II)的传感器．     

苝聚集体随机激光的近场散射增强

本文通过物理模拟发现苝聚集体纳米粒子有很强的近场散射. 苝聚集体由异丁基取代聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)苝(DPP)构成,其理论模拟得到的近场散射增强被实验证实. 同时,由聚集体的二硫化碳溶液激发出相干随机激光. 近场增强源自于通过化学键连接的POSS基团,相干随机激光源自于苝发射团. 本文通过分子设计发展出一种新的随机激光体系,为后续一系列交叉研究打开了大门,相关交叉研究主要涵盖无序光子学的分子设计等领域.     

苝聚集体随机激光的近场散射增强（英文）

本文通过物理模拟发现苝聚集体纳米粒子有很强的近场散射.苝聚集体由异丁基取代聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)苝(DPP)构成,其理论模拟得到的近场散射增强被实验证实.同时,由聚集体的二硫化碳溶液激发出相干随机激光.近场增强源自于通过化学键连接的POSS基团,相干随机激光源自于苝发射团.本文通过分子设计发展出一种新的随机激光体系,为后续一系列交叉研究打开了大门,相关交叉研究主要涵盖无序光子学的分子设计等领域.     

原位聚合纳米Ni/聚苯乙烯复合材料及其热力学性能

 磁性聚苯乙烯(PS)材料有利于实现惯性约束聚变靶丸在辐射场中的无接触支撑。采用液相还原法制备了粒度为75~200 nm的Ni球形粒子,用原位聚合的方法制备了纳米Ni/PS复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜及热重差示扫描量热仪分别研究了所得纳米Ni的特性、复合材料的结构及掺杂量对纳米Ni/PS复合材料的热力学行为的影响。研究结果表明：纳米Ni的掺杂能提高玻璃转变温度;纳米Ni的掺杂可以增大PS热分解焓变,在掺杂质量分数为1%~2%之间焓变达到最大;纳米Ni的掺杂降低了纳米Ni/PS复合材料热分解的比热容。     

CdSe纳米粒子负载的TiO2纳米带复合材料制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法制备了CdSe 纳米粒子负载的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带复合材料,并对产物的晶体结构、形貌尺寸、CdSe负载量及其可见光催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,产物中CdSe纳米粒子以闪锌矿型面心立方结构负载在TiO2纳米带表面,负载量可控;虽然CdSe纳米粒子的负载降低了TiO2纳米带比表面积,但是显著增强了产物可见光吸...     

CdS/ZnO纳米复合结构的制备、表征及其光催化活性的改善

利用简单的水热法在ZnO纳米棒表面合成CdS纳米粒子.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对CdS/ZnO异质结构进行表征.实验结果表明,在生长CdS的过程中ZnO被逐渐地腐蚀.选择CdS/ZnO纳米复合材料作为光催化剂在紫外光和绿光照射的条件下降解甲基橙(MO).CdS/ZnO纳米复合材料纳米棒作为光催化剂降解...     

杂化材料在能源和光电领域中的应用

材料中粒子的结构、分散性及其化学功能对其性质起着决定性的作用。采用C60和POSS等粒子自组装成新型高功能材料,致力于该领域的科学和基础研究,包括发展新的合成技术,以及有效和精确地控制材料中粒子的结构与分散程度。现已用C60和POSS纳米颗粒制得聚合物和卟啉杂合物。这些聚合物能够在溶液中组装成聚合物单晶或胶柬。同时,卟啉复合物可自组装成圆盘柱状结构。最后,C60-POSS聚合分子结晶形成导电和绝缘层交互的结构。因此,将颗粒有机地整合在材料中对推动技术进步具有重要的意义。     

Synthesis, characterization and infrared emissivity study of polyurethane/TiO2 nanocomposites

In this study, polyurethane/titania (PU/TiO₂) nanocomposites were prepared in ultrasonic process and characterized by fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared emissivity analysis. The TEM and SEM results indicated that the nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in PU matrix on nanoscale. TGA-DSC confirmed that the heat stability of the composite was improved. Infrared emissivity study showed that the nanocomposite possessed lower emissivity value than those values of pure polymer and nanoparticles.     

The Effect of Zinc Oxide and Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles on the Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene

The thermal conductivity (TC) of compression-moulded polypropylene (PP) and PP filled with 5–15% zinc oxide (ZnO) or calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles, prepared by extrusion, was studied using a thermal conductivity analyzer (TCA). The effect of nanoparticle content and crystallinity on the thermal conductivity was investigated using conventional methods, including SEM, XRD, and DSC. The incorporation of nanoparticles improved the crystallinity and thermal conductivity simultaneously. The experimental TC values of the PP nanocomposites with different level of nanoparticles concentration showed a linear increase with an increase in crystallinity. The TC improvement in PP/ZnO nanocomposite was greater than that of PP/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. This fact can be attributed to the intrinsic, better thermal conductivity of the ZnO nanoparticles. Several models were used for prediction of the TC in the nanocomposites. In the PP/ZnO nanocomposites the TC values correlated well with the values predicted by the Series, Maxwell, Lewis and Nielson, Bruggeman, and De Loor models up to 10 wt%.     

Optical and dielectric properties of nanocomposites systems based on epoxy resins and reactive polyhedral oligosilsquioxanes

An epoxy network structure made of diglycidylether of bisphenol-A and diamino diphenylsulfone was modified by adding various amounts of an epoxy functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized in terms of optical and dielectric properties. The UV-absorption spectra were collected in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. The optical data were analyzed in terms of absorption formula for non-crystalline materials. The optical energy gap and other basic constants, such as energy tails, dielectric constants, refractive index and optical conductivity, were determined and showed a clear dependence on the POSS concentration. It was found that the optical energy gap for the neat epoxy resin is less than for nanocomposites, and it decreases with increase in the POSS content. The refractive index of nanocomposites was determined from the calculated values of absorption and reflectance. It was found that the refractive index and the dielectric constants increased with increase in the POSS concentration. The optical conductivity, which is a measure of the optical absorption, increased with the POSS content. Furthermore, it was found that the glass transition temperature and the optical energy gap correlate well with the POSS filler concentration.     

Glass transition temperature and thermal stability of ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites

In this article, ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical precipitation method using zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), sodium sulphide (Na₂S) and thio-glycerol. These nanoparticles were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. The solution-based processing was used to prepare Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites with different weight percents (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) of ZnS nanoparticles. The obtained ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites were characterized through XRD, scanning electron microscope and TEM measurements. The dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to obtain the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T _g) of the nanocomposites. The apparent activation energy of the glass transition region was also determined using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation. The results indicated that the thermal stability of ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites was higher than PMMA and 6 wt. % of ZnS nanoparticles in PMMA matrix showed the maximum activation energy, which indicated that this nanocomposite had higher thermal stability than other composites.     

Preparation and properties of nano-sized Ag and Ag2S particles in biopolymer matrix

Silver (Ag) and silver sulfide (Ag₂S) nanoparticles were synthesized in a sago starch matrix. The resulting nanocomposites were investigated using structural, optical and thermal methods. XRD spectra of the nanocomposites confirmed the presence of nanostructured silver (cubic phase) and silver sulfide (monoclinic phase) in the matrix. TEM micrographs showed that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape. Analyzes of the optical properties of the silver nanocomposite aqueous dispersions/solutions of various concentrations were carried out. The results and the theoretical considerations suggested that at high concentrations there is a release of silver nanoparticles from the composite in the water environment. Further dilution produces homogeneous solution in which silver nanoparticles are capped with starch macromolecules. TGA analysis revealed reduced thermal stability of the nanocomposites with respect to pure starch matrix.     

Polymer-Nanoparticle Composites Composed of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Coated Silver Nanoparticles

The effects of addition of synthesized organic-suspension silver nanoparticles on the crystallization and thermal stability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM images showed the average primary size of the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles, coated with a monolayer of the surfactants consisting of oleic acid and an alkylamine, was about 5 nm with narrow distribution, and that they were uniformly dispersed in n-heptane. PHBV/silver nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer and then injection molded into rectangle-shaped specimens by a labscale injection molding device. The coated silver nanoparticles showed a homogenuous dispersion in the PHBV matrix when the content of coated silver nanoparticles was about 1%. Both the DSC and POM data showed the efficient heterogeneous nucleation by the coated silver nanoparticles for facilitating PHBV crystallization. The thermal stability of the PHBV/silver nanocomposites improved with the increase in the content of the coated silver nanoparticles.     

Hybrid Polyurethane-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Semi-IPN–Silica Nanocomposites: Interfacial Interactions and Glass Transition Dynamics

Polyurethane-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) semi-IPN-silica nanocomposites with low content (0.25 and 3 wt%) of differently functionalized 3-D fumed silica nanoparticles were studied using a combined AFM/DSC/CRS approach over the ?100 to 160°C range. The pronounced heterogeneity of the PHEMA and PU glass transitions’ dynamics and the effects of considerable suppression of dynamics and increasing elastic properties by silica additives were shown. It was caused by formation of peculiarly cross-linked structures due to “double hybridization,” in particular via selective covalent bonding of the silica surface, functionalized by ?OH, ?NH₂ or ?CH?CH₂ groups, with the matrix constituents. The silica dispersion remained unchanged in these nanocomposites; therefore the relationships between interfacial interactions and dynamics/modulus behavior could be followed.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/SiO2 nanocomposites

In order to achieve good dispersion of nano-SiO₂ and increase the interactions between nano-SiO₂ and PU matrix, nano-SiO₂ was firstly modified with poly(propylene glycol) phosphate ester (PPG-P) which was a new polymeric surfactant synthesized through the esterification of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and polyphosphoric acid (PPA). Then a series of polyurethane (PU)/SiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization. The surface modification of nano-SiO₂, the microstructure and the properties of nanocomposites were investigated by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA. It was found that good dispersion of nano-SiO₂ achieved in PU/SiO₂ nanocomposite after the modification with PPG-P. The segmented structures of PU were not interfered by the presence of nano-SiO₂ in these nanocomposites.     

Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of Silica‐Graft‐Polypropylene Nanocomposites Studied by Step‐Scan DSC and TGA

Silica graft poly(propylene) (silica‐g‐PP) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by radical grafting copolymerization and ring‐opening reaction. Their thermal properties were studied by step‐scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The exothermic peaks in the IsoK baseline (C_p,IsoK, nonreversing signal) of SDSC reveal that PP and silica‐g‐PP nanocomposites undergo melting‐recrystallization‐remelting during heating. The peak temperatures of recrystallization and remelting shift upward with the existence of nanoparticles in the PP matrix. The thermal degradation kinetics of silica‐g‐PP nanocomposites were investigated using nonisothermal TGA and the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. The results indicate that the thermal stability was significantly improved with increasing silica content, mainly because of the physical‐chemical adsorption of the volatile degradation products on the nanoparticles that delays their volatilization during decomposition, and the covalent interaction between nanoparticles and PP chains, which will also reduce the breakage of PP backbone chains.